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Palito: Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30310075     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077/palito.2.2.72-86.2023
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Social,
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social) is a journal published by Andalas Institute of International Studies (ASSIST) as a platform dedicated to a better understanding of international issues that aims to develop international studies.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 48 Documents
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Strategi Inggris daam menghadapi perbudakan modern pasca Modern Slavery Act2015 Andhini, Pricelya; Yusra, Muhammad; Dermawan, Rifki
Palito Vol. 1 No. 02 (2022): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.1.02.85-106.2022

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan mengenai strategi yang dilakukan oleh Inggris terhadap penanganan kasus perbudakan modern pasca Modern Slavery Act 2015. Inggris merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki keadaan politik yang baik, begitu juga dengan perekonomiannya, serta Inggris merupakan salah satu negara yang menjunjung tinggi nilai hak asasi manusia, namun angka perbudakan di Inggris terus meningkat tiap tahunnya. Pada tahun 2015, pemerintah Inggris telah menetapkan peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai perbudakan modern yang dikenal dengan Modern Slavery Act 2015, yang dirancang untuk memerangi perbudakan modern di Inggris. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk menjelaskan strategi yang dikeluarkan oleh Inggris pasca penerapan Modern Slavery Act 2015, yang akan dianalisis menggunakan konsep Human security dengan pengaplikasian dua indikator yakni Perlindungan (protection) serta Pemberdayaan (empowerment). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif analitis dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa, Inggris telah membentuk strategi sebagai bentuk perlindungan terhadap korban perbudakan diantaranya yakni pursue, prevent, protect dan prepare. Selain itu juga ditemukan bahwa Inggris membentuk strategi sebagai bentuk pemberdayaan terhadap korban perbudakan, diantaranya meningkatkan kesadaran akan hak dan kesetaraan gender, pengembangan pengetahuan dan keterampilan, memahami norma – norma sosial yang merugikan di tempat kerja dan diluarnya, mengembangkan pengetahuan anak-anak yang teridentifikasi perbudakan modern.
Peran United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Dalam Mengatasi Cyberbullying Di Indonesia Pada Tahun 2015-2021 Septiani, Anisa; Yusra, Muhammad; Dermawan, Rifki
Palito Vol. 1 No. 02 (2022): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.1.02.70-84.2022

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) dalam mengatasi cyberbullying di Indonesia pada tahun 2015-2021. Dengan adanya peningkatan terhadap pengguna internet maka terdapat risiko bagi anak-anak untuk mengalami cyberbullying yang cukup tinggi. Terdapat upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengatasinya melalui UU ITE. Namun, dengan banyaknya jenis dan kasus cyberbullying yang terjadi terdapat kelemahan dalam menangani permasalahan tersebut. Untuk menganalisis peran UNICEF dalam mengatasi cyberbullying di Indonesia pada tahun 2015-2021, penelitian ini menggunakan konsep peranan Intergovernmental Organization oleh P.A Abarro yang terdiri dari menciptakan public awareness, membantu pemerintah memperkuat peraturan, mendorong dan memfasilitasi NGO atau komunitas lokal, meningkatkan sumber daya manusia dan membantu kerjasama skala nasional, regional dan internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UNICEF memiliki peran penting dalam mengurangi kasus yang cyberbullying yang terjadi pada anak-anak di Indonesia. Dalam hal ini UNICEF bekerja sama dengan pemerintah dengan mengadakan workshop, konferensi dan berbagai kampanye, membantu pemerintah dan memperkuat peraturan dan pelaksanaan UUD 1945 terkait cyberbullying, mendorong dan memfasilitasi NGO atau komunitas lokal untuk membuat program pencegahan, meningkatkan sumber daya manusia dan membantu kerjasama pada skala nasional dengan LSM dan yayasan dan pertukaran informasi dan pengetahuan ditingkat regional ASEAN.
Hambatan Dalam Implementasi Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Pada Partisipasi Politik Perempuan Di Sumatera Barat Riani, Asmarnisa Windi; Sinulingga, Anita Afriani; Nasir, Putiviola Elian
Palito Vol. 2 No. 01 (2023): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.2.01.67-92.2023

Abstract

Nilai-nilai filosofis dalam budaya masyarakat Minangkabau, Sumatera Barat, yang menganut sistem matrilineal dapat berkontribusi dalam pencapaian target kesetaraan gender. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat hambatan yang ditandai dengan rendahnya angka keterwakilan perempuan di parlemen Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menganalisis hambatan yang dihadapi Sumatera Barat dalam mengimplementasikan Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan yang berfokus pada keterwakilan perempuan di parlemen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep Pemberdayaan Perempuan yang dikemukakan oleh Naila Kabeer dengan indikator konsepnya yaitu sumber daya, agency, dan pencapaian. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa perempuan di Sumatera Barat kekurangan wadah untuk berpartisipasi dalam politik. Selain itu, pemangku kepentingan juga belum sepenuhnya mendorong partisipasi perempuan di parlemen. Rendahnya pemberdayaan perempuan di dalam hal ini menyebabkan keterwakilan perempuan di parlemen masih rendah baik secara kuantitas, maupun kualitas.
Sekuritisasi Isu Separatisme Oleh India Sebagai Justifikasi Pencabutan Otonomi Kashmir Syahputra Daulay, Harry Prananda; Dr. Apriwan, S.Sos., MA; Virtuous Setyaka S.IP., MSi
Palito Vol. 3 No. 01 (2024): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.v3i01.79

Abstract

This study examines the securitisation of Kashmir's separatism by the Indian government. This study argues that the government of India's securitisation effort seems like an initial step to revoke Kashmir's special autonomy. This study employed a securitisation framework, emphasising how two main stages of securitisation shape and influence the securitising process, including raising the issue and convincing the audience. I used a qualitative method by using descriptive analysis and secondary data sources. The Finding highlights that in the staging of raising the issue, the Indian government used media and political parties as speech act arena. In convincing the audience, Indian political elites and Indian society become other domains in addressing Kashmir's separatism. Consequently, this thesis argues that revoking Kashmir's autonomy becomes a rational action and has acceptability in public discourse. Keywords: India, Narendra Modi, Securitization, Separatism.
Upaya Emma Watson Dalam Mewujudkan Kesetaraan Gender Melaui Kampanye He for She Septian Joski Cladino; Zulkifli Harza; Maryam Jamilah
Palito Vol. 3 No. 01 (2024): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.v3i01.129

Abstract

Celebrities do not only focus on being stars in the world of entertainment but are also able to be communicator in the political and social world. United Nation Women appoints Emma Watson, a celebrity known through the Harry Potter series, as a ambassador or communicator as well as launch He for She campaign. This campaign aims to achieve gender equality which involves men as agents. Gender problems that occur in parts of the world cause anxiety, therefore the United Nation Women launched the He for She campaign. The purpose of this study is to see how Emma Watson's efforts in gender equality activities through the He for She campaign. In analyzing, the writer uses the concept of Strategic Communication to see the form of efforts made by Emma Watson. This research is a qualitative research using a descriptive analysis approach in the research range from 2010 to 2020. The results of the research obtained are that the efforts made by Emma Watson resulted in He for She campaign launch speech, He for She campaign IMPACT 10X10X10 speech, He for She Arts week launch speech, Uruguay Parliament building visit, He for She campaign second anniversary speech. Key Words: Emma Watson, He for She, gender equality, efforts, strategic communication.
KEBIJAKAN SUDAN MENYEPAKATI PERJANJIAN ABRAHAM ACCORDS DENGAN ISRAEL TAHUN 2021 Azmie Savira, Azmie Savira
Palito Vol. 3 No. 01 (2024): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.v3i01.141

Abstract

Abstrak Pada tahun 2021, Sudan dan Israel secara resmi menandatangani Perjanjian Abraham Accords yang berisi kesepakatan untuk menormalisasi hubungan dengan Israel. Sudan dan Israel sebelumnya tidak pernah menjalin hubungan karena keberpihakan dan dukungannya terhadap Palestina serta sebagai anggota Liga Arab dan Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam (OKI). Adanya kesepakatan tersebut mengejutkan banyak pihak karena sejak awal Sudan telah menunjukkan perlawanannya terhadap Israel. Keputusan tersebut juga membuat Sudan mendapatkan berbagai respon negatif karena dianggap telah mengkhianati usaha dan perjuangan kemerdekaan Palestina dari Israel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengapa Sudan menyepakati Perjanjian Abraham Accords. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan konsep Rational Actor Model oleh Graham T. Allison. Ada pun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif jenis eksplanatif dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder. Berdasarkan konsep yang digunakan, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa mengapa Sudan menyepakati perjanjian tersebut karena besarnya keuntungan yang akan didapat Sudan dibandingkan kerugiannya, seperti memperkuat hubungan bilateral dengan Israel dan Amerika Serikat, membuka peluang kerja sama dan bantuan dari negara lain, termasuk Amerika Serikat dan sekutunya, penghapusan Sudan dari daftar state sponsor terrorism oleh Amerika Serikat di mana penghapusan ini dapat membuka peluang hubungan, kerja sama dan bantuan dari negara-negara sekutu Israel dan Amerika Serikat serta adanya dukungan politik dari Israel dan Amerika Serikat. Abstract In 2021, Sudan and Israel officially signed the Abraham Accords Agreement which contains an agreement to normalize relations with Israel. Sudan and Israel have never established relations because of their support for Palestine and as members of the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). This agreement was surprising because Sudan had shown its resistance and made Sudan receive various negative responses because it was considered to have betrayed the struggle for Palestinian independence from Israel. This research aims to analyze why Sudan agreed to the Abraham Accords and is analyzed using the concept of the Rational Actor Model by Graham T. Allison. The method used is an explanatory qualitative type using secondary data. Based on this concept, it is found why Sudan agreed to this agreement, namely because of the large benefits that Sudan will gain, such as strengthening relations with Israel and the United States, opening up opportunities for cooperation and assistance from other countries, including the United States and its allies, eliminating Sudan from state sponsors of terrorism which can open up opportunities for cooperation and assistance from allied countries, Israel and the United States, as well as political support from these two countries.
Tujuan Kebijakan Sanksi Ekonomi Singapura Terhadap Rusia Pada Tahun 2022 Riski Afriwandi; Anita Afriani Sinulingga; Silvi Cory
Palito Vol. 3 No. 01 (2024): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.v3i01.147

Abstract

Pada tanggal 5 Maret 2022 Singapura mengumumkan memberikan sanksi ekonomi terhadap Rusia merespon aksi invasi Rusia ke Ukraina. Kebijakan sanksi ekonomi Singapura terhadap Rusia merupakan suatu kebijakan yang sangat jarang terjadi oleh Singapura. Secara historis, Singapura bukanlah negara yang terbiasa dalam memberikan sanksi terhadap negara lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tujuan Singapura dalam memberikan sanksi ekonomi terhadap Rusia pada tahun 2022. Peneliti menggunakan konsep Objectives of Economic Sanctions oleh James Barber untuk mendeskripsikan tujuan Singapura dalam memberikan sanksi ekonomi terhadap Rusia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder. Berdasarkan konsep Objectives of Economic Sanctions, peneliti menemukan bahwa tujuan primer atau tujuan utama Singapura memberikan sanksi ekonomi terhadap Rusia adalah untuk mencapai stabilitas keamanan dan kedaulatan Singapura. Kemudian peneliti menemukan tujuan lainnya yaitu yang berkaitan dengan reputasi dari negara Singapura; untuk memberikan dukungan terhadap blok negara Barat yang dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat; dan memastikan pola perilaku tertentu Singapura dalam hubungan internasional. Selain itu terdapat tujuan lainnya yang lebih spesifik dari sanksi ekonomi Singapura terhadap Rusia pada tahun 2022.
Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Berkembangnya Aktivitas Paradiplomasi Kota Padang dan Kota Hildesheim Pada Tahun 1988-2022 Fandwitania, Fella; Yusra, Muhammad; Irawan, Poppy
Palito Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.2.2.105-120.2023

Abstract

In 1988, the local government of Indonesia and the government of German federation established paradiplomacy activities in the form of Padang-Hildesheim sister city cooperation. This sister city cooperation has an interesting pattern because the formation of this cooperation not accordance with the provisions for the formation of sister city cooperation, specifically on the basis of similar characteristics and superior regional potential. However, Padang-Hildesheim sister city cooperation has been able to develop for 34 years and it remains active today. The purpose of this study is to identify the causative factors of paradiplomacy development in Padang City and Hildesheim City in 1988 using the concept of paradiplomacy by Alexander S. Kuznetsov. This research is a qualitative descriptive research using primary and secondary data. The results of this study show factors that led the development of Padang-Hildesheim paradiplomacy activities in 1988-2022 from the perspective of Padang City are globalization, democratization, foreign policy domestication, decentralization, problems with the nation-building process, asymmetry of the constituent units, the external stimulus, and the role of regional leaders. Meanwhile, factors that led the development of Padang-Hildesheim paradiplomacy activities in 1988-2022 from the perspective of the Hildesheim City are globalization, foreign policy domestication, federalization, asymmetry of the constituent units, external stimulus, and the role of political parties.
The Indonesia Spice Up The World (ISUTW) Campaign As An Indonesian Nation Branding Effort: Kampanye Indonesia Spice Up The World (ISUTW) Sebagai Upaya Nation Branding Indonesia Parmato, Diaz; Darman Moenir, Haiyyu; Elian Nasir, Putiviola
Palito Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.2.2.88-104.2023

Abstract

The development of globalization throughout the world also affects the interaction between state actors in the international system, especially in the practice of diplomacy carried out by states. One form of diplomacy that has developed is the gastrodiplomacy campaign carried out by Indonesia. At the end of 2020, an Indonesia Spice Up the World (ISUTW) gastrodiplomacy campaign was initiated which was initiated by the government and across ministries in Indonesia with the aim of increasing exports of Indonesian spices and local culinary seasonings and expanding the network of Indonesian restaurants abroad as one of the efforts in Indonesia's national economic recovery after the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose jncarried out by Indonesia through the Indonesia Spice Up the World (ISUTW) campaign. Gastrodiplomacy campaigns carried out by a country can be analyzed through nation branding strategies in seeing how the strategy can achieve a country's national interests. The research was conducted using the conceptual framework of "Nation Branding" from Juyan Zhang. Data collection techniques and data analysis are carried out by qualitative methods and descriptive analysis. The research conducted found that Indonesia with the ISUTW gastrodiplomacy campaign has carried out a nation branding strategy through six nation branding strategies proposed by Juyan Zhang including, product marketing strategy, food event strategy, coalition-building strategy, use of opinion leaders, education strategy and Media Relation Strategy. The six strategies in the nation branding effort in the gastrodiplomacy campaign help Indonesia to achieve Indonesia's national interests in terms of the national economy and culinary promotions carried out
Pertimbangan Amerika Serikat Menjatuhkan Sanksi Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanction Act (CAATSA) ke Turki Tahun 2020 Hasnita, Hasnita; Yusra, Muhammad; Dermawan, Rifki
Palito Vol. 3 No. 01 (2024): PALITO (Politics, Humanities, Laws, International Relations and Social)
Publisher : Hubungan Internasional Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/palito.v3i01.255

Abstract

This research aims to explain and analyze the reasons behind the United States' considerations before imposing CAATSA sanctions on Turkey in 2020. The issue in this study arises when Turkey, a member of the United States military alliance, decides to engage in military cooperation with Russia concerning the purchase of the Russian S-400 missile system. As a result of this action, the United States issued a policy by excluding Turkey from the F-35 program. This US policy was sufficient to address US concerns about the Russian S-400 missile, which, according to the United States, could jeopardize their F-35 system. Considering Turkey's presence as a crucial part of the US alliance is important to counter Russian influence in the Middle East, especially in the Syrian conflict, in addition to the strained US-Turkey relations at the time. However, in 2020, the United States still imposed CAATSA sanctions on Turkey regarding the S-400 cooperation. Through the conceptual framework of Paul R. Viotti and Mark V. Kauppi, namely National Security Policy, which explains that there are four variables that influence a country's foreign policy formulation: National Interest, Threats, Opportunities, and Capabilities. Through this framework, we will explain the considerations made by the United States in imposing CAATSA sanctions on Turkey in 2020 using these four variables, allowing the author to analyze the rational reasons behind the US decision to sanction Turkey. This research employs a qualitative research method with a descriptive analysis approach using secondary sources such as official government websites, expert journals, and several books on International Relations theory. The author found that the reasons for the US imposing CAATSA sanctions on Turkey include its national interests in the Middle East, the threat posed by Russia, the opportune timing for imposing sanctions as CAATSA had just been enacted into law, and the high capability of the US as a superpower to impose sanctions on its allies. Kata Kunci: United States, CAATSA, Foreign Policy, S-400 Cooperation, Turkey, F-35

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