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Muhammad Nizar
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Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Serambi Mekkah Jalan Unmuha, Batoh, Telp. (0651) 26160 dan (0651) 22471 Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Serambi Engineering
Published by Universitas Serambi Mekkah Aceh
ISSN : 25283561     EISSN : 25411934     DOI : http://doi.org/10.32672/jse
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
The Serambi Engineering journal is published as a medium to distribute information on research results in engineering and science, both carried out by lecturers from the Serambi Mekkah University and other parties. Published research can be in the form of field research or laboratory research as well as a literature review. This journal is published four times yearly, namely January, April, July, and October. Editors accept manuscripts from lecturers, researchers, students, and practitioners that have never been published by any other media. Manuscripts submitted will be evaluated and edited for uniformity of format, terms, and other procedures. The topics that can be published but are not limited to are: Water & Waste Water Quality Solid Waste Management Air Pollution Control Environmental Health Environmental Modeling Environmental Management Water Resources Management Occupational Health & Safety Ecology Renewable Energy Circular Economics Sustainable Development Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Climate Change and Water Resources Adaptation Urban Planning Informatics Computer and Technology Industrial Engineering Other .
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Teknik Lingkungan
Articles 964 Documents
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Implementasi Metode FMEA untuk Mereduksi Cacat Produk pada Proses Produksi Sandal di Departemen Plong Amiruddin, Mochamad; Abdul Wahid
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

CV. Bossbi, as one of the sandal manufacturers, faces challenges related to defective products originating from the initial production process. This study aims to implement the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method to identify, analyze, and prioritize corrective actions to reduce product defects in the Plong Department. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with data collection for two months (January-February 2025) through observation and interviews. The results of the study identified three dominant types of defects from a total production of 177,990 pairs of sandals, namely asymmetrical patterns (39.95%), uneven edges (31.14%), and inappropriate sizes (28.92%). The FMEA analysis produces a Risk Priority Number (RPN) value for each failure mode, where 'asymmetrical patterns' obtained the highest RPN value of 224, followed by 'inappropriate sizes' (RPN = 189), and 'uneven edges' (RPN = 175). The highest RPN value indicates that 'asymmetrical pattern' is the most critical risk caused by imprecise material placement and rushed operators. Based on these priorities, it is recommended that corrective actions be taken in the form of making jigs (assistive tools), standardizing operational procedures (SOPs), and scheduling regular machine maintenance. The implementation of FMEA has proven effective as a tool for mapping risks and providing a basis for measurable improvement proposals to significantly improve product quality.
Integrasi Data TLS dan UAV Untuk Pemodelan 3D Gua Aul di Kabupaten Ciamis Daffa Fadhillah Akbar; Gusti Ayu Jessy Kartini
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Gua Aul, located in Ciamis Regency, is a cultural heritage site with significant historical and scientific value. To support preservation efforts and digital documentation, this study aims to produce a 3D model of Gua Aul by integrating data from a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). TLS data was used to map the cave interior with high accuracy and density, while UAV data captured the cave exterior, including the surrounding topographic area. The registration process employed an independent georeferencing method, in which each point cloud was tied to the global coordinate system WGS 84/UTM Zone 49S using GNSS data. The integration of interior and exterior point clouds resulted in a complete 3D model, with geometric validation accuracy showing an overall RMSE of 0.005 m, indicating a very small and acceptable average deviation of the TLS and UAV integration compared to the actual dimensions. This integration result was not significantly different from the actual object size based on a t- distribution statistical test at a 95% confidence level. The resulting 3D modeling is expected to serve as a medium for documentation, education, as well as a foundation for sustainable conservation and management of the cultural site. Thus, the integration of TLS and UAV has proven to be an effective and adaptive approach to supporting the protection of cultural heritage in the future.
Analisis Serapan Karbon Vegetasi dan Potensinya dalam Mereduksi Emisi CO₂ Kendaraan Bermotor di Jalan Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya Criselli Naftalia, Hana; Amalia, Aussie
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Green belts play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas. This study aims to determine the total carbon stock and carbon absorption capacity of vegetation along the green belt of Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno IIC Road (MERR) in Surabaya, and to analyze the extent to which vegetation can reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions produced by motor vehicles. The method used in this study involves direct measurement of vegetation parameters such as tree diameter and height, which are then processed using biomass estimation and carbon stock conversion factors. In addition, CO₂ emissions are estimated based on traffic volume data and emission factors for each type of vehicle. The results show that the vegetation in the MERR IIC green belt is able to store a certain amount of carbon and has potential in absorbing CO₂ emissions, although it is still not proportional to the total emissions produced by motor vehicles per day. Therefore, improving the quality and quantity of vegetation in urban green belts is crucial to support air pollution control efforts in urban areas.
Analisis Kinetika Laju Pertumbuhan Lumpur Aktif Artificial menggunakan Karbon Aktif pada Tahap Seeding Priyoharjo, Angga Mustofa; Prayatni Soewondo
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Textile industry WWTP systems generally use chemical and biological activated sludge. Activated sludge systems tend to require a long retention time and are less effective in degrading color. One technology that can be developed is the improvisation of activated sludge microorganisms with the addition of powdered activated carbon. This research is to develop a combination technology of powdered activated carbon addition in the seeding stage and see its effect on the growth rate of microorganisms during the seeding and acclimatization stages. The initial stage was a seeding process using liquid starter bacteria carried out in 5 reactors with a capacity of 5 L, with the dose of activated carbon addition in reactors 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 namely 0 mg/l, 100 mg/l, 400 mg/l, 800 mg/l and 1000 mg/l and a blank reactor with only activated carbon without the addition of starter bacteria. Parameters observed during the study were DO, pH, MLSS and COD values. The seeding process is carried out for 28 days until the MLSS reaches 2000 mg/l, followed by an acclimatization stage which is carried out for 30 days with a COD value set at 1000 mg/l using an artificial substrate. At the seeding stage, the optimal reactor was R5, which was based on the increase in MLSS over time and the kinetics of growth rate as a µmax value of 0.2179 days⁻¹ and acclimatization stages 1 and 2 with µmax values of 0.0853 days⁻¹ and 0.0959 days-1, respectively.
Analisis Air Tak Berekening (Non Revenue Water) Menggunakan Metode Neraca Air di Perumda Air Minum Tirta Giri Nata Kota Cirebon Luthfianto, Ahmad Kuslan; Ervin Nurhayati; Dades Prinandes; Lia Amaliah
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Non-Revenue Water (NRW) remains a major challenge for water utilities (PDAM) in Indonesia in providing drinking water services to the public. This is reflected in the national average NRW rate in 2023, which reached 33.51%, exceeding the RPJMN target of 25%. Reducing NRW will be more effective if its indicators and components can be measured accurately. However, many PDAMs still do not fully understand the definitions or how to calculate NRW components according to international standards with a high level of confidence. This study aims to develop a water balance using the WB-EasyCalc tool to obtain values for each NRW component with a 95% confidence level, estimate potential revenue losses, and determine the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI). The analysis shows that the NRW level at Perumda Air Minum Tirta Giri Nata Kota Cirebon in 2024 is 33.92% with a margin of error of 1.5%. This percentage consists of 1.09% unbilled authorized consumption, 8.22% apparent losses, and 24.62% real losses. If this NRW level is not reduced, the potential revenue loss is estimated at IDR 48,752,716,594 per year. The ILI value obtained is 70, which falls into performance category D—indicating extremely high resource wastage and the need for urgent prioritization in leakage reduction programs. Therefore, active efforts are recommended in leak detection and network pressure management.
Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair Berbahan Dasar Limbah Batang Tembakau Secara Fermentasi Anaerob Yasmiati; Nadya Lenvylea Laras; Ketut Sumada
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Tobacco is a widely cultivated agricultural commodity in Indonesia, producing significant waste in the form of stalks and roots. Currently, these wastes have not been widely utilized and are only dumped into the environment. Tobacco stalks contain essential nutrients and can potentially be used as raw material for liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). Therefore, research was conducted on the manufacture of liquid organic fertilizer from tobacco stem waste and evaluating the effect of tobacco stem weight and fermentation time on the quality of the LOF produced. The weights used were 25 g, 50 g, 75 g, 100 g, and 125 g, with fermentation times ranging from 1 to 5 weeks. The fermentation process was carried out in sealed bottles with additional coconut water, palm sugar, and EM-4, after cutting the stalks into small pieces (0.5–1 cm). The quality of the LOF was assessed based on organic carbon and nitrogen content using titrimetri and Kjeldahl methods. Results showed that increasing stalk weight elevated both organic carbon and nitrogen levels. Longer fermentation reduced organic carbon but increased nitrogen content up to an optimal point. Optimization of both variables is crucial to improve LOF quality.
Prediksi Kebutuhan Ruang Kelas Perguruan Tinggi dengan Pendekatan Dinamika Sistem Dian Fajarika; Ester Anggi Kristiani; Olivia Anastasia Gultom; Sisean Jansen Pedro Sirait
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

The availability of physical infrastructure, particularly classrooms, is a critical component in supporting the quality of academic services in higher education institutions. An imbalance between student enrollment growth and classroom capacity can reduce the effectiveness of learning and student satisfaction. This study aims to design a predictive model for classroom needs using a System Dynamics approach, by examining the interrelationship between student numbers, classroom capacity, and student admission policies at the Institut Teknologi Sumatera. The model was developed through stages including problem identification, system conceptualization using a causal loop diagram, formulation of a stock and flow diagram, and model validation through statistical testing. Simulation results indicate that classroom demand will significantly increase over the next 10 to 20 years, driven by a 2% annual student growth rate. To meet this demand, an annual increase of classroom capacity by 4.49% is required, with an alternative scenario of a 5% annual increase capable of accelerating the fulfillment timeline from 24 years to 13 years. These findings highlight the importance of adaptive and data-driven infrastructure planning as a strategic effort to enhance the quality of academic services in higher education institutions.
Perbandingan Waktu Pengisian Baterai Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Antara Dua Tempat Berbeda (Studi Kasus: Kota Medan dan Desa Kabung Kecamatan Barus Jahe) Sitepu, Bernike Patresia; Siagian, Parlin; Dino Erivianto
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

A potential avenue for the utilisation of solar energy is through the establishment of a PLTS (solar power plant). The present study employs an experimental approach in two distinct locations to ascertain the voltage and current of a battery that has been charged by a 20 Wp solar panel of polycrystalline type. Additionally, the temperature and humidity at each location are measured. The research location is situated in Kabung Village, within the administrative boundaries of Medan City. The research period spanned six days, from April 27 to May 3, 2025. A series of measurements were conducted over the course of the day, commencing at 09:00 WIB / 16:00 WIB. The data was collected at 10-minute intervals and comprised a combination of voltage, current, temperature, and humidity measurements. These measurements were obtained from two distinct locations within the city and the village. The mean battery charging time in Medan city is 6.50 hours, with a voltage of 12.26 volts, a current of 0.23 Ampere, a temperature of 33.14 °C and a humidity of 72.2%. In the context of Kabung village, the mean battery charging time was determined to be 6.50 hours, with a recorded voltage of 12.92 volts, a current of 0.60 Ampere, a temperature of 40.17 °C and a relative humidity of 63.3%. This study provides significant insights into the impact of geographic location on the performance of PLTS, particularly with regard to the optimal levels of sunlight absorption. Whilst the duration of battery recharge remains unaltered in this instance, the probability of attaining a greater quantity of electrical energy within a reduced timeframe is more probable in locales exhibiting elevated levels of sunlight, such as Kabung Village.
Sintesa dan Karakteristik Selulosa Asetat Berbahan Kapuk dengan Solution Process Saputra, Andika Wahyu; Wibyantri, Gabriella Ananda; Suprihatin
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Cellulose acetate is a derivative of cellulose that has high commercial value and is widely used in various industries such as textiles, plastics, and paints. This study aims to synthesize and analyze the characteristics of cellulose acetate derived from kapok fiber (Ceiba pentandra) using the solution process method. The synthesis process includes delignification, bleaching, activation, acetylation, and hydrolysis stages. The variables tested in this research were the volume of glacial acetic acid (8–40 mL) and the acetylation time (60–150 minutes). The analysis results showed that the highest acetyl content of 39.92% was obtained at an acetylation time of 90 minutes and an acetic acid volume of 40 mL, with a degree of substitution reaching 2.466, classified as cellulose diacetate according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups of cellulose acetate, such as the carbonyl (C=O) and ester (C–O) groups from the acetyl group. This study demonstrates that kapok fiber is a potential raw material for producing high-quality cellulose acetate.
Feeding Frequency and Amino Acid Effects on Black Soldier Fly Larvae Performance Ursada, Riang; Bagastyo, Arseto Yekti; Radita, Deqi Rizkivia; La’ali, Anisah Zahira
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

The continuous increase in waste generation, driven by population growth, necessitates sustainable waste management solutions. One promising approach is the bioconversion of organic waste using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, which naturally accelerate the decomposition process. This study investigates the effect of amino acid supplementation and feeding frequency on BSF larval growth, nutrient composition (protein, fat, carbohydrate, moisture, ash), waste reduction, and cultivation efficiency. A total of 700 five-day-old larvae were fed 1.8 g/larva/day using a mixture of restaurant and market waste. Results showed that the addition of 15 mL amino acids did not significantly enhance larval growth, except in fresh waste with a 70:30 ratio over three days, where larvae reached 27 g at 17 days old. Nutrient content varied with waste composition, while feeding frequency had minimal influence. The highest values recorded were moisture (72%) in fresh P100 (1-day feeding), ash (26.29%) in fresh R100 (1-day), protein (46.97%) in fresh 70:30 (3-day), fat (45.11%) in landfill 70:30 (3-day), and carbohydrate (0.15%) in landfill waste. Amino acid addition contributed to increased protein content. Feeding frequency impacted the Waste Reduction Index (WRI), waste reduction rate, and frass C/N ratio. The highest WRI (5.27%) and reduction rate (94.90%) were observed in fresh P100 (1-day feeding), with frass C/N ratios ranging from 13.09 to 28.82. These findings highlight the potential of optimizing feed composition and frequency for enhanced BSF-based organic waste bioconversion.

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