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International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.xxx.xxx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 709 Documents
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Hybrid renewable energy system design for a green port using HOMER Pro: A techno-economic assessment Dinh, Gia Huy; Pham, Minh Tuan; Tran, Nguyen Bao Minh; Tran, Cong Minh; Nguyen, Tat Quyen; Le, Thanh Tien; Nguyen, Hoang Phuong
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61344

Abstract

Maritime plays an important role in the national economy since a large number of goods in the world are transported by sea, although maritime transport is found to generate the largest greenhouse gas emission among transportation means. For maritime activities, the port is considered the key chain in logistics, thus, the transformation of ports into sustainable energy centres has emerged as a major need in the worldwide initiative to decarbonize marine activities. This research provides a comprehensive techno-economic evaluation of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) for Thi Nai Port, Vietnam, utilizing HOMER Pro software. The suggested system seeks to eradicate dependence on fossil fuels by including solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, a biogas generator, and sophisticated battery storage, therefore providing operational robustness. Simulation outcomes demonstrate that an ideal configuration, consisting of a 6,175-kW photovoltaic array, a 500-kW biogas generator, and a 2,357-kW converter, results in a net present cost of 44.6 million USD and a levelized cost of energy of 0.394 USD/kWh. Renewable sources constitute 100% of the installed and operational capacity, with yearly carbon dioxide emissions diminished to a modest 1,286 kg. The research verifies that hybrid renewable solutions may provide competitive economic returns, with a payback period of eight to ten years, while delivering substantial environmental advantages. The study portrays Thi Nai Port as a scalable paradigm for green port transformation, offering a repeatable framework for other mid-sized ports in Southeast Asia pursuing sustainable energy solutions.
Modeling and optimization of hybrid hydro-solar-wind systems for green hydrogen production in Togo Batablinlè, Lamboni; Kongnine, Damgou Mani; Panafeïkow, Petema; Kossi, Tepe; Yendoubé, Lare; Zakaria, Djibib; Lawin, Agnidé Emmanuel; Banna, Magolmeena
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61136

Abstract

This study examines the feasibility and optimization of hybrid hydro-solar-wind-hydrogen energy systems in Togo, focusing on seasonal variations and energy management. Data on solar radiation, wind speed, and hydropower were obtained from meteorological stations, satellite databases, and the Nangbéto station. The results of this study show that the energy management system at the Nangbéto dam could rely on hydrogen storage and a 2.75 MW fuel cell to balance seasonal fluctuations, while a ±3 MW battery would stabilize power output. During periods of high hydropower production, surplus energy could be converted into hydrogen to ensure a continuous supply during low-flow months. The flow fluctuates seasonally, ranging from 1.5–20 m³/s in dry months to over 120 m³/s in the wet season, affecting hydrogen production (5–25 kg/day). Electrolysis efficiency remains stable (65–85%) due to optimized management. The hydro-solar-wind hybrid system converts up to 20% of hydropower into hydrogen, with peak production in August (~1,700 kg/month). Selected sites over Togo, particularly Blitta and Alédjo, show potential for hydrogen infrastructure, with Blitta yielding the most hydrogen (532.15 kg annually) and Lomé the least (482.72 kg) due to differences in solar irradiance. The study highlights the role of energy storage, hybrid integration, and policy support to enhance Togo’s hydrogen production and long-term energy stability.
Numerical simulation of co-firing oil palm fronds and lignite coal injected at different burning rates in tangential pulverized coal burner Ihsan, Sobar; Prabowo, Prabowo; Widodo, Wawan Aries; Saputra, I Nyoman Agus Adi
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60982

Abstract

Reducing CO₂ emissions and utilizing biomass, particularly palm oil mill waste, is crucial for addressing climate change, enhancing air quality, and advancing environmentally sustainable clean technology innovations. Palm fronds can serve as a renewable fuel source with minimal emissions, providing a viable co-firing option for coal in coal-fired power plants (PLTU). Although previous studies have shown promising CO₂ emission reductions through co-combustion of oil palm fronds and coal, there is still no comprehensive analysis of the combustion characteristics and emission behavior when varying the burner injection zone, thus further research is required. This study performs a numerical analysis using three-dimensional computational-fluid dynamics (CFD) to examine the co-burning process of palm fronds alongside low-calorie coal (LRC) at the Pacitan PLTU, which has a capacity of 315 megawatts. The co-burning simulation, incorporating a 5% substitution of palm fronds in each burner, was conducted to differentiate between burners A and D, aiming to determine the optimum injection area. The findings of the simulation reveal inconsistencies in combustion properties, particularly regarding temperature allocation. The primary results demonstrate a temperature rise when palm fronds are used as a co-firing fuel, attributed to their greater volatility and oxygen content compared to coal. The most notable decrease in CO₂ emissions was observed with the substitution of 5% oil palm fronds in burner B; however, the reduction was not substantial, as indicated by a mass fraction value of 0.128 at the boiler discharge. An increase in NOx mass fraction was also observed due to the organic nitrogen in palm frond biomass, which decomposes rapidly during combustion at high temperatures. This co-firing technology is expected to provide a means for lowering emissions and improving the use of alternative fuels as a substitution for fossil fuels in a time to come.
Characterization of a geothermal system in the shallow structure of Seulawah volcano, Indonesia, using transient electromagnetic methods Marwan, Marwan; Yanis, Muhammad; Abdullah, Faisal; Adhari, Muhammad Ridha; Nugraha, Gartika; Paembonan, Andri Yadi; Idroes, Rinaldi; Yusuf, Muhammad; Dharma, Dian Budi; Muzakir, Muzakir; Saputra, Deni; Ghani, Azman Abdul
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60766

Abstract

Seulawah volcano, located in Sumatra, Indonesia, is renowned for its geothermal potential, a crucial source of cleaner energy for Indonesia’s future growth and security. Available studies of Seulawah volcano primarily focus on its general geological, geochemical, and regional characteristics, with limited research on its shallow subsurface conditions. This study aimed to fill this research gap and enhance our understanding of the geothermal system of Seulawah volcano. There are two objectives of this study: (1) to conduct a transient electromagnetic (TEM) survey across the study area and (2) to better visualize and characterize the shallow subsurface conditions of the geothermal system of Seulawah volcano. The TEM method, which employed 60 stations (with distances between stations ranging from 0.5 to 1 km) and intersected several geothermal manifestations as well as local and regional faults, was used to achieve the objectives of this study. The Occam algorithm was applied for 1D inversion of TEM data, which was then validated using magnetotelluric data. The results of this study indicate that the geothermal system of Seulawah volcano has the potential to generate up to 230 Mwe of electrical energy. Moreover, the shallow depth (<200m) of Seulawah volcano is dominated by a resistive zone, which is interpreted to be related to the basaltic rocks of the Lamteuba Formation. The reservoir layer is located at depths of 200–500 m, exhibiting moderate resistivity values of >10 Ωm. At a depth of 500 m, a conductive layer with resistivity values <10 Ωm was observed, interpreted as a clay cap where fluids from the reservoir layer accumulate. Validation with magnetotelluric data shows results consistent with the TEM data, confirming that the findings of this study are reliable. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the geothermal system of Seulawah volcano and are expected to support the development of greener, renewable energy sources for Indonesia.
Optimal hydropower potential assessment in semi-arid regions El Kasimi, Imane; Hasnaoui, Moulay Driss; Khomsi, Driss; Bouziane, Ahmed; Aboulhassane, Amal
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60831

Abstract

While hydropower is a cornerstone of global renewable energy strategies, its development in semi-arid regions remains insufficiently explored. Limited and highly variable water availability often discourages comprehensive assessments of its potential. In particular, run-of-river hydropower, despite its environmental and economic advantages, remains largely underexplored in these contexts due to its sensitivity to flow variability. This study evaluates the theoretical hydropower potential of run-of-river schemes within the semi-arid Grou watershed, a major tributary of the Bouregreg river in Morocco, with a focus on optimizing energy production under dry hydrological conditions. Hydrological modeling was applied using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), enabling the generation of flow-duration curves across the river network. These curves were then used to develop energy-duration curves, allowing for the identification of multiple optimal design flows. Consequently, instead of relying on a single turbine, the study explores the deployment of modular turbines per plant, each tailored to specific flow regimes, thereby expanding the range of exploitable run-of-river hydropower. Results indicate an untapped hydropower potential of approximately 32.4 MW per meter of head, with outputs of 31.5 MW, 783.3 kW, and 98.9 kW for high, moderate, and low flows, respectively. These findings highlight the feasibility of run-of-river hydropower in semi-arid regions and underscore the importance of adaptive turbine systems in enhancing sustainable energy production, specifically in water-scarce environments such as Morocco.
Development of FeCo/C and AgFeCo/C cathode catalysts for xylitol membraneless alkaline fuel cells Dampat, Supansa; Intachai, Sonchai; Yingngam, Bancha; Chaiburi, Chakkrapong
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61196

Abstract

In the study, researchers developed and characterized xylitol membraneless alkaline fuel cell catalysts—namely FeCo/C, AgFeCo/C, and Pd/C—for cathodes and anodes. The first part of our investigation details the catalysts' morphology and elemental composition. STEM, EDS, and EDS mapping confirmed that the catalysts exhibited a small, lumpy structure, with the alloy well-dispersed across the support material. The X-ray diffraction pattern for the cathode catalyst reveals that the spectral lines corresponding to the Ag metal peak at a 2θ maximum of 38.12 degrees exhibit a 111 pattern, suggesting the existence of Ag metal particles in a face-centered cubic (fcc) arrangement. Meanwhile, the metal peaks for Fe3O4 and Co3O4 appear at maximum 2θ positions of 35.45 and 30.09 degrees, respectively, displaying 311 and 220 patterns, which indicate the presence of Fe3O4 and Co3O4 particles with spinel cubic structures. In the case of the anode catalyst, the spectral line for the Pd metal peak at a 2θ maximum of 40.12 degrees shows a 111 pattern, confirming the presence of Pd metal particles with a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. Second, to determine the electrocatalytic properties, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were conducted with xylitol as the fuel, utilizing concentrations between 0.1 and 0.5 M in 0.1 M KOH. For the cathode-side FeCo/C and AgFeCo/C catalysts, oxidation resistance was observed, and the reduction reaction diminished with increasing xylitol concentration, attributed to interfering non-conductive hydrocarbons. Conversely, Pd/C catalysts exhibited remarkable catalytic performance, particularly at 0.1 M xylitol solution, where the oxidation peak current density reached a maximum of 0.9 mA·cm⁻² at -0.09 V. Finally, the researchers reported that the Pd/C-AgFeCo/C catalyst achieved the highest current density of 0.36 A·m⁻² and a maximum power density of 0.129 W·m⁻² for xylitol fuel cell applications.
Influence of profile geometry on the self-starting capability of an H-Darrieus turbine Rogelio, Martínez Oropeza; García, J.C.; Gómez, Laura Castro; Vera-Wilimek, Itzel; Jaramillo, Ó.A.; Ramirez, Jose Omar Davalos
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61124

Abstract

To spread the use of Wind H-Darrieus turbines to electricity generation in urban or rural environments is necessary to improve some of its main drawbacks such as: aerodynamic efficiency, self-starting capability and torque fluctuations. The aims of this study are to enhance the aerodynamic efficiency and self-starting capability of an H-Darrieus turbine through wind tunnel tests combined using a 3D numerical study using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The NREL S815 profile and four modified versions were evaluated, including one with a 19.2% increase in thickness and three chord-to-diameter ratios: ????/????=0.15, 0.20, and 0.225. These configurations were tested at wind speeds of 6 and 8 m/s. Static torque was measured experimentally, alongside numerical calculations of flow and pressure distribution. A significant correlation between chord length and turbine performance was observed. The ????/????=0.20 profile exhibited increases of up to 50.27% and 58.88% in static torque at 6 and 8 m/s, respectively. The static torque coefficient increased from 0.0063 in the original profile to 0.0447 in the C/D=0.20 profile, directly contributing to the improvement of self-starting capability. Although the ????/????=0.20 geometry showed improvements, the C/D=0.225 profile did not show additional performance gains, indicating that further increases in chord length do not improve turbine performance. The profile modified with a 19.2% increase in thickness ranked just below the ????/????=0.2 profile, exhibiting torque increases of 41% and 25.22% at 6 and 8 m/s, respectively. These findings confirm that chord-to-diameter ratio adjustments play a critical role in boosting torque generation in vertical-axis wind turbines.
A bilevel zonal dispatch strategy considering electric vehicle users' demand response Ji, Zhenya; Zhang, Yuyang; Wang, Zheng; Liu, Lulu; Li, Hao
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61159

Abstract

With the growing global energy crisis and environmental problems, the large-scale deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) and various types of distributed renewable energy sources has become an important measure to promote sustainable development in China's power sector. However, the rapid increase in the penetration rate of these distributed resources has gradually increased the operational pressure on distribution networks. To effectively address this issue, this paper proposes a two-layer partitioned optimization scheduling strategy for the distribution network layer and the aggregation layer, considering the price-based demand response of EV users. The upper distribution network layer focuses on its own low-carbon and economic operation, establishing a low-carbon economic optimization scheduling model for the distribution network layer to allocate global resources and formulate energy interaction strategies and constraints between aggregation areas based on this. The lower layer first constructs a comprehensive partitioning scheme considering the electrical distance between nodes, the dispatchable potential of EVs, and the power balance of distributed resources. Then, aiming at the economic operation of the aggregation area itself, it establishes a price-based demand response model for EV users to achieve optimal scheduling of distributed resources in the aggregation layer. This study aims to achieve the economic and low-carbon operation of distribution networks through reasonable scheduling strategies, while meeting the charging needs of EVs and improving the utilization efficiency of distributed resources. Simulation results show that the proposed two-layer scheduling strategy can effectively mobilize distributed resources in the distribution network to meet the needs of system economic operation. After optimization at the distribution network layer, the daily operating cost is reduced from 11,551.88 yuan to 6,220.84 yuan, significantly improving economic benefits. Electric vehicles have achieved a reduction of 21.1% in load peak shaving. In conclusion, the two-layer partitioned optimization scheduling strategy proposed in this paper can effectively utilize distributed resources in distribution networks, reduce operation costs, and achieve economic and low-carbon operation of distribution networks.
Free hydrogen-deoxygenation of waste cooking oil into green diesel over Ni-Marble waste catalyst: Optimization and economic analysis Anggoro, Didi Dwi; Prasetyoko, Didik; Hartati, Hartati; Zakaria, Zaki Yamani; Le Monde, Brilliant Umara; Nurdiani, Maulida
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 6 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61241

Abstract

Diversifying energy through alternative sources, such as biofuels, is a practical and accessible option in Indonesia. This study aimed to optimize the yield of biofuel (green diesel) using Ni/marble waste as a catalyst. Deoxygenation offers a promising route for converting waste cooking oil (WCO) into valuable products. A Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to assess the effects of key variables on the deoxygenation process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The variables included reaction time (2–6 h), reaction temperature (360–380 °C), and catalyst weight (1–3% w/w), with conversion percentage as the response. The results showed that reaction time and catalyst weight significantly influenced WCO deoxygenation (p < 0.05). The optimum conditions for maximum conversion were a reaction temperature of 373.64 °C, a catalyst weight of 3.45% w/w, and a reaction time of 4.35 h. Under these conditions, hydrocarbon selectivity reached 92.26%. Paraffins were the dominant fraction, confirming that the Ni/marble catalyst efficiently promoted deoxygenation with high selectivity toward C15–C18 hydrocarbons. These findings align with the proposed reaction mechanism, which involves decarboxylation, decarbonylation, and hydrodeoxygenation pathways. An economic evaluation under optimal conditions estimated a profit of $1.0469 per batch, demonstrating that converting waste cooking oil into green diesel is both technically feasible and economically attractive. Overall, integrating waste-derived catalysts with optimized deoxygenation technology provides a sustainable and profitable solution.
Electrical and morphological variations with sintering temperature of electron transport layer in perovskite solar cell Abd Mutalib, Muhazri; Ahmad Ludin, Norasikin; Barrioz, Vincent; Sepeai, Suhaila; Su’ait, Mohd Sukor; Mustaffa, Muhammad Ubaidah Syafiq; Chelvanathan, Puvaneswaran
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60813

Abstract

The typical PSCs essentially made up of electron transporting material (compact and mesoporous), perovskite absorber layer and hole transporting material. The compact TiO2 primary function is allow the movement of photogenerated electron to the device circuit from the active layer and to block the photogenerated holes from recombination at TCO substrate. Mesoporous TiO2 mainly functions to receive the photogenerated charge from the perovskite absorber and enable thicker formation of perovskite absorber due to the voids in the TiO2 mesoscopic framework. Many studies have implemented 500 ℃ as the standard in sintering the TiO2 layer. However, the effects of sintering temperature of ETL TiO2 have never been systematically described in terms of morphology and photoelectrochemical properties.  In this manuscript, we have studied the morphological and photoelectrochemical properties of ETM TiO2 thin film prepared at different sintering temperature. Spin coated TiO2 layers were examined using X-ray Diffraction for crystal structure and phase identification, FESEM for morphological analysis, UV-Vis Spectroscopy for optical absorbance and transmittance of light and PEC test for LSV, EIS and TPC analyses. Surface roughness was not a major influencing factor of photocurrent density rather than the anatase phase of the TiO2 thin film is more important. It was revealed that at 500 ℃, the TiO2 thin film possess the highest photocurrent density with good stability and lowest charge transfer and series resistance. Higher sintering temperature of 550 ℃, would introduce lattice defects in the TiO2 thin film which will reduce photocurrent density and increase resistance. This work offers a systematic evaluation of the ETL in terms of morphological and photoelectrochemical properties, which can be applied when selecting suitable material for ETL in perovskite solar devices.

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