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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia
Published by Universitas Tidar
ISSN : 1979897X     EISSN : 23548797     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31002/jtoi
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia is published periodically twice a year. Result or review written by researcher from university or research Institute. Journal TOI has had an ISSN print version since 2008 and has an online Volume 6 number 1 year 2013.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 81 Documents
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Immunomodulator Activity of the n-Hexane Extract of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore.) Steenis) Leaves and Determination of Total Flavonoid Content Perdana Priya Haresmita; Cut Dewi Bunga; Luluc Rianawati; Nisa Fitriyani; Nurkhayati Nurkhayati; Bilqis Rahil Azizah; Adi Hermawansyah; Missya Putri Kurnia Pradani
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jtoi.v18i2.2802

Abstract

Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore.) Steenis) is one of the efficacious wild plants among us that has atherapeutic agent in the treatment of various diseases. This is influenced by secondary metabolite compoundsin the plant, especially flavonoids compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine theimmunomodulatory effect of n-hexane extract of Binahong leaves and determine total flavonoid contentcontained in Binahong leaves. The selected test animals were 25 mice divided into 5 different groups, eachgroup had 5 mice with a positive control, solvent control and a dose group of 25mg/kgBW, 50mg/kgBW and75mg/kgBW. One Way ANOVA test was used to compare immunomodulatory activity data with phagocytosiscapacity and phagocytosis index parameters. The research proved that n-hexane extract of Binahong leaves ata dose of 75mg/kgBW provided significant immunomodulatory activity with a significance value of p<0.05.The extract contains components of secondary metabolite flavonoid based on qualitative testing with colourreagents, namely FeCl3, NaOH and HCl with Magnesium (Mg) and the total flavonoid content was 3,370%calculated as quercetin. Keywords: Binahong, Immunomodulator, Macrophage, Phagocytosis, Total Flavonoid Content
Sidik Jari KLT dan Evaluasi Aktivitas Inhibisi Xantin Oksidase Ekstrak Etanol Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia) Berdasarkan Umur Tanam Berbeda Ade Heri Mulyati; Tamimah Shafwatul Ishlah; Dea Silviani; Taopik Ridwan; Auliya Ilmiawati; Alfi Hudatul Karomah; Mohamad Rafi
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jtoi.v18i2.1366

Abstract

Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia) belongs to the family Malvaceae and is used in traditional medicine to treat skindiseases, diarrhea, malaria, fever, and gout. These activities are caused by the presence of bioactivemetabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins. Several factors, including harvestage, could affect the metabolite composition and concentration in a plant. In this study, the TLC fingerprint ofS. rhombifolia at planting ages of 3, 4, and 5 months was determined and in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitoryactivity was evaluated. The TLC fingerprints obtained from the three planting ages had similar patterns. Thereare 11 compound bands with different color intensities at each planting age. Principal component analysis candifferentiate S. rhombifolia by planting age using TLC fingerprint analysis, with a total PC of 99%. The resultsof xanthine oxidase inhibition showed that the S. rhombifolia ethanol extract at 3, 4, and 5 months of plantingage inhibited the enzyme activity, with percent inhibitions of 45.37%, 44.72%, and 6.87%, respectively, at aconcentration of 100 ppm. Different planting ages of sidaguri are thought to contain varying concentrationsof compounds, as indicated by TLC fingerprints, and to result in different levels of xanthine oxidase inhibition. Kata kunci: sidaguri, TLC fingerprints, PCA, xanthine oxidase
Evaluasi Metode Penyimpanan untuk Mempertahankan Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih Kapulaga (Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton) Putri Azhar Khamiliya; Maryati Sari; Okti Syah Isyani Permatasari
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jtoi.v18i2.2493

Abstract

Storage is one of the post-harvest treatments carried out to maintain seed quality. Cardamom seeds arerecalcitrant seeds that require high moisture content during storage. The research aims to obtain the rightstorage method for maintaining the viability and vigor of cardamom seeds (Amomum compactum Sol. ExMeton; sin. A. cardamomum Roxb.). This study used a factorial, Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).The first factor is the storage method, which consists of 4 levels: seed storage with capsules in plasticpackaging, with capsules in paper packaging, without capsules in plastic packaging, and without capsules inpaper packaging. The second factor is the storage period consisting of 4 levels, namely seeds stored for 1, 2,3, and 4 weeks. Observations were made on seed moisture content, germination, growth rate, meangermination time, and maximum growth potential. The results showed that Cardamom seeds retained withtheir capsules experienced a faster deterioration when it was stored in plastic packaging. Seeds withcapsules in plastic packaging had a seedling percentage of 35%, significantly lower than other treatments(51-58%) at 4 weeks of storage. Cardamom seeds can be stored in paper or plastic packaging when theseeds are extracted with noting that the use of paper packaging caused a decrease in seed moisture contentfrom 27.4% to 21.5−22.2%, while the use of plastic packaging can maintain seed moisture content of26.1−26.5%. Keywords: Amomum cardamomum Roxb., capsule, packaging material, permeability, recalsitrant seed,Zingiberaceae
Mucolytic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Red Hanjuang Leaves (Cordyline fruticosa L.): An In Vitro Study Using Duck Egg White as a Simulated Mucus Model Vera Nurviana; Vilsa Purnama; Tresna Lestari
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jtoi.v18i2.2698

Abstract

Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) is an infectious condition involving the upper and lower respiratorytract, with one of the symptoms being a cough with phlegm. Conventional treatment usually involves theuse of mucolytic agents such as acetylcysteine and ambroxol. The use of these drugs is reported to havepotential side effects, so alternative herbal-based mucolytic therapy is needed. The purpose of this studywas to evaluate the mucolytic effectiveness of ethanol extract of red hanjuang (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A.Chev.) leaves. Extraction was performed using the maceration technique with 70% ethanol as the solvent.,with the maceration process directly on pure simplicia, and also on simplicia that had undergone a defattingprocess to obtain ethanol extract of red hanjuang leaves (EEH) and ethanol extract purification of redhanjuang leaves (EEPH). Mucolytic activity was assessed by measuring the viscosity of duck egg white usinga Brookfield viscometer. Acetylcysteine was used as a positive control, while a mixture of duck egg whiteand phosphate buffer at pH 7 served as a negative control. The mucolytic activity of EEH and EEPH wastested at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by theLSD post hoc test. The results indicated that EEH and EEPH possessed mucolytic activities comparable tothe positive control (p > 0.05). Among the tested samples, EEPH at 1% concentration exhibited the strongestmucolytic effect, significantly outperforming the positive control (p < 0.05). Keywords: ARI, Sputum, Mucolytic, Red Hanjuang Leaves, Cordyline fruticosa L.
The Anticancer Potential of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Pluchea indica L. Leaves Against the WiDr Colorectal Cancer Cell Line Nur Habibah; Ni Nyoman Astika Dewi; Luh Ade Wilan Krisna; Gusti Ayu Made Ratih
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jtoi.v18i2.3061

Abstract

Colorectal cancer represents the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and ranks asthe third most common cancer among both men and women. P. indica L. has demonstrated significantanticancer potential, attributed to its bioactive constituents, including phenolic and flavonoid compounds.Solvent type significantly influences extract quality and quantity, directly affecting pharmacological activity.This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts from P. indica L. leavesin vitro, against the WiDr colorectal cancer cell line. Anticancer effects and IC50 values were determined bymeasuring cytotoxicity using the MTT assay. Results showed that both ethanol and aqueous extractsexhibited anticancer potential against the WiDr cell line. The ethanol extract exhibited higher cytotoxicity,as evidenced by reduced cancer cell viability (IC₅₀ of 21.82μg/mL±3.53), and was classified as active. Theaqueous extract had an IC₅₀ of 1,591.58μg/mL±272.8 and was classified as inactive. In conclusion, theethanol extract of P. indica L. showed greater potential for development as an anticancer agent againstcolorectal cancer. Keywords: Anticancer, Colorectal_cancer, Extract, Pluchea indica L., WiDr
Skrining Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antiangiogenesis Ekstrak Etil Asetat Buah Galoba (Hornstedtia minor (Blume) Valeton) Terhadap Membran Korioalantois Embrio Ayam Eva Feriadi; Wahyu Nuraini Hasmar; Dian Ayu Kusuma Ningrum; Muarifah Mukrimin Adam; Amira Hasmar
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jtoi.v18i2.3104

Abstract

Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation that plays a crucial role in tumor growth andmetastasis by supplying oxygen and nutrients to cancer cells. Therefore, the inhibition of angiogenesis hasbecome a promising strategy in the development of natural product-based anticancer therapies. The genusHornstedtia has been reported to possess various biological activities; however, scientific informationregarding the species Hornstedtia minor (Blume) Valeton remains very limited. This study aimed to identifythe secondary metabolite constituents and evaluate the potential antiangiogenic activity of the ethyl acetateextract of H. minor (Blume) Valeton fruit. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method with ethylacetate as the solvent. Qualitative phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the classes of secondarymetabolites present in the extract. Antiangiogenic activity was evaluated using the Chorioallantoic Membrane(CAM) assay on 9-day-old chicken embryos with treatment groups consisting of a normal control, a negativecontrol, and extract concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL. The main parameter observed was the percentageinhibition of blood vessel formation on the chorioallantoic membrane. Phytochemical screening revealed thepresence of several secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyphenols. Theantiangiogenic assay demonstrated that the percentage of blood vessel inhibition increased with increasingextract concentration, with the highest inhibition activity reaching 98% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL.These findings indicate that the ethyl acetate extract of H. minor (Blume) Valeton fruit exhibits potentialantiangiogenic activity in the CAM model and may serve as a promising source of natural antiangiogeniccandidate agents, warranting further mechanistic studies and biological evaluations. Keywords: Galoba, Hornstedtia minor (Blume) Valeton, Phytochemical, Antiangiogenesis, CAM, Anticancer
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis of Fagonia cretica Compounds as Chemopreventive Agents in Luminal Breast Cancer Eman Jehangir; Afifah Nur Rizqi; Syedah Ruqayyah Hadiyah; Anwar Rovik
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jtoi.v18i2.3275

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a public health issue. In Pakistan, breast cancer cases continue to rise annually.Tamoxifen is a standard treatment for patients with luminal breast cancer (ER+); however, prolong use oftamoxifen cause side effects and may lead to drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explorenatural compounds as safer chemopreventive agents. This study uses computational methods to investigatecompounds from Fagonia cretica and their potential interactions with molecular targets relevant to luminalbreast cancer. We combined a literature review, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to identifypromising therapeutic agents from Fagonia cretica. The plant contains various natural compounds, mainlyfound in its aerial parts. Several compounds are frequently reported, including isorhamnetin, oleanolic acid,gallic acid, kaempferol, and apigenin. These compounds meet favorable drug-like characteristics. Networkpharmacology analysis indicated that these compounds target several key cancer-related proteins andpathways, including CA12, AURKB, CDK1, PLK1, MMP9, NEK2, TOP2A, CCNB1, CCNB2, and ESR1.Kaempferol exhibited good binding affinities in molecular docking simulations for key protein targets: CDK1(-7.39 kcal/mol), ESR1 (-7.73 kcal/mol), and MMP9 (-7.29 kcal/mol). Our findings suggest that Fagoniacretica has potential as a multitarget chemopreventive agent in luminal breast cancer. Keywords: breast cancer, ethnomedicine, Fagonia cretica, targeted therapy
Multitarget Therapeutic Potential of Mimosa pudica (Linn.) in Luminal-Type Breast Cancer: A Bibliometric, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking Analysis Anwar Rovik; Laelatul Afifah; Vania Uly Andyra
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jtoi.v19i1.3150

Abstract

The growing burden of breast cancer and the limitations of current treatment strategies underscore theneed to identify alternative therapeutic approaches. This study investigated the multitarget therapeuticpotential of Mimosa pudica (Linn.) against luminal-type breast cancer using an integrated computationalframework that combined bibliometric analysis, drug-likeness and ADMET screening, networkpharmacology, gene expression analysis, and molecular docking. Bioactive compounds reported from M.pudica were evaluated in silico to assess physicochemical characteristics, pharmacokinetic properties, andpotential molecular targets. Predicted protein targets were further analyzed using protein–proteininteraction network analysis and visualized in Cytoscape to identify key pathways associated with breastcancer progression. The analysis identified multiple candidate compounds with favorable pharmacologicalprofiles and predicted interactions with proteins involved in critical biological processes, including cellcycle regulation, DNA metabolism, growth factor signaling, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. Networkanalysis highlighted several hub proteins associated with luminal-type breast cancer, among which AURKAand CDK1 were prioritized for molecular docking based on network topology, pathway enrichment,biological relevance, and structural suitability. Molecular docking demonstrated favorable predictedinteractions between selected flavonoids—apigenin, galangin, kaempferol, diosmetin, and chrysin—andboth target proteins, with binding energies ranging from −7.6 to −8.9 kcal/mol. These ????indings providemechanistic insight into the potential molecular actions of M. pudica-derived compounds and support theirprioritization as candidate therapeutic molecules for further experimental investigation in luminal-typebreast cancer. Keywords: bibliometrics; luminal-type breast cancer; Mimosa pudica; molecular docking; multitargettherapy; network pharmacology
Optimasi Microwave Assisted Extraction Daun Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) Sebagai Aplikasi Tabir Surya pada Sediaan Body Lotion Khoirul Anwar; Gharsina Ghaisani Yumni; Ayu Shabrina; Aulia Septiani Putri; Melani Putri Britama; Sugito Chandra
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jtoi.v19i1.3595

Abstract

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause various skin disorders, highlighting the need foreffective and safe sunscreen products. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of dewandaru leaves(Eugenia uniflora L.) using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) and to evaluate their potential as a naturalsunscreen active ingredient in body lotion formulations. Optimization was carried out using Response SurfaceMethodology (RSM) by varying extraction temperature and time. The results showed that the optimumextraction condition was achieved at 80 °C for 30 minutes, producing an extract yield of 31.88% and a SunProtection Factor (SPF) value of 39.90, categorized as ultra protection. Phytochemical screening and FTIRanalysis confirmed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds responsible for photoprotective activity.Body lotion formulations containing 5%, 10%, and 15% extract met the required physical quality parameters,including homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion type. Thesefindings indicate that dewandaru leaf ethanol extract has strong potential as an effective and safe naturalsunscreen active ingredient. Keywords: Eugenia uniflora; Microwave-Assisted Extraction; SPF; natural sunscreen; body lotion
Analisis Kemometrik terhadap Sidik Jari Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak n-heksana Piperaceae (Piper betle, Piper crocatum, Peperomia pellucida) Miftachul Jannah; Elok Kamilah Hayati
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Tidar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31002/jtoi.v19i1.3596

Abstract

The use of medicinal plants is increasing as knowledge about bioactive compounds, such as those found in betelplants. Differences between species in the same family (Piper betle L., Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav, andPeperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth) require identification to avoid herbal medicine counterfeiting. Themetabolomic approach in this study, based on untargeted compounds, uses thin-layer chromatography todetermine the metabolite profiles of the three betel species. The TLC results were visualized using the ImageJapplication to obtain quantitative data. Data processing was continued using chemometric methods with PCAto group species and OPLS-DA to identify Rf values that might have antioxidant potential. The PCA results, withtwo main components totaling 94%, successfully grouped the three species of the family Piperaceae, indicatingdifferences in their respective metabolite profiles. The OPLS-DA results effectively separated the samples basedon antioxidant activity into two categories strong (Piper betle L.) and weak (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav andPeperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth), with Rf values of 7, 9, and 14 as the main contributors. Rf 9 was selected forfurther analysis using FTIR because it has the best VIP and p-value. These findings support the importance ofa metabolomic approach for quality control and authentication of medicinal raw materials. Keywords: betel leaf, thin layer chromatography, antioxidant, PCA, OPLS-DA

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