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Referendum
Published by Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia
ISSN : 30630517     EISSN : 30631203     DOI : 10.62383
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
jurnal interdisipliner yang menggabungkan kontribusi dari bidang hukum, administrasi publik, dan ilmu komunikasi. Jurnal ini menyajikan artikel-artikel yang menyoroti berbagai aspek hukum, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada isu-isu konstitusi, perundang-undangan, yudisial, administrasi publik, serta teori-teori komunikasi yang terkait dengan sistem hukum dan administrasi publik.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 101 Documents
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Analisis Yuridis Pemutusan Perjanjian Secara Sepihak Nugrah Gables Manery
Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): Desember : Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/referendum.v2i4.1531

Abstract

This study aims to examine the analysis of unilateral contract termination. The method used in this study is normative juridical. The approaches used in this study are the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The results of this study indicate that the provisions for contract termination as stipulated in Article 1338 paragraph (2) of the Civil Code should not override the provisions of Article 1266 of the Civil Code, which governs the conditions for annulment in reciprocal agreements. Termination clauses in contracts are generally unilateral, disregarding the provisions of Article 1266 of the Civil Code. The Civil Code does not explicitly regulate the distinction between damages resulting from breach of contract and damages resulting from unlawful acts. Therefore, what is needed is a clear understanding of the concept of contract termination, so that in the future there will be regulations that provide legal certainty to the parties involved.
Eksistensi Asas Non Self-Incrimination dalam Praktik Plea Bargaining : Studi Komparatif dan Implikasinya dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia Roli Pebrianto; Noviana Noviana; Muhamad Panji Prabu Dharma
Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Juni : Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/referendum.v3i2.1667

Abstract

The development of modern criminal justice systems demonstrates a growing tendency to prioritize efficiency through expedited case resolution mechanisms, one of which is plea bargaining. This mechanism is increasingly utilized in various legal systems as an alternative approach to reducing case backlogs, accelerating judicial processes, and minimizing litigation costs. On the other hand, criminal procedural law guarantees the defendant’s right to remain silent as an essential component of the principle of non self-incrimination, namely the right not to be compelled to admit guilt or provide evidence against oneself. This study aims to analyze whether the practice of plea bargaining has the potential to undermine this fundamental principle and affect the protection of defendants’ rights within criminal proceedings. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Legal materials were analyzed to examine the relationship between plea bargaining mechanisms and the protection of procedural rights in criminal justice systems. The findings indicate that plea bargaining inherently contains implicit pressure on defendants to admit guilt in exchange for reduced sentences, lighter charges, or procedural advantages. Such conditions may create an imbalance between procedural efficiency and the protection of fundamental rights, potentially weakening the defendant’s freedom to exercise the right to remain silent. Therefore, careful legal safeguards are necessary to ensure that efficiency-oriented mechanisms do not compromise the principles of fairness, due process, and the protection of human rights in criminal proceedings.
Tindak Pidana Pemalsuan Surat Tanah Studi Putusan Ma No. 233 Pk/Pid/2025 Sahalatua Samosir. P; Siti Kotijah; Nur Aripkah
Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Juni : Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/referendum.v3i2.1688

Abstract

The rapid development of coffee shop businesses in Indonesia has intensified competition among business actors, requiring companies to implement effective marketing strategies to maintain customer loyalty and encourage repeat purchases. In this context, brand image and Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) are considered important factors that influence consumer perceptions and purchasing behavior. A positive brand image can create favorable impressions in the minds of consumers, while Electronic Word of Mouth through digital platforms allows customers to share experiences and opinions about products or services with a wider audience. This study aims to analyze the effect of brand image and Electronic Word of Mouth on Repurchase Decision with Customer Satisfaction as an Intervening variable. The research was conducted on consumers of Ashbab Coffee who had previously purchased its products. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents who met the research criteria. The collected data were then analyzed using statistical analysis techniques to determine the relationship between the variables studied. The results of the study indicate that brand image and Electronic Word of Mouth have a positive and significant influence on Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Decision. In addition, Customer Satisfaction also acts as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between brand image, Electronic Word of Mouth, and Repurchase Decision. These findings suggest that maintaining a positive brand image and encouraging positive Electronic Word of Mouth can increase Customer Satisfaction and encourage consumers to make repeat purchases.
Legal Regulations Regarding the Protection of Indigenous Peoples' Rights in Natural Resource Management Hengki Maryono; Tri Susilowati; Mohamad Tohari
Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Juni : Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/referendum.v3i2.1697

Abstract

Indigenous peoples possess a strong cultural, social, and spiritual relationship with the natural resources they have traditionally managed for generations. Their customary laws and local knowledge systems play a crucial role in maintaining environmental sustainability and preserving biodiversity. However, in practice, the exploitation of natural resources by the state, private corporations, and other external actors often leads to the marginalization of indigenous peoples and the erosion of their traditional rights. Consequently, legal protection for indigenous communities in natural resource management has become an important issue in achieving a balance between economic development, environmental conservation, and human rights protection. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing the protection of indigenous peoples’ rights in Indonesia and evaluate its conformity with international legal standards. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The data are derived from legislation, international legal instruments, and relevant academic literature. The study examines various national legal instruments, including the 1945 Constitution, the Basic Agrarian Law, the Forestry Law, and the Environmental Protection and Management Law. Furthermore, it compares these regulations with international standards such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and ILO Convention No. 169. The findings are expected to support the development of more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable natural resource governance in Indonesia.
Legal Review of the Reform of the Criminal Procedure Law in Indonesia Tedjo Asmoro; Wieke Dewi Suryandari; Lamijan Lamijan
Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Juni : Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/referendum.v3i2.1701

Abstract

Reforming Indonesia's criminal procedure law is a crucial step in adapting the justice system to developments in law, human rights, and technology. Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) replaces Law No. 8 of 1981, which has been in effect for more than four decades and will only come into effect in 2026. This reform aims to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and protection of human rights in the criminal justice process. The changes stipulated in this new law cover various aspects, such as strengthening the rights of suspects and defendants, adjusting investigation and prosecution procedures, and adopting technology in the justice system. With these changes, it is hoped that the Indonesian criminal procedure law will be more responsive to the needs of society and increasingly complex legal challenges. This research employs a normative juridical method, an approach that focuses on the study of legal norms in legislation and relevant legal principles. This approach tries to analyze the content and modifications contained in Law No. 1 of 2023, comparing them with the previous provisions in Law No. 8 of 1981, and examining the normative implications of these reforms in criminal procedural law. Furthermore, this research draws on legal literature, academic journals, and other official documents related to criminal procedural law. This study does not involve interviews or case studies, but rather focuses on normative and conceptual studies of the legal changes that have occurred. Therefore, this research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the reforms in criminal procedural law in Indonesia and their implications for the national criminal justice system.
Integration of Customary Criminal Law in the National Criminal Justice System Based on Pancasila and Progressive Law Ayub Jose Luhut Parulian Simanjuntak; Abdul Malik Mufty; Nurul Chaerani Nur; Vivilia Agnata Mudi; Muhammad Khaidir Kahfi Natsir
Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Juni : Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/referendum.v3i2.1722

Abstract

The integration of customary criminal law into Indonesia’s national criminal justice system reflects the constitutional recognition of legal pluralism as stipulated in Article 18B(2) of the 1945 Constitution and reinforced by Article 2 of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code. The dominance of a positivist legal paradigm, which emphasizes written law, has often marginalized living law and reduced the role of restorative justice practiced by indigenous communities. This study aims to analyze the normative position of customary criminal law within the national legal framework, identify conceptual and normative challenges in harmonizing state law and customary law, and formulate a contextual, equitable, and sustainable integration model. The research employs a normative legal approach using statutory, conceptual, and historical-philosophical methods. Data are derived from primary legal materials, secondary legal literature, and tertiary sources to support doctrinal analysis. The findings indicate that the recognition of customary criminal law in the 2023 Criminal Code represents significant progress toward legal pluralism. However, its implementation remains constrained by the absence of implementing regulations, differing interpretations, and the potential subordination of living law to state law. Therefore, integration should be guided by a progressive legal approach and Pancasila values to strengthen indigenous institutions, promote substantive justice, protect vulnerable groups, reduce the burden on formal courts, and support a more inclusive and responsive legal system.
Reconstruction of Rights Based AI Governance: Right to Explanation Against Algorithmic Discrimination in ASEAN Lisa Indahsari; Vebri Wulandari; Syafri Hariansyah
Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Juni : Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/referendum.v3i2.1746

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence across Southeast Asia carries profound implications for the  protection of fundamental human rights, particularly as algorithmic discrimination becomes increasingly  embedded within automated decision making systems spanning public and private sectors alike. Although  several ASEAN member states have issued AI ethics guidelines, the prevailing soft law framework has  demonstrably failed to provide meaningful, enforceable protection for individuals subjected to biased and  opaque algorithmic decisions. This study aims to critically examine the extent to which existing AI ethics  guidelines in ASEAN fall short in mitigating algorithmic discrimination risks, and to reconstruct AI governance  policy through the formal recognition of the right to explanation as a binding human rights protection  instrument. Employing a normative juridical methodology, the research integrates a statute approach,  comparative legal analysis, and conceptual framework analysis to systematically evaluate current regulatory  inadequacies. The findings reveal that ASEAN's AI ethics guidelines remain largely voluntary, lack enforceable  accountability mechanisms, and fundamentally fail to meet adequate standards of algorithmic accountability.  A rights based reconstruction centered on the right to explanation anchored by a human understandable  explanation standard as a prerequisite for the legitimacy of automated decisions represents a transformative  normative shift from soft law to rights based AI governance. This study urges ASEAN to adopt a binding  regional AI regulatory framework that guarantees accountability, transparency, and the protection of citizens'  fundamental rights in the age of automation.
Dispensasi Perkawinan Anak di Pengadilan Agama Indonesia: Kritik terhadap Pertimbangan Hakim Berbasis Pancasila dan Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory Zakia Lutfiah Khoirun Nisa; Rida Kusuma Devi; Adinda Marsha Dwi Sukma; Ahmad Muhammad Mustain Nasoha
Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Juni : Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/referendum.v3i2.1755

Abstract

Child marriage dispensation in Indonesia has shown an increasing trend following the amendment of the minimum marriage age through Law Number 16 of 2019. This phenomenon raises concerns regarding the consistency of judges’ considerations in the Religious Courts, particularly in relation to child protection. This study aims to analyze and critically examine such judicial considerations from the perspective of Pancasila values and the Sociological Jurisprudence approach within the framework of Islamic law. This research employs a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, utilizing qualitative descriptive-analytical and prescriptive analysis based on library research. The findings reveal that judges’ considerations remain largely casuistic and pragmatic, focusing on factual conditions such as out-of-wedlock pregnancy and social pressure. The implementation of Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019 has not been optimal, resulting in disparities in judicial decisions and failing to fully reflect the principle of the best interests of the child. From the perspectives of Pancasila and Sociological Jurisprudence, these considerations have not yet fully integrated the values of humanity, social justice, and substantive justice. This study concludes that there is a need to strengthen the integration between legal norms, Pancasila values, and sociological approaches within Islamic law in order to produce judicial decisions that are more consistent, just, and oriented toward child protection.
Akibat Hukum Kelalaian Notaris Atas Akta Autentik terhadap Pihak yang Buta Huruf Hidayatulloh Hidayatulloh; Nuzulia Kumala Sari; Galuh Puspaningrum
Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Juni : Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/referendum.v3i2.1775

Abstract

This study examines the legal consequences of a notary’s negligence in drafting an authentic deed involving illiterate parties. In notarial practice, a notary is required not only to comply with the formal requirements for preparing an authentic deed but also to ensure that the parties understand its contents and legal consequences. Legal issues arise when an illiterate party is involved, as the inability to read and comprehend the deed increases the risk of errors, abuse, and legal harm. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal that notarial negligence may include failing to provide adequate explanations, failing to ensure the parties’ understanding, failing to verify their free consent, and focusing solely on administrative formalities. Such negligence may cause the deed to lose its authenticity, reduce its evidentiary value, result in its annulment, and undermine legal certainty. A notary’s liability may extend to administrative, civil, ethical, and criminal responsibility. Legal protection for illiterate parties may be provided through preventive measures, such as clearly reading and explaining the deed, as well as repressive measures, including civil litigation, complaints to the Notary Supervisory Council, and annulment of the deed. The study emphasizes the need to strengthen legal protection by reinforcing the prudential principle, the notary’s duty of care, and establishing specific standard procedures for handling vulnerable parties.
Analisis Yuridis Konflik Pernikahan dalam Hukum Adat dan Hukum Nasional Ditinjau dalam Pasal 18B Ayat (2) UUD 1945 Dian Mentari Gobel; Wenny Almoravid Dungga; Mohamad Hidayat Muhtar
Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Juni : Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/referendum.v3i2.1871

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the regulation of marriage in the customary and national legal systems and the legal implications of Article 18B Paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution on marriage. Given that Indonesia has a diverse society and is rich in traditions, customary law operates concurrently with national law, often giving rise to conflict. The research method used is a normative approach with descriptive analysis. The results show that customary law and national law have different characteristics, where customary law is flexible and contextual, while national law prioritizes the principles of equality and individual protection. Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 is a crucial point in recognizing the rights of children born outside of marriage, creating a bridge between customary and national legal norms, and emphasizing the importance of harmonization between the two. This study is expected to provide deeper insight into the need for policies that support collaboration between customary and national law in regulating marriage.

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