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Iwan Hermawan
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Purbawidya: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi
Published by Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
ISSN : 22523758     EISSN : 25283618     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55981/purbawidya
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Art, Social,
Religion Arts Humanities Social Sciences
Purbawidya is a journal that publishes research, conceptions, and ideas on the development of archaeology. This paper explores the meaning and significance of “Purbawidya”, which translates to “Past Knowledge” in English. Using various approaches from archaeology, anthropology, sociology, philology, history, architecture, geography, geology, biology, chemistry, ecology, and other sciences, this paper analyses how humans and past cultures are studied and understood through Purbawidya. The paper argues that Purbawidya is not only a journal name, but also a concept that reflects the interdisciplinary and holistic nature of archaeological inquiry.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Arkeologi
Articles 107 Documents
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Lanskap Pertahanan Militer Jepang Di Jawa Daya Negri Wijaya; Firza Azzam Fadilla; Gema Budiarto
PURBAWIDYA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 15(1) Juni 2026
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/purbawidya.2026.15453

Abstract

This study examines Japan's active military defense system in Java during the Asia-Pacific War period. In addition, this study also aims to analyze and identify the distribution patterns, number, types, and functions of Japanese military defense structures in Java based on Japan's three-layer defense theory. This study used a mixed-methods and historical approach by adapting cultural mapping methods in urban areas. The data collection stages consisted of (1) observation and documentation; (2) interviews; (3) field expeditions; (4) remote geoinformation analysis methods, including the use of satellite imagery and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This research combined historical sources, quantitative data from GIS geospatial analysis, and qualitative data from observations and interviews. The results of this study have enabled the development of a digital historical map of the Japanese Cultural Heritage Information System in Java. This digital map records the types, functions, numbers, and distribution patterns of Japanese military building remains in Java. A total of 101 military defense building sites have been recorded. Bunker or pillbox defenses were used in coastal and inland defense systems to counter amphibious attacks by Allied forces on the coastline. Meanwhile, natural caves and protective tunnel networks were used as defense systems in forest and hill areas on the island of Java to counter jungle warfare, final defense areas, weapons depots, logistics centers, command centers, medical facilities, and evacuation routes for Japanese military forces.
Narasi Spasial Dalam Museum Nasional: Analisis Pembentukan Identitas Kebangsaan Melalui Storyline “Menjadi Indonesia” Punto Wijayanto; Ahmad Zuhdi Allam
PURBAWIDYA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 15(1) Juni 2026
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/purbawidya.2026.15484

Abstract

Museums function not only as repositories of historical artifacts, but also as representational spaces that participate in shaping narratives of national identity. This study aims to analyze how national narratives are constructed through the spatial organization of exhibition spaces in the curatorial storyline “Becoming Indonesia” at the National Museum of Indonesia. The research adopts a qualitative approach through a case study of the permanent exhibition spaces in Building A of the National Museum of Indonesia. Data were collected through spatial observations of exhibition spaces, analysis of curatorial documentation, and a literature review on museum studies and museum architecture. The findings indicate that the “Becoming Indonesia” storyline functions not only as a curatorial framework but also as a spatial narrative structure that tends to guide visitors’ experiences in understanding the process of nation formation in Indonesia. The arrangement of gallery sequences, visual relationships among collections, and patterns of visitor circulation create a storytelling mechanism that connects archaeological, ethnographic, and historical collections into a coherence narrative about cultural diversity and the historical development of Indonesia. In this way, museum exhibition spaces can be understood as interpretive media that organize visitors’ experiences in reading the relationships between objects, history, and national identity. This study suggests that spatial analysis of exhibition spaces can provide insights into how national museums produce narratives of nationhood through spatial organization and visitor experience. The findings contribute to museum and architectural studies by emphasizing the importance of the spatial dimension in curatorial practices.  
Intertekstualitas Legenda Nini Anteh Dan Legenda Chang’e: Komparasi Budaya Sunda Dan Tionghoa Yostiani Noor Asmi Harini; Arief Dwinanto; Dina Srirahayu
PURBAWIDYA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 15(1) Juni 2026
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/purbawidya.2026.15614

Abstract

This article seeks to examine the intertextual relationship between the Sundanese legend of Nini Anteh and the Chinese legend of Chang’e as a reflection of cultural harmony between the two societies. The research adopts a qualitative approach, using comparative textual analysis grounded in Julia Kristeva’s theory of intertextuality, alongside cultural diffusion theory to explore potential historical links shaped by migration and trade interactions between Sundanese and Chinese communities.  The findings indicate that both legends are connected through the shared motif of “the woman in the moon,” creating a web of cross-cultural meanings. Nini Anteh, associated with her saepi knowledge, and Chang’e, known for her elixir of immortality, are portrayed as female figures who exercise agency over their destinies, undergo isolation as a transformative process, and reflect societal ideals of womanhood within their respective cultures. The similarity in narrative shows a symbolic resonance that reflects a shared cosmological imagination concerning the moon across different cultural traditions. In addition, the Ngabungbang tradition in Sundanese society and Zhōngqiū Jié in Chinese society represent collective respect for the full moon as a symbol of cosmic harmony. This study concludes that the intertextual connection between these two legends not only reveals shared symbolic meanings but also offers potential for their use in enhancing Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) through education rooted in local wisdom, ultimately promoting harmonious intercultural dialogue.
Fungsi Komplementer Gender Dalam Keseimbangan Sistem Sosial Warga Kanekes Muhamad Isyam Firdaus; Yusran Ilyas; syaripulloh; Nurlia Safitri; Azizah Nurazizah
PURBAWIDYA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 15(1) Juni 2026
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/purbawidya.2026.15751

Abstract

The Kanekes people demonstrate a complementary gender function system in which each gender fulfills distinct yet mutually dependent roles to sustain the overall social system balance. This study analyzes how complementary gender functions are constructed and maintained through the Sunda Wiwitan belief system. Using a historical method heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography and oral data from in-depth interviews. Findings show that Kanekes men and women carry out complementary functions: men handle agricultural labor and external representation, while women govern sacred seed management and household production. Both roles are grounded in the theological concepts of Ambu and Nyi Pohaci, rendering each function indispensable to the social system. This study's novelty lies in its integrative analysis of how sacred obligation and subsistence rationality together sustain gender complementarity a dimension underexplored in prior literature. The conclusion is that complementary gender functions constitute the primary mechanism for preserving the social balance of Kanekes, maintained through internalized customary norms across generations.
Malaria Control and Medical Services in Cilacap Under Dutch Colonial Rule In the Early 20th Century Ilham Nur Utomo; Fauzan Syahru Ramadhan; Khairana Zata Nugroho; Desi Susanti
PURBAWIDYA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 15(1) Juni 2026
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/purbawidya.2026.15821

Abstract

This study examines health problems and healthcare services in Cilacap Regency in relation to malaria outbreaks during the Dutch colonial period in the early 20th century. Cilacap was known as the largest port in southern Java yet faced numerous complex health problems. This study employs the historical method, which is categorized into four stages: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. In analyzing the research problems, biopower theory is used, which positions the role of the Dutch colonial government in controlling biological aspects and public health. The findings of this study indicate that the health of Cilacap Regency’s population was under threat from diseases, particularly malaria. Inadequate environmental conditions were one of the main factors in the spread of malaria. Furthermore, efforts to eradicate malaria through healthcare services remained limited. The Dutch colonial government’s health interventions were solely aimed at serving their economic interests. This made Cilacap Regency one of the areas with the lowest quality of public health despite the implementation of the Dutch Ethical Policy and economic activities at Cilacap Port.
Sejarah Rumah Sakit Pada Perkebunan N.V. Deli Maatschappij Di Sumatera Timur (1869—1940) Junaidi; Budi Agustono; Kiki Maulana Affandi; Muhammad Rasyidin; Asrika Sari Harahap
PURBAWIDYA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 15(1) Juni 2026
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/purbawidya.2026.15831

Abstract

This article focused to explain the history of hospitals at N.V. Deli Maatschappij in East Sumatra and their role in maintaining the health of plantation workers during the period 1869–1940. Improvements in health standards were seen among plantation workers, who initially faced dire conditions. As the plantations developed and the need for a sustainable workforce grew, the company invested in health improvements, particularly through the construction of health facilities and infrastructure, such as hospitals, clinics, medical equipment, and the implementation of a health system. This study employs a four-stage historical method: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings indicate that N.V. Deli Maatschappij provided healthcare facilities and services for plantation workers employed by the company. The economic dynamics of the plantation sector in the late 19th century led to a shift in corporate paradigm towards a focus on the future and the sustainability of the plantation industry. As a result, companies sought to improve health standards by strengthening curative measures through the construction of hospitals and healthcare facilities. Throughout its history, there have been three hospitals dedicated to improving the health of plantation workers: the Deli Maatschappij Central Hospital in Medan, the Bangkattan Hospital in Binjai, and the Tanjung Selamat Hospital in Langkat.
Front Matter Purbawidya Vol 15(1) Juni 2026 Iwan Hermawan
PURBAWIDYA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 15(1) Juni 2026
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/purbawidya.2026.16109

Abstract

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