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Jurnal Akademika Kimia
Published by Universitas Tadulako
ISSN : 24775185     EISSN : 23026030     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Chemistry Education
Jurnal Akademika Kimia is an electronic open-access journal that aims to publish the latest research results in the area of chemistry education and pure chemistry from academicians, professionals, and other practitioners at all levels of chemistry education. The journal coverage includes the following: current trends of professional chemistry education, educational technology, teacher education, educational science, learning assessment, learning models and development of learning materials, as well as pure chemistry including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry and other chemistry fields such as environmental chemistry, that emphasis on a broad description of the general methods and processes for the synthesis, modification, and characterization of chemical materials.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 252 Documents
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Determination of Essential Oil Yield from Extraction and Distillation in Lemon Peel (Citrus lemon) and Kaffir lime peel (Citrus hystrix) Ray F. D. H. Edi; Sri H. V. Pulukadang; Reny Reny
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 13 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2024.v13.i3.pp82-87

Abstract

Essential oils are vegetable oils that give plants their distinctive aroma and contain essential ingredients. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of essential oil of lemon peel and kaffir lime peel by extraction and distillation. The method used in distillation is simple distillation, and for extraction, it is maceration. The results showed that the water content of the lemon peel was 3.37%. For the kaffir lime peel, it was 2.72 % when compared to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), which was not appropriate because the water content had a value of 7 - 14 %. The yield of essential oil obtained from the distillation of lemon peel was 2.29 % and kaffir lime peel 1.02 %. The yield of essential oil obtained from the extraction of lemon peel was 1.07%, and kaffir lime peel was 1.32%. The identification test of the distilled essential oil did not show any stains on the filter paper, which indicated that the result obtained was essential oil. In contrast, the identification test of the extracted essential oil showed the presence of stains on the filter paper, which indicated that the results obtained were not essential oils. To determine the quality of the essential oil produced by characterizing the refractive index, color, and odor tests. The results obtained show that the refractive index for the distillation of lemon peel is 1.3381, and for kaffir lime peel is 1.4698. The refractive index for the extraction of lemon peels is 1.3812, and kaffir lime peels is 1.369. When compared with SNI 8028-1:2014, it is generally not appropriate because it has not reached 1.507, except that the distillation of kaffir lime peels meets the requirements of SNI, while the color and smell are in accordance with SNI.
Preparation of Biochar from Mango Seed Shell as a Chromium Ion Adsorbent Mery Napitupulu; Ayla Cakrawala; Daud K. Walanda; Tri Santoso
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The study aims to utilize waste from manga fruit, especially seed shells, as raw material for chromium metal adsorbents in water. Utilizing this waste is one way to support the principle of zero waste for agricultural and plantation products. The biochar preparation process is carried out by pyrolysis, namely, burning in the absence of oxygen. To determine the adsorption capacity of biochar from mango seed shells for chromium ions, analysis was carried out by varying the biochar weight and chromium concentration. The results showed that at carbonisation temperatures of 350 oC, 400 oC, and 450 oC, the water content was 7.5 %, 6.4 %, and 6.2 %, respectively, while the ash content was 6.3 %, 5.9 %, and 5 %, respectively. 6 % respectively. The optimum biochar weight was determined using 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg, and 100 mg of biochar. In contrast, the optimum concentration was determined using biochar concentrations of 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm, and 100 ppm. The research results showed that the optimal weight of mango seed shell biochar at a biochar temperature of 450 °C was 100 mg, with a chromium absorption percentage of 92.96%. Meanwhile, the optimum concentration is 20 ppm across all biochars, with chromium absorption of 92.05% for the 450 °C biochar. Manga seed shells have economic value and environmental remediation applications, as they can be converted into adsorbents for chromium metal.
Composting as an Alternative to Waste Management at State University of Malang Eli H. Sanjaya; Abdul K. Syahroni; Much S. Alwy; Mohamad F. Setyawan; Yudhi Utomo; Agung Witjoro; Mohd F. M. D. Din
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2024.v13.i2.pp51-56

Abstract

Waste is one factor that becomes an environmental problem. The waste that is often found is inorganic and organic. One of the uses of organic waste is the production of solid organic fertilizer in the form of compost. This research utilizes dried leaves (sono leaves, teak, trembesi, kenitu, breadfruit, and ketepeng) as raw materials for making compost. The compost-making method is carried out by adding an activator called EM4 (Effective Microorganism 4). This research produced pH values, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Water Content per values under SNI 19-730-2004 regarding the specification of compost from organic waste. And the results of microbial diversity in the compost were obtained, which were dominated by microbes of the type Proteobacteria 40%, Firmicutes 30%, Actinobacteria 13%, Acidobacteria 6%, Bacteroidota 4%, Planctomycetota 3%.
Development of Green Chemistry-Based Practicum Guide Towards Generic Science Skills Muhammad A. Gifary; Siti Nuryanti; Kasmudin Mustapa
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2024.v13.i2.pp63-71

Abstract

The research on the development of a green chemistry-based practicum guide for generic science skills aimed to measure the validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The research used is Research and Development (R&D) based on the ADDIE development model. The subjects of this study were students of class XI IPA SMAS Alkhairaat Kalukubula who had been taught the subject of the polarity of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions. The instruments used in this study were validation sheets, questionnaires, and an essay test. Data were analyzed by using quantitative descriptive techniques. The results showed that the practicum guide was valid for the material aspect (84%) and the media aspect (82%). The practicum guide was rated in the practical category with a score of 86%. The effectiveness of practicum guides on generic science skills, with a Cohen effect size of 1.75 in the very large effect category and student responses at 89% in the very effective category. Based on these results, the green chemistry-based practicum guide is worthy of use.
Utilization of Purple Trumpet Flower Extract (Ruellia Tuberosa L.) as an Alternative Acid-Base Titration Indicator Sahri Labotano; Teguh Sukriawan; Sitti Aminah; Dewi S. Ahmar; Tri Santoso; Magfirah Magfirah
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2026.v15.i2.pp150-158

Abstract

Anthocyanin-containing plants have potential as environmentally friendly natural acid–base indicators. However, information regarding the suitability of Ruellia tuberosa L. flower extract as a titration indicator remains limited. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of purple trumpet flower extract (Ruellia tuberosa L.) as an alternative acid-base titration indicator. The method used for flower extraction was stepwise maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol. The extract was tested for anthocyanin content, color response in buffer solutions at pH 1–14, and performance in strong acid–strong base, weak acid–strong base, and weak base–strong acid titrations. The extract exhibited red at pH 1–3, pink at pH 4–5, colorless at pH 6–8, green at pH 9–12, and yellow at pH 13–14. Endpoint detection was comparable to phenolphthalein and methyl orange, with only slight differences in endpoint pH values. Purple trumpet flower extract shows potential as a natural acid-base indicator and may serve as an alternative for educational and laboratory applications, although further research on stability and quantitative anthocyanin content is still needed.
Analysis of Microplastic Abundance in Fish Landed from the Waters of South Leato Sea Moh. R. Darise; Weny J. A. Musa; Hendri Iyabu; Wiwin R. Kunusa; Erni Mohamad
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2026.v15.i2.pp111-120

Abstract

Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, formed by the degradation of plastic materials in aquatic environments and potentially contaminating marine biota. This study aimed to investigate the presence of microplastics in fish caught. It landed in the waters of the South Leato Sea and to identify their physical characteristics and constituent polymer types. The research samples consisted of four fish species, namely skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), scad (Decapterus macrosoma), deho (Euthynnus affinis), and oci (Selaroides leptoleptis), with the analyzed parts being the gastrointestinal tract and muscle tissue. Microplastic analysis was conducted using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) method, which included Wet Peroxide Oxidation (WPO) for the degradation of organic matter, density separation for particle separation based on density, microscopic identification to determine the morphology and abundance of microplastics, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis to identify the constituent polymer types. The results showed that the identified microplastics were categorized into three morphological forms: fibers, fragments, and films. Based on polymer analysis, the detected microplastics were predominantly composed of polyamide (nylon). The highest abundance was observed in gastrointestinal tract samples from oci and scad fish, at 0.6 particles per individual. In contrast, the lowest abundance was observed in skipjack tuna, at 0.2 particles per individual. These findings indicate variations in microplastic contamination levels among the fish species examined. This study provides important implications for understanding the extent of microplastic pollution in edible fish from the South Leato Sea and may serve as a scientific basis for environmental quality monitoring and mitigation efforts to reduce the risks of microplastic contamination in the food chain and human health.
Antioxidant Activity of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Bone Protein Hydrolysate Using the ABTS Method Nurain Dano; Deasy N. Botutihe; Nita Suleman; Nurhayati Bialangi; Najmah Najmah
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2026.v15.i2.pp121-128

Abstract

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) bones are a fishery by-product whose use remains limited, despite containing proteins that can be processed into bioactive peptides with antioxidant activity. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of protein hydrolysate and antioxidant activity from raw and cooked tilapia bones using the ABTS method. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using papain at concentrations of 4%, 6%, and 8% (b/v) at pH 7 and 55°C for 4 hours. The parameters analyzed included qualitative amino acid tests, dissolved protein levels determined by the Kjeldahl method, degree of hydrolysis based on dissolved proteins in 10% TCA, and antioxidant activity expressed as IC₅₀ values. The results showed that all samples tested positively for amino acids, including aromatic amino acids. The lowest IC₅₀ value was observed in the treatment of a ripe sample with an enzyme concentration of 8% (6.89 mg/mL), indicating the highest antioxidant activity among the treatments. This is in line with an increase in the degree of hydrolysis to 84.53% under the same conditions, as well as an increase in dissolved protein levels to up to 32.78%. These findings indicate that tilapia bone protein hydrolysate has the potential to serve as a natural source of antioxidants, particularly under optimal hydrolysis conditions.
Antioxidant Activity of Hydrolysate Protein in Skipjack Fish (Katsuwonus pelamis) Using the ABTS Method Fou F. Muksin; Deasy N. Botutihe; Erni Mohamad; Hendri Iyabu; Najmah Najmah
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2026.v15.i2.pp142-149

Abstract

Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) bones are a byproduct of the fishing industry that are rich in protein and have potential as a source of bioactive peptides. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates from raw and cooked skipjack tuna bones using the ABTS method. Hydrolysis was performed using bromelain at concentrations of 4%, 6%, and 8% at 55 °C for 4 hours pH 7.0), followed by enzyme inactivation at 85 °C for 20 minutes. Antioxidant activity was measured by IC50 determination using a UV-Vis spectrometer at 734 nm. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of skipjack tuna bone samples with the highest total protein content was observed at an enzyme concentration of 8%, namely 35.55% (raw fish bones) and 36.24% (cooked fish bones). The highest degree of hydrolysis in the raw fish bone sample reached 82.15 % and in the cooked fish bone sample reached 86.81 % with 8 % enzyme. Qualitative amino acid tests (ninhydrin, Biuret, xanthoprotein, and Millon) yielded positive results, indicating the presence of aromatic amino acids (tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine) that contribute to antioxidant activity. The lowest IC50 value was obtained in the raw fish bone sample at an 8 % concentration, namely 10.03 mg/ml, and in the cooked fish bone sample at 6.19 mg/ml at an 8 % enzyme concentration. The higher the enzyme concentration, the higher the antioxidant activity.
Duck Eggshell Biosorbent for Indigo Carmine Removal: Kinetic, Isotherm, and Adsorption Mechanism Studies Adewirli Putra; Wiya E. Fitri; Deswati Deswati; Desy Kurniawati; Lia Anggresani; Corry Handayani; Aster Rahayu
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2026.v15.i2.pp129-141

Abstract

Synthetic dye contamination from medical laboratory wastewater poses a growing environmental challenge, particularly from compounds such as indigo carmine, which are toxic, biologically recalcitrant, and detrimental to aquatic life. This research investigated duck eggshell as an eco-friendly, low-cost biosorbent for eliminating indigo carmine from medical laboratory effluents. The biosorbent was prepared by washing, oven-drying, grinding, and mild acid activation with 0.01 N HNO₃. Batch experiments were carried out by varying both the contact duration (15–60 min) and the initial dye concentration (10–50 mg/L), with residual concentrations determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Adsorption kinetics were modeled using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations, while equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Peak adsorption capacity reached 8.20 mg/g within just 15 minutes of contact. The pseudo-second-order model gave the superior fit (R² = 0.9989), reflecting that surface-mediated interactions govern the process, though diffusion contributions cannot be excluded. Under optimal conditions, dye removal reached 67.80%, demonstrating efficient and rapid uptake. The Freundlich isotherm provided the best fit to the equilibrium data (R² = 0.9735), indicating multilayer uptake on an energetically heterogeneous surface. Overall, duck eggshell proved to be a practical, cost-effective, and sustainable material for removing dye pollutants from wastewater in the medical sector.
Android Based E-Module Development Integrated Virtual Laboratory in Learning Chemistry of Electrochemical Cell Materials Ni Made Putri Savitri; Daud K. Walanda; Mery Napitupulu; Detris Poba
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Chemistry education students experience misconceptions in studying electrochemical material, especially voltaic cells and electrolytic cells, because most of it is abstract. Most students understand electrochemical material only from the macroscopic aspect, so students' understanding of electrochemical cells is relatively low; therefore, it is necessary to use the right media to help overcome misconceptions when studying electrochemical material. This research aims to develop an Android-based e-module integrated with a virtual laboratory on electrochemical cell material produced as a chemistry learning medium. This research is research and development using the ADDIE model with stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Validation of the Android-based e-module integrated with a virtual laboratory was carried out by two UNTAD chemistry education lecturers and implemented by trial on 20 chemistry education students in semesters 1 and 5. The conclusion of this research shows that the Android-based e-module integrated in the virtual laboratory is valid and feasible to use as a learning medium to overcome misconceptions experienced by chemistry education students when studying electrochemistry, as shown by the results of material validation and media validation, which were declared very valid with a value of 85.19% and 83.33%, and product trial results with a value of 81.86%, which is included in the very feasible category.

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