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Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science
Published by Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30308518     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61511/ijroms.v1i2.2024
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities,
Religion Humanities
Aim and Scope Dharmakirti: International Journal of Religion, Mind, and Science (IJROMS) is a leading peer-reviewed and open-access journal, published by Institute for Advanced Social, Science, and Sustainable Future (IASSSF), Jakarta, Indonesia, with e-ISSN: 3030-8518. IJROMS is published twice a year (February and August), and all articles published are available online with open access. Aims IJROMS aims to explore the profound connections between religion, mental processes, and scientific inquiry. The journal bridges spiritual practices with scientific discoveries to enrich understanding of how religious and mental dimensions impact and are influenced by scientific progress. Focus IJROMS focuses on innovative research that integrates religion, mental processes, and science. It encourages exploration of the interactions between religious beliefs, mental experiences, and scientific advancements. Scope This journal seeks to publish a broad range of scholarly articles, including: Interactions between Spirituality and Scientific Knowledge: Studies on how spiritual practices contribute to the development of scientific theories and vice versa, and how these domains influence each other. Impact of Religious Beliefs on Cognition and Emotion: Research on how religious beliefs shape cognitive and emotional processes and their effects on mental well-being. Connections between Spiritual Rituals and Scientific Research: Examination of how spiritual rituals and practices interact with and influence scientific research and technological innovation. Integration of Religious Perspectives in Contemporary Scientific Models: Exploration of integrative approaches where religious principles are applied in modern scientific models to create new research methodologies. Dialogue between Religious Theories and New Scientific Discoveries: Analysis of how existing religious theories adapt to new scientific discoveries and how this interaction affects religious practices. Spiritual Exploration in Scientific and Technological Contexts: Research on how spiritual perspectives influence the development of technology and scientific innovations, and the application of religious principles in technology. Social Impact of Integrating Religion, Mind, and Science: Investigation of how the integration of religion, mental processes, and science affects social dynamics and its implications for public policy and education.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 35 Documents
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The Parāvidyā–Aparāvidyā paradigm in Hindu epistemology as a foundational framework for Hindu higher education in Indonesia Donder, I Ketut; Behura, Ajit Kumar; Maheswari, Prasanthy Devi
Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science Vol. 3 No. 1: (October) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ijroms.v3i1.2025.2002

Abstract

Background: The Parāvidyā–Aparāvidyā paradigm serves as a foundational epistemological framework within the Hindu knowledge system, emphasizing the integration of material (aparā) and spiritual-transcendental (parā) dimensions. This article critically examines the relevance and urgency of this paradigm as a basis for constructing a distinct Hindu epistemology, particularly in the context of developing curricula and the educational vision of Hindu Higher Education in Indonesia. Through a philosophical analysis of primary sources such as the Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad, Chāndogya Upaniṣad, and Vedānta Sūtra, this study argues that the Parāvidyā Aparāvidyā framework not only bridges empirical and spiritual knowledge, but also offers a viable alternative to the hegemony of the Western positivist paradigm that has long dominated educational systems.  Methods: Employing a qualitative-hermeneutic and conceptual approach, this paper demonstrates that the application of this paradigm can foster a holistic educational model grounded in values of civility, spirituality, and self-awareness. Finding: The findings indicate that while awareness of the duality between spiritual and worldly knowledge is growing within Hindu Religious Higher Education Institutions/Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Hindu (PTKH), its implementation remains limited and has not yet been systematically integrated into curricula, pedagogy, or assessment practices. The findings recommend a reformulation of the epistemological orientation of Hindu Higher Education toward a learning system that balances sakala and niskala aspects, thus better equipping it to address contemporary civilizational challenges in a sustainable and Dharma-based manner. Conclusion: Through a hermeneutic and transdisciplinary approach, this research has constructed an alternative epistemic model DIKWP (Data–Information–Knowledge–Wisdom–Peace), which not only expands the conventional DIKW framework but also enriches the spiritual dimension of intellectual formation. True knowledge, from a Hindu perspective, does not culminate in wisdom alone but must result in inner transformation, manifesting as peace (śānti) and spiritual liberation (mokṣa). Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in its philosophical reconstruction of the Parāvidyā–Aparāvidyā paradigm as a comprehensive epistemological framework for Hindu Higher Education in Indonesia.
Art, inscriptions, and sacred space: A survey of Śaiva traditions in Southeast Asia Lochan, Arhana
Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science Vol. 3 No. 1: (October) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ijroms.v3i1.2025.2028

Abstract

Background: The spread of Śaiva dharma in Southeast Asia is a vital chapter in the history of cross-cultural religious and political exchange between India and the wider region. This article traces the transmission of Śaiva ideas, rituals, and temple culture to the regions such as present-day Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and also includes examples from Laos, focusing on archaeological, inscriptional, and iconographic evidence. It investigates the royal patronage of Śaiva dharma, the regional adaptations of Indian forms, and the development of indigenous expressions of Śaiva worship. Methods: This paper is based on textual analysis, visual study of temple architecture, and secondary sources. Finding: The findings show that Śaiva practices were not simply imported from India but gradually integrated into local contexts through dynamic processes of reinterpretation, royal sponsorship, and ritual localisation. The study undertakes a regional survey of the spread and localisation of Śaiva dharma across Southeast Asia, drawing on epigraphic, architectural, and textual evidence. Conclusion: This study concludes that the spread of Śaiva dharma in Southeast Asia was not a one-way transmission from India, but a process of selective adoption, creative adaptation, and localisation. By examining evidence from Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Laos, the research highlights how Śaiva traditions became deeply intertwined with local political authority, artistic production, and ritual life, producing uniquely regional forms of Śaiva practice that endured for centuries. Novelty/Originality of this article: The originality of this article lies in its comparative regional approach, which integrates epigraphic, iconographic, and architectural evidence to show how Śaiva dharma was reinterpreted within diverse Southeast Asian cultural settings.
Transformative coping and spirituality: The case of the Kakure Kirishitan during the Tokugawa period Chong, Xannon; Kimura, Kaori; Chong, Siaw Fung
Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science Vol. 3 No. 1: (October) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ijroms.v3i1.2025.2221

Abstract

Background: This study explores the historical experiences and psychological resilience of the Kakure Kirishitan (Hidden Christians) during the Tokugawa period of Japan, focusing on their coping strategies during religious persecution. The research aims to (1) understand the nature and impact of the Tokugawa regime’s suppression of Christianity and (2) analyse how the Kakure Kirishitan cope with the stress of oppression to preserve their faith by using the Transformative Coping Model (TCM).  Methods: This study applies qualitative historical analysis by synthesising scholarly literature, primary accounts, and theoretical perspectives, especially those related to stress-coping, spirituality, and resilience. The geographical and historical focus is Japan between the 17th and 19th centuries, during which Christianity was outlawed. Findings: Findings reveal that the Kakure Kirishitan employed various creative and spiritual coping mechanisms, including religious syncretism, oral transmission, symbolic secrecy, and ritual innovation. These strategies allowed them to maintain both their religious identity and communal cohesion in secret. Their use of encoded rituals and adapted theology illustrates how adversity was transformed into spiritual growth and cultural preservation. Despite psychological burdens such as fear and trauma, the Kakure Kirishitan interpreted suffering as divine testing, reinforcing their endurance across generations. Conclusion: This study concludes that the Kakure Kirishitan’s survival reflects the core principles of transformative coping—meaning-making, creativity, and collective resilience—as they shaped a unique spiritual identity under prolonged oppression. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers a novel contribution by linking the historical experience of the Kakure Kirishitan with the Transformative Coping Model (TCM), a framework rarely applied in historical religious studies.
Embodying the divine in Bali gender, ritual authority, and the politics of representation in Hindu Jero, Ni Wayan Jemiwi; Jha, Gautam Kumar; Kashiwa, Miki; Paul, Sanghati
Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science Vol. 3 No. 1: (October) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ijroms.v3i1.2025.2306

Abstract

Background: This article examines how women's bodies serve as a medium for divine power, or Śakti (transcendent feminine power), in Balinese Hindu rituals, to explain the articulation of religious authority and gender representation within patriarchal customary structures. Conceptually, this study draws on literature concerning ritual embodiment, religion as material practice, and community-based gender activism, which shows that religious authority arises from the performativity of sanctity embedded in social relations. Methods: The methods used include religious ethnography with participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and the documentation of rituals performed by female leaders such as Jero Mangku Istri and Jero Balian, as well as an in-depth case study of a female priest who her community has recognized since childhood as a medium for the goddess Danu. Finding: Women are not merely ritual performers but key actors who materialize and mediate the divine through movement, voice, and spiritual service; their authority is often not formally institutionalized but gains spiritual and symbolic legitimacy through communal recognition. These results align with the framework of ritual and material religion: transcendent experiences, the performativity of sanctity, and social networks work together to shape women's religious authority despite structural male domination. Conclusion: In conclusion, women's bodies become a field of negotiation between the sacred and the profane as well as a source of effective religious authority at the practical level. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in its empirical demonstration of how women's bodies as mediums of Śakti generate community-recognized authority despite not being formalized, as well as in its integration of religious ethnography with the framework of materialization and religion to map the dynamics of gender and power in contemporary Balinese Hinduism.
The conservation of the white cattle of Taro as a representation of Prāṇī-Dharma values, biodiversity preservation, and religious heritage Rahayu, Ni Wayan Sri; Joyo, Puspo Renan; Binawati, Ni Wayan Sariani
Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science Vol. 3 No. 1: (October) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ijroms.v3i1.2025.2308

Abstract

Background: The breeding of white cattle in Taro Village, Bali, is not merely an agricultural or economic activity, but one deeply intertwined with spiritual values rooted in the concept of Prāṇī-Dharma. In this context, white cattle are revered not only as symbols of prosperity and wealth, but also as sacred beings that embody harmony between humans and nature. This study aims to explore how the breeding of white cattle in Taro functions as a representation of Prāṇī-Dharma values, particularly in relation to the preservation of tradition and ecology.  Methods: Employing a qualitative case study approach, this research involved in-depth interviews with breeders, religious figures, and local community members, as well as field observations of rituals and cattle-rearing practices. The data were analyzed thematically to identify the connections between Hindu spiritual concepts and the practice of white cattle breeding.  Finding: The findings reveal that the breeding of Taro’s white cattle reflects an integration of spiritual and ecological dimensions within the local community. The white cattle are regarded as symbols of purity and environmental balance, protected through the principles of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Karuṇā (compassion), which lie at the heart of Prāṇī-Dharma. This practice also plays a vital role in the conservation of living beings and the preservation of local cultural traditions. Conclusion: The study concludes that the breeding of white cattle in Taro is not only a conservation practice but also a means of reinforcing moral and spiritual values within Hindu society. This research contributes to the understanding of the relationship between divine ecology and traditional conservation, enriching the discourse on how religion and local culture support environmental sustainability. Novelty/Originality of this article: The uniqueness of this study lies in the placement of white cattle breeding in Taro as an applied model of Prāṇī-Dharma, which shows how spiritual ethics directly influence conservation practices.
Analysis of the three fundamental frameworks of Hindu: Karya Agung Mamungkah Wrhespati Kalpa Utama Ngenteg Linggih at Pura Agung Mpu Kuturan Singaraja Nova, Ketut Agus; Sudiana, I Gusti Ngurah; Kartika, Ni Gusti Ayu
Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science Vol. 3 No. 2: April (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ijroms.v3i2.2026.2378

Abstract

Background: This study examines the implementation of the Karya Agung Mamungkah Wrhaspati Kalpa Utama Ngenteg Linggih at Pura Agung Mpu Kuturan, Institut Agama Hindu Negeri (IAHN) Mpu Kuturan Singaraja, through the analytical framework of the Three Basic Frameworks of Hinduism (Tattwa, Susila, and Acara). The research is motivated by the temple’s “floating” functional status, which does not fully conform to traditional classifications such as Kahyangan Jagat, Kawitan, or Swagina temples, yet accommodates a large-scale and complex ritual typically associated with universal-scale temples. Methods: Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with key informants including religious leaders, lecturers, students, and institutional authorities, as well as document analysis. The data were analyzed using an interactive model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, guided by the analytical framework of Tattwa, Susila, and Acara and supported by relevant sociological and religious theories. Findings: The findings reveal that the implementation of the ceremony is grounded in a conceptual synthesis that positions the campus temple as a hybrid form integrating elements of Kahyangan Jagat and Swagina. The ritual procession, guided by sacred texts such as Lontar Bhama Kertih, includes preparatory stages, core rituals such as Mecaru, Melaspas, and Melasti, culminating in Ngenteg Linggih as the installation of divine presence, and concluding with Masineb. This ritual has a multifaceted impact: it strengthens spirituality through experiential learning, fosters social solidarity (ngayah), enhances institutional quality and student engagement, and preserves cultural continuity across generations.  Conclusion: The study concludes that the Karya Agung functions not merely as a ritual activity but as a transformative mechanism that integrates spirituality, institutional development, and cultural preservation within the context of higher education. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study introduces the concept of the campus temple as a “spiritual laboratory,” offering an innovative integrative model of Tattwa–Susila–Acara within modern higher education institutions.
Art therapy nusantara: Integrating local arts to strengthen self-esteem and mental health Kurniawati, Anisa Yulia; Rusdiana, Fendi Krisna
Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science Vol. 3 No. 2: April (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ijroms.v3i2.2026.2456

Abstract

Background: Indonesia's rich cultural heritage provides a foundation for integrating traditional arts into psychological interventions. Art therapy has long been recognized for its significant potential in enhancing emotional regulation and self-esteem. However, most existing interventions are rooted in a Western context, thus neglecting local cultural values. This study aims to explore the application of art therapy based on local Indonesian culture as a means to enhance self-esteem and emotional well-being. Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach based on literature studies by analyzing various empirical findings related to art therapy, self-esteem, and cultural adaptation in mental health interventions. The analysis focused on identifying cultural elements that can be integrated into art therapy, such as batik-making, gamelan-playing, and pantun-writing, and examining the psychological mechanisms underlying their therapeutic impact. Findings: The study showed that the creative process in traditional arts not only serves as a means of emotional release but also encourages self-reflection, identity formation, and cultural pride. Activities such as batik-making and gamelan-playing collectively foster patience, concentration, and togetherness, which play a role in strengthening self-esteem. Furthermore, recent research, conducted in 2023–2024, demonstrated that structured art therapy can enhance multidimensional self-esteem. However, challenges such as limited facilitator competency, the risk of reducing cultural meaning, and limited access remain major obstacles to the implementation of culture-based art therapy in Indonesia. Conclusion: Integrating local arts into therapeutic practice is a promising and contextual approach to improving the mental health of Indonesians. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between mental health professionals and arts and culture practitioners to ensure that arts-based interventions maintain psychological integrity and cultural values. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study contributes to the development of culture-based psychology by proposing a conceptual model of art therapy unique to Indonesia. This model emphasizes the synergy of modern psychotherapy approaches with traditional arts wisdom as a sustainable and culturally relevant intervention to improve self-esteem and mental well-being.
Exploring the Rāmāyana relief as a pillar supporting cultural tourism identity at the Bali international convention center Negara, I Gusti Ngurah Wija; Choudhury, Subhajit; Sugiarti
Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science Vol. 3 No. 2: April (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ijroms.v3i2.2026.2653

Abstract

Background: This study explores the presence of 20 Rāmāyana relief panels at the Bali International Convention Centre (BICC) in Nusa Dua, serving as pillars of Balinese cultural tourism identity. The reliefs represent the Kakawin Rāmāyana narrative, which has been adapted into Balinese carving aesthetics through the technique of multiple-layer carving, integrating local flora and fauna symbols, Balinese Hindu cosmological principles, and the spiritual values of dharma, satya, and bhakti. Methods: Using a descriptive qualitative method with an interpretive approach, this research involved field observations, in-depth interviews with managers, and visual analysis. Findings: The results show that the relief serves as an aesthetic representation that constructs the spiritual and visual image of a world-class cultural destination; as an educational medium that facilitates the transfer of moral values, cross-cultural learning, and visual cultural diplomacy; and as a reinforcement of the socio-economic dimension through the empowerment of local artists, the preservation of traditional carving techniques, and the increase in the economic value of creativity in the premium tourism industry. Conclusion: This study confirms that the Rāmāyana relief is a strategic instrument for preserving Balinese cultural identity amid globalization, but it remains limited to a single location. Novelty/Originality of this article: Therefore, further research with a comparative, quantitative approach is recommended to broaden the generalizability of the findings.
Implementation of Tri Hita Karana practices as a strategy to increase tourist attractiveness at Moksa Ubud restaurant Harinita, Ni Luh Gede; Somawati, Ayu Veronika
Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science Vol. 3 No. 2: April (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ijroms.v3i2.2026.2659

Abstract

Background: This study aims to analyze the application of Tri Hita Karana values in the management of Moksa Ubud Restaurant and their role in attracting tourists. The concept of Tri Hita Karana, rooted in the philosophy of balance between humans and God (Parhyangan), humans and fellow humans (Pawongan), and humans and nature (Palemahan), provides an important basis for developing sustainable culinary tourism practices. Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews with restaurant managers, and documentation of activities. Data validity is established through source and method triangulation. Findings: The results show that Moksa Ubud Restaurant has successfully implemented Tri Hita Karana in all aspects of its operations. The value of Parhyangan is reflected in the spirituality and gratitude inherent in the work culture of employees; Pawongan is manifested through harmonious relationships between management, employees, and the local community; while Palemahan is applied through environmentally friendly practices such as organic farming, waste management, and the use of local ingredients. The promotional strategy, which highlights sustainability and culinary experiences rooted in local wisdom, has proven effective in attracting tourists, especially ecotourists and millennials. Conclusion: The impact of implementing Tri Hita Karana can be seen in increased tourist visits, economic empowerment of the surrounding community, and the preservation of cultural values and traditional farming practices that directly involve tourists. Novelty/Originality of this article: Thus, the implementation of Tri Hita Karana at Moksa Ubud Restaurant is not only a cultural identity but also a sustainability strategy that strengthens the appeal of culinary tourism in Ubud.
Development of local wisdom-based ecotourism traditional houses in the digital age Sarka, I Ketut; Thao, Phung Thi
Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science Vol. 3 No. 2: April (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ijroms.v3i2.2026.2701

Abstract

Background: In the post-pandemic era, Bali’s tourism industry has shifted toward natural attractions to avoid mass tourism. In Sembung Village, Badung, the development of ecotourism rooted in tradition and culture is now integrated with digital technology. This study aims to analyze the development of ecotourism in the region while preserving the philosophical values of traditional Balinese houses from excessive commodification. Methods: This study uses a qualitative research approach to understand why and how the potential of traditional Balinese houses can be developed into a sustainable ecotourism model. Findings: The development of traditional house-based ecotourism in Sembung Village in the digital era is at the crossroads of conservation through commercialization and authenticity versus modernization. Conclusion: The key differentiator (strategic strength) of Sembung Village lies in the philosophical authenticity of its traditional houses, which modern resorts cannot replicate. The development strategy should focus on Digital Narrative-Based Marketing that uses in-depth storytelling to attract the sustainable tourism market segment that values ethics and education. Technology becomes a bridge to narrate philosophy, not just a tool for mass promotion. The most appropriate sustainable tourism model is the Education-Homestay model, managed through the Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes). Novelty/Originality of this article: This research bridges the research gap by offering a development model in Sembung Village, where digital technology is not only used for promotion but also as an educational tool to preserve the philosophy of traditional houses.

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