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H Hadiyanto
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hadiyanto@che.undip.ac.id
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ijred@live.undip.ac.id
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CBIORE office, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH-Tembalang Semarang
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INDONESIA
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.xxx.xxx
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
Articles 709 Documents
Harnessing renewable energy and technological innovation to alleviate energy poverty in least developed countries: A pathway toward low-carbon and sustainable development Hossain, Ramisa Rutbata; Qamruzzaman, Md; Mindia, Piana Monsur
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61274

Abstract

Energy poverty remains a critical developmental challenge in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). However, existing literature tends to examine renewable energy, technological innovation, and carbon emissions separately, often overlooking their interconnected impact on energy poverty. Addressing this significant research gap, the present study investigates the combined roles of renewable energy consumption (REC), technological innovation (TI), and CO₂ emissions in alleviating energy poverty in LDCs from 2000 to 2020. Specifically, the study explores: (1) how renewable energy consumption influences energy poverty reduction; (2) the extent to which technological innovation improves energy accessibility and affordability; and (3) the impact of carbon emissions on pathways to reducing energy poverty. Utilizing advanced econometric methods on an extensive panel dataset, the findings reveal that a 10% increase in REC reduces energy poverty by approximately 0.814% to 1.105%, underscoring renewable energy’s vital role in providing sustainable and affordable energy access. Similarly, technological innovation significantly mitigates energy poverty; a 10% improvement in TI results in a 1.215% to 1.564% decrease in energy deprivation, highlighting innovation’s potential to overcome infrastructural barriers in energy delivery. Furthermore, a 10% reduction in CO₂ emissions correlates with a 0.914% to 1.399% decline in energy poverty, reinforcing that low-carbon strategies effectively promote both environmental sustainability and equitable energy access. This study uniquely integrates these factors, offering novel empirical insights into their collective influence on energy poverty in low-income contexts—an area previously underexplored. The findings emphasize the urgent need for coordinated policy frameworks and targeted investments in renewable energy infrastructure and technological innovation. Such integrated strategies are essential to simultaneously address energy poverty and environmental challenges, fostering sustainable, low-carbon growth trajectories aligned with the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Parametric and characteristic evaluation of microwave-assisted pyrolysis for the generation of biochar from Dodonaea viscosa branches Shakir, Safa Waleed; Al-Yaqoobi, Atheer Mohammad
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61186

Abstract

This investigation focused on assessing the feasibility of biochar production through microwave pyrolysis of Dodonaea viscosa branches. It considered the role of various important parameters, such as the power levels, biomass particle sizes, and the duration of pyrolysis, on both the yield and the quality of the obtained biochar. The assessment was conducted within a 25-minute pyrolysis time frame. The study also looked at how the yield of biochar changed over time. The results showed that the maximum biochar yield was obtained under conditions where the biomass particles were large (2–2.5 mm) and the power levels low (130 W). However, the yield was reduced when the biomass particles (0.5–1 mm) under higher power (650 W) were used. It was found that the yield of particles 2–2.5 mm dropped from 82% for 5 minutes at 130 W to 49.8% for 25 minutes. Further research has examined the dynamics of power variation on biochar characteristics. Several types of analysis were used to find out the surface area and pore volume. These included energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The EDX analysis showed an increment in carbon to 89.7%, accompanied by a decrease in oxygen percentage to 4.9% under higher power. The SEM scan showed a tremendous improvement in pore formation corresponding to higher power. The XRD test showed that biochar went from being crystalline to being amorphous when compared to the native Dodonaea viscosa branch. At 520 W for 25 minutes, the surface area increased from 3.034 m²/g to 21.634 m²/g, while the pore diameter increased from 2.653 nm to 13.215 nm, showing an improvement in pore density. The results realized that the biochar obtained from microwave pyrolysis of Dodonaea viscosa branches has certain characteristics that make it useful for several purposes, like electricity production, water and gas treatment, soil improvement, and carbon dioxide gas reduction.
Mapping the research landscape of energy market and renewable energy: A bibliometric analysis Mohamad, Abdul Hayy Haziq; Ab-Rahim, Rossazana
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61058

Abstract

This bibliometric analysis examines the research landscape of "Renewable Energy" and "Energy Markets" from 2000 to 2023, with a specific focus on emerging trends during 2023 to 2024. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of bibliometric tools to analyse keywords, global contributions, thematic evolution, and future research directions. Using data extracted from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS), the study employs advanced bibliometric techniques, including keyword and term co-occurrence mapping through VosViewer. The findings reveal significant growth in research output in recent years, with 29 percent of Scopus and 44 percent of Web of Science publications produced during 2023 to 2024. China and the United States lead global contributions, while Malaysia and India exhibit rapid growth, each contributing more than 70 percent of their research in this period. Keyword analysis shows blockchain technologies, microgrids, and peer-to-peer energy trading as dominant themes, reflecting the rise of decentralised and digital energy systems. Thematic clusters underscore the convergence of technological innovation, policy frameworks, economic modelling, and regional strategies. Co-authorship networks reveal active collaboration across Asia-Pacific and European countries. Journal articles are the primary output type, with early-access publications highlighting the urgency of disseminating new findings. This study provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the evolving discourse in renewable energy and energy markets. It offers actionable insights for researchers and policymakers while identifying underexplored areas that merit further investigation. The results support interdisciplinary approaches to addressing global energy challenges and advancing sustainable energy transitions.
Natural pigment-based dye-sensitized solar cells utilizing Caulerpa racemose and Gymnogongrus flabelliformis as photosensitizers Unwakoly, Semuel; Liliasari, Liliasari; Hartati, Sri; Munawaroh, Heli Siti H; Arramel, Arramel; Rusliani, Prima Fitri; Prima, Eka Cahya
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61083

Abstract

This research examines natural dyes' chemical and physical characteristics for potential use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Chlorophyll pigments were extracted from two macroalgae species, Caulerpa racemosa and Gymnogongrus flabelliformis, and analyzed using absorbance spectroscopy, band gap energy calculations, and dye-sensitized solar cell performance evaluation. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) characterisation was used to identify the pigments contained in the dye. The absorbance spectra of chlorophyll pigments extracted from both macroalgae species showed broad peaks at 400–800 nm wavelengths, with Gymnogongrus flabelliformis showing the highest absorbance peak at 403 nm. The redox potential analysis for both macroalgae species showed energy gaps (HOMO/LUMO) of 1.3 eV, 1.4 eV, 2.3 eV, and 2.4 eV, respectively, indicating that these natural dyes are suitable for use in DSSC applications. DSSC devices were fabricated using components such as liquid electrolyte, mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photoelectrode, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as counter electrode, and ITO glass as conductive substrate. Meanwhile, to evaluate how well the photovoltaic system worked, we looked at short-circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and overall photoelectric conversion efficiency (η). The results showed that the highest performance for Gymnogongrus flabelliformis was Jsc 0.041 mA/cm², Voc 0.28 V, FF 0.239, and η 0.020%, while the highest performance of Caulerpa racemosa was Jsc 0.023 mA/cm², Voc 0.46 V, FF 0.244, and η 0.019%. These findings indicate the potential for using and developing natural dyes derived from these two macroalgae species in DSSC technology. This research offers insight into the feasibility of marine-derived pigments as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative for photovoltaic applications.
Simultaneous effect of precursor sources and concentration on structural, morphological and optical properties of ZnO nanostructured thin films for photovoltaic applications Ako, Ognanmi; Baneto, Mazabalo; Senthilkumar, Muthusamy; Haris, Muthiah; Gboglo, Alphonse Déssoudji; Gadedjisso-Tossou, Komlan Segbéya; Ahyi, Ayayi Claude; Beltako, Katawoura; Amou, Komi Apélété
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61069

Abstract

The collection and transport of charges at the electrodes are the main factors limiting the efficiency of organic solar cells. Zinc oxide (ZnO) in nanostructured form helps to overcome this problem by introducing a ZnO buffer layer between the photoanode and the donor material. To achieve this, the ZnO thin film must exhibit good crystallinity, along with good electrical conductivity and high optical transparency in the visible range. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of precursor sources and precursor concentrations on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of ZnO thin films. Three different precursor sources have been used: zinc acetate, zinc chloride and zinc nitrate. In each deposition solution, the precursor concentration varied from 0.1 M to 0.3 M.  The ZnO films were deposited on glass substrates and all the films were annealed at 400°C for 3 hours. The structural, morphological and optical properties of deposited films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-visible spectroscopy respectively. XRD results showed that, regardless of the precursor source, all the ZnO films are polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. ZnO films obtained from acetate and nitrate sources crystallize preferentially along (002) and the peak intensity increases as the precursor concentration increases. SEM images showed that all the ZnO films are homogeneous, but films deposited from zinc acetate and zinc nitrate looked more compact and smoother than those obtained with zinc chloride which looked porous. UV-visible spectroscopy results revealed that the films transmittance depends both on precursor source and concentration. ZnO thin films deposited from zinc acetate at 0.3M concentration exhibit the best transmittance of 95% due to their smooth and uniform surfaces. The band gap of ZnO obtained from the zinc acetate precursor decreases with increasing solution concentration. It is found to be 3.29 eV, 3.26 eV, and 3.22 eV for concentrations of 0.1 M, 0.2 M, and 0.3 M, respectively. It therefore appears that ZnO films obtained from zinc acetate can be used as an electron transport layer for solar cells as they exhibit the best crystallinity and the highest transmittance.
Bio-briquettes from tea fluff biochar: a response surface methodology study on particle size, resin gum-adhesive, and used cooking oil immersion time Suryajaya, Suryajaya; Agustian, Egi; Haryanti, Ninis Hadi; Prasetia, Hafiizh; Rahmah, Siti; Kurniawan, Hendris Hendarsyah; Wianto, Totok; Ramadhoni, Benni F; Manik, Tetti Novalina; Annisa, Nova; Rezamela, Erdiansyah; Sulaswatty, Anny
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60877

Abstract

Fluff tea is the residual solid waste generated in the green tea industry and holds the potential for development as a solid fuel in bio-briquettes. This study transformed fluff tea into bio-briquettes utilizing biochar produced through slow pyrolysis. The study aimed to optimize bio-briquettes production from fluff tea using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach through proximate analysis. The cylindrical bio-briquettes were produced using biochar particle sizes of 850, 500, and 150 μm, resin gum adhesive concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, and immersion times in cooking oil of 0, 3, and 6 minutes. The results showed that the overall response by the p-value was <0.05, and the lack of fit was insignificant (p-value >0.05). The findings indicated that the calorific value of tea fluff rose from 4,482.56 cal/g to 6,374.98 cal/g after conversion to biochar. The optimum conditions for producing tea fluff bio-briquettes were a particle size of 850 μm, adhesive concentration of 11%, and immersion time of 5 minutes. The bio-briquettes exhibited a moisture content of 3.53%, ash content of 5.65%, volatile matter of 14.75%, fixed carbon of 76.14%, calorific value of 7,796.37 cal/g, combustion rate of 0.11 g/min, density of 1.22 g/cm3, and compressive strength of 35.57 N/cm2. Most tea fluff briquettes' properties had met Indonesia's briquettes standard. The production of bio-briquettes from tea fluff waste is a viable alternative fuel for both industrial and domestic applications.
Toward eco-friendly dye-sensitized solar cells: Developing chitosan-based electrolytes with conducting polymers and ionic liquids Hatmanto, Adhi Dwi; Puspitaningrum, Indah; Christina Tefa, Yoan Nikita; Santosa, Sri Juari; Kartini, Indriana
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61085

Abstract

Optimization of chitosan-based gel electrolytes modified with conducting polymers and ionic liquids for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) has been done to improve its electrochemical activity. The effects of iodide salts, 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (PMII), and polyaniline incorporation on the electrochemical properties of chitosan-based electrolyte, as well as its performance as a quasi-solid electrolyte in DSSC, were systematically investigated. A study on the effect of different iodide salts on the electrochemical properties of the electrolyte was conducted by employing various iodide salts (lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, or cesium iodide). Electrolytes with various amounts of PMII and polyaniline were also prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) analysis were conducted to study the effect of iodide salts, PMII, and polyaniline on the change in intermolecular interaction of the chitosan matrix. The ionic conductivity and the redox activity of the chitosan-based electrolyte were respectively evaluated using conductometry and cyclic voltammetry analysis. It is found that the larger cation size of the iodide salts and a higher amount of PMII resulted in both higher intensity of the redox peak current and conductivity of the electrolyte. Those two characteristics increase with the presence of polyaniline, but the low transparency of this polyaniline-based electrolyte lowers the solar cell’s efficiency. The highest performance DSSC utilizing a chitosan/KI-PMII based electrolyte resulted in a Voc of 0.402 V, Jsc of 0.335 mA/cm², fill factor (FF) of 0.432, and an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.058%. This efficiency is approximately one-third that of the conventional liquid electrolyte-based DSSC. The optimized chitosan-based electrolyte offers promising performance in replacing the low-stability liquid electrolyte-based DSSC.
Accurate SRT-BGK model evaluation of heatlines visualization and entropy generation of convective heat transfer inside an inclined U cavity receiver as application of solar thermal energy systems Naffouti, Taoufik; Thamri, Lamia
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60842

Abstract

The present study analyzes thermal and dynamic fields, heatlines visualization and entropy generation as well as flow energy, flow rate and heat transfer through a natural convection flow inside a top-open cavity receiver. For the case of a horizontal cavity, lower walls are heated at a uniform temperature while vertical walls are treated as adiabatic. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is applied to solve governing equations of the problem. Effects of Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 105), cavity orientation (0° ≤ θ ≤ 75) and cavity aspect ratio (1 ≤ A ≤ 1.75) on thermo-fluid characteristics of the flow are performed. It was found that current findings computed by LBM are in line with existing literature. Findings reveal that flow patterns and heat transfer are strongly affected by variations of Ra, θ and A. The rise of Ra leads to a change in the orientation of heatlines trajectories with a growth of the stratification degree of entropy generation within the horizontal square cavity. Additionally, an enhancement of the convective heat transfer is detected as increasing Ra accompanied with more energy absorbed by the flow and an intensification of the entrainment phenomenon of fresh air by thermal plumes. For Ra = 5×104, the optimization of heat transfer and total entropy generation demonstrate the existence of a critical angle of the square cavity receiver corresponding to the cavity orientation of θ = 45°.Increasingthe angle θ reduces the stratification degree of heatlines and entropy generation as well as the flow rate. The rise of the geometrical parameter A entrains an increase of thermal gradients with a deceleration of the flow circulation. A decrease of flow rate and convective heat transfer with the growth of the aspect ratio of a horizontal cavity is detected for Ra = 5×104.
Cotton-derived biochar fibers modified by doping Al2O3 and MgSO4 for application to hydrogen storage Mopoung, Sumrit; Singse, Wanvilai
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61128

Abstract

Biochar fiber and activated biochar fibers from cotton fiber were prepared by carbonization at 400-700°C and activation with 5 wt.% Al2O3 and MgSO4, respectively. The final products were characterized by BET, FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDS. The hydrogen storage of the final products at 1.5 bar pressure and room temperature was studied. The objective of this research was to study the effects of Al2O3 or MgSO4 on activation and doping of Al or Mg compounds on cotton fibers and hydrogen storage of products at low pressure and room temperature. The results showed that the surface areas, micropore volumes, and average pore sizes developed well with increasing carbonization temperatures from 400°C to 700°C. In addition, the surface functional groups such as OH, C=O, COOH and C-O-C were also more developed with increasing carbonization temperature. Furthermore, the results confirmed that MgO or Al2O3 accumulated on the surface of the composites. The results of hydrogen storage showed that hydrogen uptake capacity due to spillover mechanism increased with increasing of carbonization temperature from 400°C to 700°C during the preparation of biochar fiber and activated biochar fibers. The hydrogen capacity at room temperature and 1.5 bar fell within the range of 0.32-0.44 wt.%, 0.45-0.52 wt.%, and 0.59-0.63 wt.% for biochar fiber, Mg-activated biochar fibers, and Al-activated biochar fibers, respectively. This is because hydrogen molecules bonded on the surface of the products with physisorption. Therefore, hydrogen desorbs even at low temperature. It was concluded that metal biochar fibers made from cotton fiber with doping and activation by Al2O3 and MgSO2 at 400-700°C are candidate adsorbers for hydrogen storage under 1.5 bar and room temperature with fast kinetics (within 30 min), quite high sorption selectivity/capacity (up 0.63 wt.%), and sorption stability/reversibility (at room temperature and 80°C).
Experimental investigation of the cooling effect in an autonomous-orienting conventional solar still Maliani, Oussama Drissi; Guissi, Khalid; Errais, Reda; Baali, El Houssain; El Fellah, Younes
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60704

Abstract

This study aims to assess the cooling effect of the condensing glass cover in a high-temperature conventional solar still (CSS) that dynamically operates, continuously changing its orientation to track the sun from sunrise to sunset. The solar distiller was integrated with a 2-axis solar tracking system assisted by a parabolic trough concentrator (PTC). Throughout the day, the CSS adjusts its orientation while the PTC maintains constant focus on the absorber at the bottom of the still, thereby enhancing the evaporation processes. Simultaneously, the planned cooling processes of the top glass cover are in operation. The impact of two different cooling techniques was investigated. The first one consisted of flowing cooling water over the condensing glass of the PTC-CSS, while the second technique aimed to submerge the entire condensing cover using a modified basin. The analysis revealed positive impact regarding the CSS performance with condensing surface cooling compared to the tubular solar still (TSS). Flowing water had a limited effect on reducing the glass cover's temperature, resulting in only a 2°C decrease. Nonetheless, this yielded 4050 ml/day, marking a 12.16% increase. The second technique widened the water–glass temperature difference, leading to an improvement in productivity up to 6120 ml/day, which is 69.48% higher than that achieved with no cooling. Overall efficiency of the device can be assessed as moderate to low, owing to the high temperature of the condensing cover that continues to be the most significant constraint for the CSS associated with PTC.

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