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International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.xxx.xxx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 709 Documents
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Combined study to explore planar-mixed dimensional Cs3Bi2I9 solar cells Zulhafizhazuan, Wan; Bin Rafiq, Md Khan Sobayel; Shafian, Shafidah; Sepeai, Suhaila; Ibrahim, Mohd Adib
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 2 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60642

Abstract

The development of high-efficiency solar cells is of paramount importance for advancing sustainable energy technologies and meeting global energy demands. This study focuses on the optoelectronic performance of FTO/TiO2/Cs3Bi2I9/Spiro-OMeATAD/Ag planar heterojunction solar cells. Through detailed analysis, we investigated various factors such as crystallite size, strain, dislocation density, and their collective influence on the overall performance of the solar cells. Among the fabricated samples, sample A3 exhibited a significant improvement in efficiency, showing a 0.72% enhancement over the others. This increase is attributed to A3's superior crystallite quality, which led to reduced strain and a lower density of dislocations. These properties contribute to minimizing non-radiative recombination losses and enhancing charge carrier mobility, both of which are crucial for maximizing the photovoltaic performance of the device. These factors bring A3 closer to the theoretical Shockley-Queisser  (S-Q) efficiency limit, a benchmark for photovoltaic performance. Further analysis using SCAPS-1D simulations supported these experimental findings, demonstrating the significance of optimizing critical parameters such as the minority carrier lifetime. The simulations revealed that high losses in short-circuit current density (JSC) were a primary limiting factor in performance, emphasizing the need for careful tuning of these parameters to reduce losses. This work highlights the critical role of precise material engineering in developing highly efficient perovskite solar cells. The study not only provides insights into the structural and electronic properties essential for performance enhancement but also underscores the potential of Cs3Bi2I9 as a promising material for photovoltaic applications. The findings offer valuable guidance for the next generation of high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and lead-free perovskite solar cells, aligning with global efforts to transition to clean, renewable energy sources.
Assessing the potential of small wind turbine electricity generation for small-sized hotels towards sustainable tourism in developing countries Tanoto, Yusak; Jasman, Brandon Sebastian; Ananda, Stephanus Antonius
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61019

Abstract

The persistent reliance on fossil fuels for energy will yield enduring adverse effects on the tourism sector, particularly the hotel industry. Wind energy represents a renewable electricity source that can facilitate the transition of small-scale hotels to clean energy. The main objective of this research is to propose a methodology for evaluating the potential of wind energy to support sustainable tourism in developing nations, specifically in fulfilling the electricity requirements of small hotels. This study aims to assess and compare the potential contribution of small wind turbines to hotel energy demand by modelling a historical hourly wind dataset spanning ten years (2011-2020) and forecasting a portion of the dataset. This research selected three sites in Indonesia exhibiting varying wind energy potentials: Tepus District in Gunung Kidul Regency, Losari Beach in Makassar City, and Nusa Penida Island in Bali. This study utilises multiple linear regression to examine the impact of external variables on wind speed, and it applies Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing (HWES) for wind speed forecasting in these three locations. The hourly and daily interval datasets analysis reveals a weak correlation between external factors and wind speed, with the HWES method identified as the most appropriate approach for modelling and forecasting wind speed, surpassing the SARIMA model by 0.309 RMSE. Forecasting results indicate that a 30-kW wind turbine could supply 8.8 - 35.3% of a small hotel's electricity consumption, depending upon the occupancy rate.
Development of WO3/TiO2-NT/Ti photoanode for simultaneously POME degradation, electricity generation, and hydrogen production in a photocatalysis-fuel cell system Bachri, M. Febriansyah; Husein, Saddam; Susanto, Bambang Heru; Ratnawati, Ratnawati; Slamet, Slamet
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60978

Abstract

This research presents a WO₃/TiO₂-NT/Ti photoanode for processing POME waste as well as producing electricity and hydrogen simultaneously. The photoanode in the form of nanocomposites was synthesized using an in-situ anodization method and characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL-Spectra), photocurrent transient, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The results showed that the WO₃/TiO₂-NT/Ti photoanode with 0.3 g of WO₃ precursor added during anodization exhibited the best PFC performance. The system achieved a COD degradation of 84%, hydrogen production of 11.18 mmol/m², and a maximum power density of 0.0375 mW/cm² under visible light irradiation, outperforming the variations with 0.5 g and 0.78 g WO₃ precursor. The enhanced performance was attributed to the formation of a heterojunction between WO₃ and TiO₂, as confirmed by characterization results and performance tests in COD degradation, electricity generation, and hydrogen production. Meanwhile, the addition of 0.5 g and 0.78 g WO₃ precursor reduced photocatalytic performance, likely due to excessive Na₂WO₄·2H₂O during anodization, which could partially cover the active TiO₂-NT/Ti surface and alter the electrochemical oxidation process. The developed WO₃/TiO₂-NT/Ti photoanode offers a promising solution for simultaneous wastewater treatment, clean hydrogen production, and electricity generation, with potential applications in sustainable palm oil processing industries and future renewable energy technologies.
The impact of external debt, remittances, political stability, and urbanization on renewable energy consumption in BIMSTEC nations: Evidence from DCE and DCE-IV estimation Qamruzzaman, Md
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 2 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60731

Abstract

This study delves into the intricate relationships among external debt, remittances, political stability, urbanization, and renewable energy consumption in the context of BIMSTEC nations for 1995-2021. Motivated by the growing significance of sustainable energy practices and the need for informed policy decisions. This research employs a comprehensive methodology, including recently introduced Cross-sectional dependency, Slope of heterogeneity test, error correction-based cointegration test, Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCE), and instrumental variable-adjusted DCE method. While external debt shows a positive association with renewable energy consumption, careful consideration is required, as indicated by the nuanced impact of the DCE and Instrumental Variable (DCE-IV) models. Remittances exhibit a positive nexus with renewable energy consumption, emphasizing the role of household purchasing power. Urbanization, reflecting a positive correlation with unemployment rates, surprisingly points towards an increased demand for renewable energy, highlighting the need for strategic planning. Political stability, trade openness, and foreign direct investment (FDI) also demonstrate varying impacts on renewable energy consumption. The findings underscore the intricate nature of these relationships, urging policymakers to adopt tailored approaches. Consequently, this study contributes valuable policy insights for BIMSTEC nations, emphasizing the importance of sustainable energy strategies aligned with economic and social dynamics.
N/S-doped carbon electrode derived from paper waste as a sustainable electric double-layer capacitor Rahmawati, Fitria; Aini, Nur; Ridwan, Qanita; Paramartha, I Gusti Ayu Filia; Putri, Denis Octareta Amelia; Saputri, Dini Deviana; Nugrahaningtyas, Khoirina Dwi; Heraldy, Eddy; Hidayat, Yuniawan; Nurcahyo, I. F.; Anggraningrum, Ivandini Tribidasari
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60846

Abstract

This research aims to produce N/S-doped Carbon Electrode derived from paper waste (NSCEp) for Electric Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC). The paper waste holds potential as raw material for carbon production because of its high cellulose content, abundance of availability, and low price. To enhance the electrical performance of the carbon, an activation step was conducted, followed by double doping with nitrogen and sulfur using thiourea. The NSCEp result was analysed to examine its specific diffraction peaks, crystallinity, morphology, and elemental contents. The NSCEp powder was then mixed with dispersant to produce a homogeneous slurry for the electrode film. The EDLC was assembled in a sandwich-like structure, with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution impregnated in a separator between the carbon film electrodes. The EDLC assembly was conducted under an argon atmosphere in a CR2032 coin cell. The results found that the NSCEp provides a high electrical conductivity of 1.21 x 102 S/cm. The prepared EDLC achieved the specific capacitance value of 39.555 F/g as determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. Furthermore, the EDLC demonstrates high initial charge-discharge capacities of 300.56 mAh/g and 248.88 mAh/g, respectively, at a current of 0.015 A/g. The capacity remains stable for up to 300 charge-discharge cycles.
Aluminum, nickel, and manganese supported on bentonite for conversion of ethanol to gasoline Rahmanda, Deri; Wardhani, Sri; Andayani, Ulfa; Widjaya, Robert R.; Dwiatmoko, Adid A.; Rinaldi, Nino; Prasetyo, Joni; Kurniawan, Kezia F.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 2 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60834

Abstract

The potential of bentonite as a catalyst is rapidly growing, isomorphic substitution in its interlayer allows for cation exchange and facilitates modification to enhance its catalytic properties. The catalytic performance of bentonite can be improved through the insertion of pillared clays (PILC) into its interlayer structure using Al2O3, NiO, and MnO metal oxide alloys. This research aims to develop and study a modified bentonite catalyst, focusing on its physicochemical changes,as well as its activity and selectivity in the conversion of ethanol to biogasoline. The synthesis of oxide pillars on bentonite was carried out at a consistent metal/bentonite mole ratio of 10 mmol/g, with a mixed metal composition of 1:1. The results showed anexpansion of interlayer distance, as measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which increased in all catalysts compared to natural bentonite6,350 (13.94 Å). Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) analysis, revealed that Al/Bentonite exhibited the highest surface area at187.84 m2/g. Total acidity  analyzed, using Temperature Programmed Desorption-Ammonia (TPD-NH3), was found to be 2.33 mmol/g, with Al-Ni/Bentonite showing the highest acidity. Thermal stability, tested throughThermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), indicated that catalysts containing Al and Ni demonstrated the highest stability. The catalytic activity test showed that the Al/bentonite catalyst achieved the highest ethanol conversion rate of68.64% and a catalyst selectivity of 51.70%, as determined byGas Chromatography-Flame Ionized Detector (GC-FID) analysis. These results indicate that the pillarization of bentonite with Al2O3, NiO, and MnO oxides significantly improved its physicochemical properties, activity, and selectivity in the catalytic conversion of ethanol to biogasoline compared to natural bentonite.
Maximize the total electric sale profit for a hybrid power plant with fifteen thermal units and a 100-MW solar photovoltaic farm under a 20-year power generation project Tran, Dao Trong; Nguyen, Thang Trung
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60943

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of two recently proposed meta-heuristic methods, the Weighted Average Algorithm (WAA) and Electric Eel Foraging Optimization (EEFO), to maximize the total profit of a hybrid power system. The considered system comprises fifteen thermal generating units (TGUs) and a 100-MW solar photovoltaic farm (SPP) operating over a 20-year period. Initially, the problem is solved under conditions of fixed load demand and rated power supply from the renewable energy source while accounting for prohibited operating zone constraint and system power losses. Comparative results obtained from both algorithms demonstrate that EEFO exhibits superior performance in terms of stability and convergence speed. Specifically, EEFO demonstrates a lower fluctuation in overall electricity generation cost (OEGC) across multiple independent runs compared to WAA. Furthermore, EEFO achieves better minimum, mean, and maximum OEGC values of $0.266, $58.890, and $214.225, respectively. Subsequently, EEFO is reapplied to maximize the profit of the hybrid power system, incorporating load demand variations and real solar radiation data. This analysis includes the evaluation of initial capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs for the SPP over the 20-year period. Current electricity and solar power prices are utilized to illustrate the cumulative profit over time. The results indicate that the hybrid system experienced the highest loss in the first year, with the minimum loss occurring after 9 years for the TGUs and 7 years for the SPP. Profitability is achieved after 10 years for the TGUs and 7 years for the SPP. The cumulative profit over 20 years amounts to $14.2 billion for the TGUs and $0.207 billion for the SPP, representing approximately 83% and 127% of their respective total costs.
Energy resource development in the DRC: A scenario planning for hydroelectric potential development by 2050 based on OSeMOSYS Kibungu, Benjamin Hodia; Ndaye, Bernard Nkanka; Ngonzo, Cush Luwesi; Tshimanga, Raphael Muamba; Badr, Esam
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61121

Abstract

Energy planning is a privileged scientific tool, enabling quantified analyses of the energy future of countries or regions of the world. These analyses provide a scientific basis for energy policies and implementation strategies. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), despite its considerable hydroelectric potential, makes little use of its resources due to various challenges, leaving a large part of the population without access to electricity, which hampers community and economic development. This article analyzes the opportunities for developing the hydroelectric potential of the DRC up to 2050. Using OSeMOSYS (Open-Source Energy Modelling System), prospective modelling was carried out to assess the technical, economic and environmental impacts of an ambitious energy scenario centered on hydropower (Scenario HYDRO).  The study develops an energy modelling approach for the DRC, considering demand, supply and energy policies, based on reliable data and aimed at optimizing the use of resources, in particular hydroelectric potential. The results indicate a potential installed capacity of 23 GW by 2050, dominated by hydropower (83%). This scenario meets the growing needs of national electrification, with 70% of the energy designated for the residential sector. The study highlights a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, estimated at 1,229 Mt cumulative by 2050. However, achieving these targets will require around USD 100 billion in investment. The results provide a sound basis for the development of energy policies in the DRC that will promote universal access to sustainable energy, reduce carbon emissions, reduce pressure on forests and ensure energy security. The results of this study recommend massive investment in hydropower, standardization of the electricity sector and improved data collection to achieve universal electrification and significantly reduce CO2 emissions in the DRC by 2050.
Impact of crosslinking on quaternary ammonium poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyquaternium-7 anion exchange membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells Samsudin, Asep Muhamad; Rokhati, Nur; Prasetya, Nor Basid Adiwibawa; Kumoro, Andri Cahyo; Anggoro, Didi Dwi; Nasher, Kharissa; Wahyudi, Dhiky; Roschger, Michaela; Hacker, Viktor
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60897

Abstract

Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (APEFCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for clean energy production. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) is an essential element of alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells for its role in facilitating hydroxide ion conduction. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of a glutaraldehyde-based crosslinker solution on the performance of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) fabricated using quaternary ammonium poly (vinyl alcohol) (QPVA) as the backbone polymer and polyquaternium-7 as the second polymer. The introduction of a glutaraldehyde-based crosslinking agent was purposed to enhance membrane stability and reduce excessive swelling. The study evaluates the impact of varying glutaraldehyde concentrations on membrane performance. FTIR analysis confirms the presence of key functional groups of QPVA, polyquaternium-7, and the crosslinking agent. SEM images reveal that the membranes demonstrate dense and homogeneous physical structure. The results show that water uptake, swelling degree, ion exchange capacity (IEC), and hydroxide conductivity are influenced by the concentration of the glutaraldehyde solution. The QP-GA-13 AEM exhibited the best overall performance, achieving the highest tensile strength of 31.1 MPa and the highest hydroxide ion conductivity of 4.15 mS cm⁻¹ at 70°C. In single-cell tests, this membrane delivered a maximum power density of 85 mW cm⁻² and a current density of 350 mA cm⁻² at 80°C under humidified oxygen conditions.
Multi-temporal forecasting of wind energy production using artificial intelligence models Bouabdallaoui, Doha; Haidi, Touria; Derri, Mounir; Hbiak, Ishak; El Jaadi, Mariam
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61086

Abstract

In response to changing energy demands, electricity suppliers are increasingly turning to sustainable energy sources, with wind power emerging as a promising solution. This study aims to predict wind energy production over four time horizons: hourly, daily, weekly, and monthly, for a 12,300 kW wind farm located in Northamptonshire, UK. We employed three artificial intelligence (AI) techniques: an ensemble of bagged decision trees, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and support vector machines (SVMs). The paper provides a comparative evaluation of AI-based forecasting techniques for wind energy prediction, highlighting differences in model performance across time horizons while emphasizing the strengths and limitations of each method in addressing the temporal variability of wind energy production. The models were tested over various times using important performance measures, such as the correlation coefficient (R), the coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and bias. The results indicate that support vector machines achieve the highest accuracy for medium-term forecasts, with a coefficient of determination of 0.9722 and a mean absolute error of 44.91 kW. Artificial neural networks perform best in short-term forecasting, particularly at the daily level, with a coefficient of determination of 0.948 and a mean absolute error of 36.04 kW. In contrast, long-term predictions exhibit greater variability across models, with the coefficient of determination decreasing to 0.778, reflecting the increased complexity of extended forecasting. The ensemble of bagged decision trees demonstrates strong predictive capability but with slightly higher error margins compared to support vector machines. The obtained results could serve as a reference for selecting the most suitable models based on forecasting objectives and time constraints. Future improvements in forecasting accuracy could happen by combining these models with optimization algorithms, especially for medium- and long-term predictions, where making accurate forecasts is still very difficult.

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