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The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research

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Published by International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd.

ISSN : 30481376 EISSN : 30481368 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research, published by International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd. is dedicated to providing physicians with the best research and important information in the world of medical research and science and to present the information in a format that is understandable and clinically useful. Committed to publishing multidisciplinary research that spans the entire spectrum of healthcare and medicine access, The American Journal of Medical Science and Health Research aims at an international audience of pharmacists, clinicians, medical ethicists, regulators, and researchers, providing an online forum for the rapid dissemination of recent research and perspectives in this area.

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Review dan Referensi, Kedokteran

Articles 529 Documents

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What is The Comparative Effectiveness of Dual Antibiotic Therapy Versus Monotherapy in Treating Uncomplicated Gonococcal Infections in Adults? : A Systematic Review Ade Putri; Dita Titis Parameswari; Shania Rizky Amalia; Diandra Erieka Putri; Vinzia Ethiofia Caneabung
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 15 No. 5 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/nrb1rw67

Introduction: The treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infections, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is challenged by increasing antimicrobial resistance. The failure of monotherapies prompted a shift to dual antibiotic therapy, with ceftriaxone plus azithromycin established as the standard of care. However, emerging resistance concerns necessitate the evaluation of alternative regimens. This systematic review aims to assess the comparative effectiveness of dual antibiotic therapy versus monotherapy and compare various dual-therapy combinations for treating uncomplicated gonorrhea in adults. Methods: This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed, Springer, Semantic Scholar, and Google Scholar was conducted using a PICO framework to identify relevant studies published since 2015. Eighteen studies, including randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews, met the inclusion criteria. Data on study design, treatment regimens, population characteristics, cure rates, and adverse effects were extracted and synthesized. Results: Dual therapy was found to be decisively superior to monotherapy, with one study reporting a 17.8% failure rate for cephalosporin monotherapy versus 0% for dual therapy. The combination of ceftriaxone plus azithromycin consistently achieved the highest cure rates, ranging from 98% to 100%, across genital, rectal, and pharyngeal sites. The alternative regimen of gentamicin plus azithromycin yielded mixed results; while some trials showed non-inferiority, a large trial reported lower efficacy (91% vs. 98%) and was particularly less effective at extragenital sites. Adverse events were typically mild, with gastrointestinal issues being most common. Discussion: The synthesized evidence confirms that dual therapy is essential for the effective treatment of gonorrhea. Ceftriaxone-based combination therapy remains the benchmark due to its high and consistent efficacy. Alternative regimens, particularly those using gentamicin, should be considered second-line options and used with caution, given their lower cure rates for pharyngeal and rectal infections. Conclusion: Ceftriaxone-based dual therapy is the most dependable strategy for treating uncomplicated gonorrhea. The choice of therapy must be guided by site-specific efficacy and local resistance data. Continuous surveillance and research into new agents are critical to address the ongoing threat of antimicrobial resistance.

Complication and Management of Diabetic Retinopathy Vivi Cahyani; Suliati P. Amir; Hanna Aulia Namirah
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 15 No. 6 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/knn9mr40

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus that remains a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Chronic hyperglycemia leads to retinal microangiopathy, resulting in progressive damage that may culminate in serious complications. As DR advances, especially into the proliferative stage (PDR), patients may experience vitreous hemorrhage (VH), diabetic macular edema (DME), or tractional retinal detachment (TRD). Methods: This study is a literature review of ten scientific articles published between 2015 and 2024, focusing on the complications and management of DR. Results: The literature highlights that the primary treatment modalities for DR include panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, and vitrectomy. PRP is commonly used for high-risk PDR, anti-VEGF for DME or active neovascularization, and vitrectomy for advanced cases with VH or TRD. Management decisions are highly dependent on the stage of DR and the presence of complications. Conclusion: The management of DR should be adapted to the severity and type of complication. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial to prevent vision loss.

Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) in Geriatric Patients with Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia (TEA) Technique : A Case Report Kharisma Saeraya; Faisal Sommeng; Haizah Nurdin
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 15 No. 6 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/vkwqnk93

Introduction: Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) is one of the main procedures in the management of breast cancer. Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia (TEA) has been known to be an effective technique in delivering superior analgesics and reducing the need for opioids, especially in patients at high risk of general anesthesia. Case: An 80-year-old woman with advanced right breast cancer underwent an MRM procedure using the thoracic epidural anesthesia technique as the primary modality. An epidural catheter is inserted at the T4/T5 interspatial, with the sensory block reaching the clavicle up to three fingers below the mamma line bilaterally. The surgery lasted for 60 minutes without complications, and the patient showed good hemodynamic stability throughout the procedure. Postoperative pain control is obtained with epidural bupivacain infusion and multimodal therapy. The patient was discharged on the fourth postoperative day in a stable condition. Conclusion: TEA is safe and effective for MRM procedures, also in elderly patients. TEA deserves to be considered as an alternative or complementary to general anesthesia in breast surgery, especially in high-risk patient population.

What is The Comparative Effectiveness of Conservative Management versus Surgical Repair For Patients with Traumatic Kidney Injuries? : A Systematic Review Ilham Akbar A.R; I Gusti Agung Ngurah Maha Yudha; Moza Farijah Qaulika; Zata Sabrina
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 15 No. 6 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/t39stf12

Introduction: The management of traumatic kidney injuries has increasingly shifted towards non-operative management (NOM), yet its comparative effectiveness against surgical repair, particularly in high-grade cases, requires ongoing clarification. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate and synthesize the existing evidence on the comparative effectiveness of conservative management versus surgical repair for patients with traumatic kidney injuries, focusing on key outcomes such as mortality, renal preservation, and complications. Methods: This systematic review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed across PubMed, Springer, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Wiley Online Library to identify relevant studies. Studies were included if they involved human patients with traumatic kidney injuries and compared conservative and/or surgical interventions. Following the screening and eligibility assessment, 29 studies were included in the final analysis. Results: The findings overwhelmingly favor NOM for hemodynamically stable patients. Mortality rates for conservative management were consistently lower (most under 10%) compared to surgical repair (most over 10%). Renal preservation rates were substantially higher with NOM (frequently exceeding 85%) , while renal loss in surgical cohorts was significantly greater. Complication rates were also lower in the NOM groups (2-32%) versus surgical groups (10-76%). Even for high-grade injuries (AAST III-V), NOM was the preferred initial approach in stable patients , with angioembolization identified as a key technique for improving outcomes. Discussion: The evidence demonstrates that the primary determinant for management is the patient's hemodynamic stability, not the grade of injury alone. Surgical intervention, while vital for hemodynamically unstable patients, carries higher risks of morbidity and mortality in stable populations. The integration of angioembolization has been pivotal to the success of NOM, allowing for hemorrhage control while preserving renal parenchyma. Conclusion: Non-operative management is the established standard of care for hemodynamically stable patients across all grades of traumatic kidney injury. This strategy is associated with improved survival, superior organ preservation rates, and fewer complications. Supported by minimally invasive techniques like angioembolization, the conservative approach has successfully minimized patient morbidity and reduced unnecessary nephrectomies.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Anesthesia Decision-Making: A Comprehensive Systematic Review Elang Rizky Ridhoka; Elba Nurdiansyah
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 15 No. 7 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/zev4cr06

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) integration in anesthesia management offers numerous applications, including predictive models, automated drug delivery, and monitoring of vital signs. However, challenges like ethical considerations and data privacy need to be addressed to ensure AI systems complement human care and patient welfare. Methods: This systematic review adhered to PRISMA 2020 principles and focused exclusively on full-text articles published in English from 2015 to 2025. Editorials and review articles without a DOI were eliminated to preserve the integrity of high-quality sources. A literature review was conducted utilizing esteemed databases like ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SagePub to discover relevant studies. Result: The preliminary database search yielded over 1700 relevant publications on the topic. Following a comprehensive three-stage screening process, eight papers met the specified inclusion criteria and were selected for in-depth analysis. Each study was subjected to a thorough critical assessment, enabling a comprehensive review of the influence of Artificial Intelligence on anesthesia decision-making. This methodical methodology guaranteed that the analysis relied on robust evidence, corresponded with the study's aims, and was capable of producing substantial insights into this intricate relationship. Conclusion: Artificial intelligence is improving clinical anesthesia by enhancing drug delivery precision, risk prediction, and perioperative monitoring. However, challenges like data security, clinician training, and algorithm transparency need to be addressed. Future research should focus on refining AI models, developing standardized guidelines, and fostering seamless integration.

Challenging Primary PCI in Anomalous Origin of Right Coronary Artery: A Case Report and Literature Review Arini Dwi Azhari; Pramon Aditya Sudjana; Dicky Kurnia Gumilang
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 15 No. 7 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/tntdep92

Anomalous origin of the coronary artery is quite rare, seen in only 0.2% to 1.2% of cases. The unusual ostium locations create significant challenges in engaging the artery, which can be time-consuming and may delay intervention during acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Herein, we describe a 59-year-old patient who presented with inferior STEMI, high-degree AV block, and cardiogenic shock. The patient underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after a temporary pacemaker (TPM) had been inserted previously. During angioplasty, we faced difficulties locating the ostium of the right coronary artery (RCA) due to its anomalous position. We successfully cannulated using a 6 Fr EBU 3.5 Guiding Catheter (GC), which revealed total occlusion in the proximal segment. Additionally, we encountered other challenges during the procedure, including a lack of support from the guiding catheter and difficulties in achieving stable coaxial alignment. However, the intervention was successful without any perioperative complications.

The Impact of Multisectoral Nutrition Interventions on Stunting Rates Among Children Under Five Years Old: A Systematic Review Andrian Dwi Rizki Setyawan; Titik Setyawan; Edy Sucipto
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 10 No. 6 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/6qvzst80

Introduction: Childhood stunting, defined as impaired linear growth, is a profound public health crisis affecting millions of children globally. It results from chronic undernutrition and leads to irreversible cognitive and physical deficits, perpetuating a cycle of poverty and diminished human capital. The complex, multifactorial etiology of stunting necessitates a shift from siloed, nutrition-specific actions to integrated, multisectoral interventions that address its underlying determinants. This systematic review synthesizes the evidence on the effectiveness of combining interventions from sectors such as health, water and sanitation (WASH), agriculture, social protection, and education to reduce stunting rates among children under five. Methods: A systematic search of major electronic databases (including PubMed, Semanthic Scholar, Google Scholar, Springer, Wiley Online Library) was conducted to identify studies published up to 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies evaluating the impact of multisectoral interventions (defined as combining nutrition-specific components with at least one nutrition-sensitive component) on stunting and related outcomes in children aged 0–59 months were included. Data were extracted for over 15 outcomes, including anthropometry, morbidity, and dietary practices. Study quality was assessed using appropriate risk-of-bias tools. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool effect sizes where appropriate. Results: The review identified a robust body of evidence demonstrating the superiority of multisectoral approaches. The integration of WASH and nutrition interventions showed a significant positive effect on Height-for-Age Z-score (HAZ) (MD=0.13; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.17) and Weight-for-Age Z-score (WAZ) (MD=0.09; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.13). Nutrition-sensitive agriculture programs consistently improved intermediate outcomes like child dietary diversity but had a less consistent direct impact on stunting. Social protection, primarily through cash transfers, yielded a modest but significant reduction in stunting prevalence (−1.35%; 95% CI -2.35 to -0.35), with effects amplified when combined with behavior change communication (BCC). Across all sectors, BCC emerged as a critical enabler, significantly improving maternal practices and child growth. However, interventions proven effective in rural settings often failed in urban slums, highlighting severe contextual implementation challenges. Discussion: The findings confirm that synergistic action across sectors is more effective than isolated interventions. The mechanisms of impact align with the UNICEF conceptual framework, where different sectors address distinct underlying and immediate determinants of malnutrition. While the evidence for multisectoral approaches is strong, the overall magnitude of effect on stunting is often modest, suggesting that longer intervention periods and higher intensity may be required to reverse chronic deficits. The failure of programs in urban slums points to an "implementation efficacy gap," where the context, rather than the intervention itself, is the primary barrier to success. Conclusion: Multisectoral nutrition interventions represent the most effective strategy for accelerating stunting reduction. Policy and funding mechanisms must shift to support integrated program design and cross-ministerial collaboration. Future programs should prioritize the bundling of nutrition, WASH, and social protection interventions, with a robust BCC component as a non-negotiable catalyst for success. Further research is urgently needed to develop and evaluate context-specific delivery models for vulnerable populations, particularly in urban slums.

Association of Obesity to The Prevalence and Severity of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) : A Systematic Review Ridho Prip Trijasa Siringoringo; Priparty Intan Sukma Siringoringo; Charles Sanjaya Seikka
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/20rgev08

Introduction: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and obesity are two escalating global health crises with a well-documented association. While the link is known, a comprehensive synthesis of how different measures of obesity impact both the prevalence and objective severity of GERD is needed. This systematic review aims to evaluate and synthesize the current evidence on the association between obesity and the prevalence and severity of GERD. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Springer, Semantic Scholar, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library. We included observational studies and meta-analyses from the last ten years that examined the relationship between obesity (measured by BMI, waist circumference, etc.) and GERD (diagnosed via validated questionnaires, endoscopy, or pH monitoring) in adult populations. Twenty studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. Results: All 20 included studies reported a positive association between increased body mass and GERD risk or severity. Meta-analyses reported significant odds ratios for GERD in obese individuals, ranging from 1.73 to 4.25. A clear dose-response relationship was evident, with risk increasing with BMI category. Notably, central and visceral obesity were identified as particularly strong predictors of severe erosive esophagitis, sometimes more so than general BMI. Physiologically, obesity was linked to increased esophageal acid exposure and more frequent reflux events rather than primary esophageal dysmotility. Conclusion: This review confirms an unequivocal and powerful association between obesity and GERD. Increased body mass, particularly central adiposity, is a causal risk factor that drives both the prevalence and physiological severity of the disease. These findings underscore the urgent need to integrate weight management as a cornerstone of GERD clinical care and to address the obesity epidemic as a critical public health strategy to mitigate the growing global burden of reflux disease.

How does dietary intervention (specifically reducing dairy and high-sugar foods) impact acne progression : A Systematic Review Elvira Miranda; Khairunnisa
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/t2ytzj28

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition, and the role of diet in its management is of growing interest. Diets with a high glycemic load and dairy consumption have been implicated, but the evidence for their impact on acne progression remains inconsistent. This systematic review aims to synthesize and evaluate evidence from recent studies to determine the effect of reducing dairy and high-sugar foods on acne severity. Methods: This review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Springer, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews published since 2015. Studies were included if they investigated dietary interventions involving dairy or sugar reduction in participants with acne vulgaris and measured quantitative changes in acne severity. A total of 20 studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Results: The findings demonstrate a clear divergence in evidence. Interventions involving low-glycemic load or index diets consistently showed significant improvements in acne. Of the studies examining this approach, 11 reported a statistically significant reduction in acne severity, including decreased lesion counts and improved acne grades. In contrast, the evidence for dairy was primarily associative. Three studies reported a positive association between dairy intake and acne risk, but others found the evidence to be mixed or inconclusive, particularly for whey protein. The link was often characterized by heterogeneity and potential bias. Discussion: The evidence strongly supports low-glycemic diets as an effective intervention for acne, likely due to the modulation of inflammatory pathways. The role of dairy is less definitive and seems to be based on association rather than established causality from interventional trials. The duration of intervention, typically 8-12 weeks, appears crucial for observing clinical benefits from dietary changes. Conclusion: Dietary interventions focusing on reducing glycemic load are a viable and effective strategy for managing acne vulgaris. The role of dairy remains ambiguous and requires a more personalized approach. These findings support the integration of evidence-based nutritional counseling into standard dermatological care for acne.

The Eﬀicacy of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors on Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Patients with Single Ventricle Physiology Rhinza Seputra Simanjuntak; Miftah Pramudyo; Frisky Ronald Tua Marbun; Rheza Felari Simanjuntak; Tatyana Sianipar
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/vph0ng76

Introduction: Patients with single ventricle physiology often undergo the Fontan procedure, creating a circulation highly dependent on low pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) for long-term success. Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors are used as targeted pulmonary vasodilators to improve these hemodynamics. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of PDE-5 inhibitors on PVR and associated clinical outcomes in this specific patient population. Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, using PICO-based keywords. Eligibility screening of abstracts and full-text articles was performed to include randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. After a rigorous selection process, 34 relevant studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. Results: The analysis revealed consistent hemodynamic improvements. A significant reduction in PVR or its related indices was explicitly reported in 11 studies , while 20 studies noted a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure. These benefits translated to improved clinical outcomes, with 11 studies demonstrating enhanced exercise capacity and 13 studies reporting increased oxygen saturation. The safety profile was highly favorable, as 25 studies reported no significant adverse events. However, significant statistical heterogeneity was detected among studies (I²=94%). Conclusion: PDE-5 inhibitors are a safe and effective therapy for improving short-term hemodynamics, exercise capacity, and oxygenation in patients with single ventricle physiology. While the evidence strongly supports their use, it is limited by substantial heterogeneity and a lack of long-term data. Large-scale, standardized randomized controlled trials are imperative to establish definitive long-term benefits and formulate optimal clinical guidelines.

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Contact Name Indra Hadi

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Editorial Address Equity Tower. 49th Floor. Sudirman Street. Special Region of Jakarta, Indonesia

Location Kota adm. jakarta selatan, Dki jakarta INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Indra Hadi

Contact Email
profesionaljournalmedicine@gmail.com

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
pt.internationalmedicaljournal@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Equity Tower. 49th Floor. Sudirman Street. Special Region of Jakarta, Indonesia

Location
Kota adm. jakarta selatan,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA