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Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Published by Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia
ISSN : 01261193     EISSN : 2460545X     DOI : 10.35749
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Ophthalmologica Indonesiana is an open accessed online journal and comprehensive peer-reviewed ophthalmologist journal published by the Indonesian Ophthalmologist Association / Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata (PERDAMI). Our main mission is to encourage the important science in the clinical area of the ophthalmology field. We welcome authors for original articles (research), review articles, interesting case reports, special articles, clinical practices, and medical illustrations that focus on the clinical area of ophthalmology medicine.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Ophthalmology
Articles 877 Documents
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Defeating Mooren Ulcer: Timely Diagnosis and Strategic Interventions for Swift Recovery Priscilia, Florentina; Paramitha, Dewa Ayu Anggi; Aziza, Yulia
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 52 No 1 (2026): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/oi.v52i1.101757

Abstract

Introduction: Mooren ulcer is a unique and rare manifestation of peripheral ulcerative keratitis of idiopathic origin, triggered by immunological abnormalities, genetic predispositions, and environmental factors. Case Report: We report the successful treatment of a rare case involving a 43-year-old man who presented with a significant worsening of white tissue covering cornea, severe pain, redness, and blurred vision in the left eye. An examination revealed a peripheral ulcer extending centrally with scleral sparing. Ancillary examinations yielded unremarkable findings. The patient was diagnosed with Mooren ulcer and initially treated with topical steroid, which showed no improvement. Therefore, a simultaneous conjunctival resection combined with immunosuppressive therapy was performed. At 1-year follow-up, no pain was reported, vision improved (6/21 to 6/12), and resolved ocular surface inflammation. Discussion: Mooren ulcer is often prone to misdiagnosis due to clinical signs that resemble other differential diagnoses. A meticulous examination is essential to carefully exclude autoimmune and corneal infection. The treatment goals are to arrest the destructive process and facilitate re-epithelization. A stepwise aggressive approach is crucial, starting with topical steroids to control inflammation. However, this single treatment modality may not prevent rapid progression, making conjunctival resection imperative to eliminate the source of collagenase production by cutting off the perilimbal blood vessels’ access to ulcer cites. Combining this with an immunosuppressant effectively maintains a stable condition. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of timely diagnosis and aggressive treatment in preventing the swift progression of Mooren ulcer.  
3-Snip Punctoplasty with Silicone Tube Implantation: A Simple Procedure For Punctal Disorders R Wattimena, Aisyah Amelia Zulkarnaen; Andi Pratiwi; Pagarra, Halimah; Suliati P Amir; Syukriah Sofyan
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 52 No 1 (2026): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/oi.v52i1.101872

Abstract

Introduction: Punctal or canalicular atresia is a rare disorder in which an intact epithelial layer covers the punctum, impairing tear drainage and causing epiphora, especially in lower punctal atresia. Less frequently, canalicular atresia occurs. Standard management involves probing, irrigation, and silicone tube insertion. Case Report: In two cases, an 8-year-old and a 30-year-old female presented with lifelong tearing and discharge from the left eye. Ophthalmic examination revealed imperforate superior and inferior lacrimal puncta, and the Dye Disappearance Test (DDT) confirmed reduced tear drainage, leading to a diagnosis of punctal atresia. In a third case, a 40-year-old female experienced a painful, red lump on the right medial lower eyelid over a three-month period. Palpation produced yellowish discharge, and examination revealed a hyperemic mass with granulomas around the punctum, consistent with chronic canaliculitis. All three patients underwent a 3-snip punctoplasty with silicone tube implantation using a round-tip pigtail probe. Discussion: The 3-snip procedure is a minimally invasive and effective treatment for punctal disorders. It involves one basal cut and two vertical incisions along the canaliculus. Although canaliculotomy with curettage can lead to fistula formation, the use of a silicone tube helps prevent this complication. At the three-month follow-up, all patients demonstrated functional tear drainage and normal DDT results. Conclusion: The 3-snip procedure with silicone tube implantation offers favorable functional and cosmetic outcomes. It is a simple and viable option for ophthalmologists in resource-limited settings, ensuring improvement in tear drainage without symptom recurrence.
Identifying the Burden of Digital Eye Strain: Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, and Risk Factors in Indonesian Medical Students Zega, Elwande Hagasaro; Selly Azmeila; Yetty Machrina; Kamal Basri Siregar
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 52 No 1 (2026): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/oi.v52i1.101960

Abstract

Introduction: The increasing use of digital devices among university students, particularly in medical education, has raised concerns regarding Digital Eye Strain (DES). This study aimed to assess the prevalence, symptom profile, and risk factors of DES among Indonesian medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 356 medical students using the validated Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). Data on demographic characteristics, ocular history, digital device usage habits, and DES symptoms were collected. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with DES, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of DES was 62.9%. Common symptoms included itchy eyes (76.8%), blurred vision (70.1%), and headaches (76.33%). Bivariate analysis revealed associations between DES and refractive errors (OR 1.889, p = 0.004), poor posture (OR 0.467, p = 0.001), and the use of more than two digital devices daily (OR 1.610, p = 0.030). Multivariate analysis identified refractive errors (OR 2.049, 95% CI: 1.300–3.227, p = 0.002), poor posture (OR 0.413, 95% CI: 0.258–0.663, p < 0.001), and the use of more than two devices (OR 1.879, 95% CI: 1.171–3.015, p = 0.009) as independent risk factors for DES. Conclusion: DES is highly prevalent among Indonesian medical students. Refractive errors, poor posture, and the concurrent use of multiple digital devices were significant risk factors. Vision screening, ergonomic education, and digital health awareness are recommended to reduce DES and support ocular health.
Affordable HLA-B27 Detection in Resource-Limited Settings: Evaluating Conventional PCR for Uveitis and Spondyloarthropathy in Indonesia Nora, Rina La Distia; Edwar, Lukman; Susiyanti, Made; Aziza, Yulia; Putera, Ikhwanuliman; Sifyana, Ulifna Alfiya; Riasanti, Mei; Waliyuddin, M Zakiy; Wibawa, Maria Valentina; Ethelind, Rachel; Widodo, Erica; Sitompul, Ratna
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 52 No 1 (2026): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/oi.v52i1.102039

Abstract

Introduction: HLA-B27 is a genetic marker strongly associated with spondyloarthropathy (SpA) and acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Detection of this allele can support earlier diagnosis and targeted management. However, commercially available HLA-B27 tests are costly and often inaccessible in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 42 subjects: 14 with SpA, 19 with AAU, and 9 healthy controls. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and analyzed using both conventional PCR (targeting exon 3 of HLA-B27) and a commercial HLA-B27 strip assay. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of conventional PCR were calculated against the commercial kit as the reference standard. Results: Conventional PCR showed high sensitivity (100%) and accuracy (85.71%) in SpA patients, indicating its potential as a reliable screening tool in this group. However, its performance in AAU patients was suboptimal, with lower sensitivity (40%) and specificity (55.56%). False positives and false negatives were observed, likely due to limitations in allele coverage by conventional primers. Conclusion: Conventional PCR is a promising, affordable alternative for HLA-B27 detection in SpA patients, particularly in resource-limited settings. However, its lower reliability in AAU cases highlights the need for careful clinical application and further optimization. Larger studies and local allele mapping are recommended to enhance diagnostic precision in diverse populations.
Comparing Predictability of SRK/T, Barrett Universal II, and Kane Formulas on High Myopia Phacoemulsification Ryamizard, Rizal; Wisnu Sadasih; A. Rizal Fanany; Fatimah Dyah Nur Astuti
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 52 No 1 (2026): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/oi.v52i1.102089

Abstract

Introduction: The refractive outcomes of phacoemulsification surgery have improved significantly in recent years, but it is still challenging to obtain good outcomes in eyes with long axial lengths. This study compares the difference between the predicted and manifest refraction outcomes between Sanders Retzlaff Kraff theoretical (SRK/T), Barrett Universal II (BU-II), and Kane formula in high myopia patients undergoing uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery. Methods: This cross-sectional design study includes eyes with high myopia (axial length ≥26.0 mm) that undergo uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implantation between January 2024 and January 2025 at Semarang Tertiary Hospital. The one-month post-surgery mean absolute prediction errors (MAE) difference between SRK/T, BU-II, and Kane formula are calculated and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. Result: Thirty-seven eyes meeting the criteria were analyzed, with a mean axial length of 29.07±2.42 mm. The MAE and percentages of eyes within 0.50 diopters (D) refractive prediction errors of the three formulas are as follows: SRK/T (0.68 D, 60%), BU-II (0.41 D, 73%), and Kane (0.37 D, 76%). There is a statistically significant difference in MAE between SRK/T vs BU-II (p < 0.05) and SRK/T vs Kane (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Kane and BU-II formula has better accuracy in predicting refractive outcome (lower MAE and higher percentages of eyes within 0.5 D refractive prediction errors) than the SRK/T formula in patients with high myopia who undergo uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery.  
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Predictive Clinical Features of Lacrimal Gland Lesions Eriska, Yossi; Raja Erinda; Trilaksana Nugroho
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 52 No 1 (2026): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/oi.v52i1.102093

Abstract

Introduction: Lacrimal gland tumors encompass a wide spectrum of benign, malignant and inflammatory conditions. Understanding the clinico-demographic profile and histopathological findings is crucial for early detection, determining appropriate treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of patient with lacrimal gland lesions diagnosed at the Reconstructive Oculoplastic and Oncology department at a tertiary care hospital in Central Java. Thirty-nine patients with biopsy-proven lesions between January 2021 and December 2024 were included. Clinical characteristics including age, sex, laterality, symptom duration, proptosis, lagophthalmos, and ocular motility restriction were evaluated. Histopathological diagnoses were categorized into benign, malignant, and inflammatory lesions. Statistical analyses were performed to assess associations between clinical variables, sex, and tumor classification. Results: A total 47 eyes of 39 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of patients was 46.15 ± 20.27 years (range 2–76), with 48.7% male and 51.3% female. Malignant tumors were more frequent in patients older than 60 years (69.2%), while benign tumors were more common in patients aged 40–59 years (60.0%). Histopathological analysis demonstrated that lymphoid and inflammatory disorders were the most common lesions. Inflammatory disorders consisted of dacryoadenitis and systemic inflammatory disease (sarcoidosis). Proptosis and shorter symptom duration were significantly associated with malignancy, whereas bilateral involvement was significantly associated with inflammatory disorders. No statistically significant difference in tumor classification was observed between male and female patients. Conclusion: Lymphoid and inflammatory disorders were the most prevalent lacrimal gland lesions. Identifying clinical markers such as proptosis, symptom duration, laterality can assist in early malignancy detection and guide management decisions effectively. This study is limited by its retrospective design, single-center setting, and small sample size, which may introduce selection bias and limit generaizability.
Editor's Introduction: Paradigm Shift in Optic Neuropathy: Early Insights into Precise Etiological Differentiation Indra Tri Mahayana, MD, PhD
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 52 No 1 (2026): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/oi.v52i1.102098

Abstract

Due of its heterogeneity in etiology, including inflammatory, vascular, and traumatic causes rather than as a singular condition and individual disease, the global prevalence of non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy (NGON) continues to be a challenging scientific difficulty.1,2,3 A retrospective study was performed at a tertiary eye‑care center in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, covering the period between January 2019 to December 2023 (4 years investigation period, including in the COVID-19 era). Read more >>>

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