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Konsensus: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Published by Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
ISSN : 30484405     EISSN : 30481325     DOI : 10.62383
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
KONSENSUS : Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Komunikasi in particular covering the study of Communication, Politics, Government, International Relations, and Social Affairs.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Komunikasi
Articles 228 Documents
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Batas Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Civilian Combatants dalam Perspektif Hukum Humaniter Internasional Putu Fairnanda Sastra Devi; Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku; Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): April : Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v3i2.1651

Abstract

The development of modern armed conflicts shows the increasing involvement of civilians in hostilities, which has given rise to the phenomenon of civilian combatants and created ambiguity in the classification of subjects in International Humanitarian Law. This study aims to analyze the legal status of civilians involved in armed conflicts and the limits of legal protection inherent to them. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual approach, through an analysis of international legal instruments and relevant doctrines. The results show that civilian combatants are not explicitly recognized in international humanitarian law, thus creating uncertainty in determining their legal status. Furthermore, protection for civilians is conditional and can be temporarily lost when individuals engage in direct participation in hostilities, with limits determined by the principles of distinction and proportionality. These findings confirm that the limits of legal protection are dynamic and depend on individual actions in conflict. The implications of this study indicate the need for strengthened legal interpretation and more consistent implementation to ensure legal certainty and protection for civilians in modern armed conflicts.
Peran Pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Lingkungan Sekolah dalam Membentuk Karakter Siswa yang Berakhlak, Berwawasan Kebangsaan dan Cinta Tanah Air Irpan Irpan; Syamzaimar Syamzaimar
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): April : Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v3i2.1713

Abstract

Civic Education holds a strategic position within the national education system as the primary instrument for shaping the personality of citizens in alignment with the values of Pancasila. This research is motivated by the phenomenon of moral degradation and the fading spirit of nationalism among the younger generation due to the unfiltered influence of globalization. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the extent of Civic Education's role in the school environment in transforming student character to possess noble morals, broad national insight, and a deep love for the motherland. The research method employed is a literature study with a qualitative approach, where data were collected through the analysis of various curriculum documents, scientific journals, and textbooks relevant to the implementation of the independent curriculum. Research findings indicate that Civic Education is not merely a theoretical transfer of civic knowledge but rather an effective process of value internalization through behavioral habituation within the school environment. The integration of teaching materials with practical applications in school life is proven to increase students' awareness of their rights and obligations as citizens. The analysis also reveals that strengthening moral character and national insight highly depends on teacher creativity in delivering interactive learning that is relevant to the students' social reality. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of revitalizing Civic Education teaching methods to be more adaptive to modern developments without losing national identity. Schools are expected to serve as laboratories of democracy and centers for sowing patriotic values to produce a golden generation that is not only intellectually competent but also possesses strong moral integrity to maintain the integrity of the Republic of Indonesia.
Eksekusi Putusan Perdata Pasca Mediasi Elektronik Gagal: Penyebab dan Solusi Normatif menurut PERMA No. 3 Tahun 2022 Muhammad Dhimas Khoirul Alam; Ruben Theofilus Chrysostomus; Anggi Sri Haryati Simarmata
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): April : Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v3i2.1617

Abstract

The development of information technology has transformed civil dispute resolution mechanisms in Indonesia, most notably through the issuance of Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 3 of 2022 on Electronic Mediation in Courts. Despite the normative framework it provides, the implementation of electronic mediation continues to face persistent challenges, particularly regarding limited digital infrastructure, low digital literacy among disputing parties, and insufficient technical capacity of mediators. More critically, when electronic mediation fails to produce a settlement agreement, the subsequent enforcement of civil court decisions encounters serious normative gaps not yet adequately addressed by existing legal instruments. This study aims to identify and analyze the causes of civil judgment enforcement failures arising in the context of failed electronic mediation under PERMA Number 3 of 2022, and to propose normative solutions for the identified regulatory gaps. Using a normative juridical method supported by statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, this study finds that the primary causes of enforcement failure include the absence of clear legal standards governing electronically signed peace deeds, weak synchronization between PERMA Number 3 of 2022 and civil procedural law on execution, and procedural obstacles in enforcing decisions that originate from electronic proceedings. This study recommends targeted regulatory reform to ensure that peace agreements resulting from electronic mediation carry unambiguous executorial force and that enforcement mechanisms are adapted to accommodate the distinctive characteristics of electronic dispute resolution.
Parlemen Daerah Tanpa Anggota: Legislative Vacuum di Balik Putusan MK Nomor 135/PUU-XXII/2024 Seni Kamalia Rizki Fathullah; Ni Ketut Sari Adnyani
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): April : Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v3i2.1622

Abstract

Constitutional Court Decision No. 135/PUU-XXII/2024, which separates the schedules for national elections (2029) and regional elections (2031), has the potential to create a legislative vacuum or institutional void in the Regional People’s Representative Councils (DPRD) during the 2029–2031 transition period. This is because the terms of office for DPRD members elected in the 2024 elections end in 2029, while the next elections will not be held until 2031, and there are currently no transitional provisions governing the mechanism for filling these vacancies. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the decision regarding the potential for a DPRD vacancy and to evaluate the limits of the Constitutional Court’s authority in determining the design of synchronized elections. Using a normative legal research method with legislative, conceptual, and case-based approaches, this study identified three alternative mechanisms for filling DPRD vacancies: by-elections, term extensions, or amending the law with transitional provisions. The term extension option is deemed the most proportionate as it prioritizes legal certainty and legitimacy. This ruling has also sparked debate as it is viewed as exceeding the Constitutional Court’s authority as a negative legislator and entering the realm of open legal policy, although substantively it opens space for strengthening local democracy. The government and the House of Representatives are recommended to immediately revise the Election Law and the Regional Government Law by adding transitional provisions that explicitly regulate the mechanism for filling vacancies in the Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD) during the 2029–2031 transition period in a careful and participatory manner.
Nikel untuk Siapa? Keamanan Manusia, Kerusakan Lingkungan, dan Tantangan Transisi Energi Global di Indonesia Andi Sabrina Al Fiddini; Nur Isdah
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Juni: Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v3i3.1722

Abstract

Behind the narrative that Indonesia is the world’s battery king and a global hub for the energy transition lies a fact that is rarely acknowledged. Local communities in nickel mining regions across Sulawesi, North Maluku, and West Papua face ecological damage that threatens their livelihoods. Soaring demand for nickel, driven by the global electric vehicle boom, is fueling mining expansion and imposing social and environmental challenges on communities most dependent on these ecosystems. This study combines the frameworks of Human Security (United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 1994), Political Ecology, and Just Transition to demonstrate that power dynamics within the global nickel supply chain result in an asymmetrical distribution of burdens. Multinational corporations and consumer nations reap the benefits, while water and marine pollution, the destruction of indigenous communities, and damage to coastal ecosystems and tropical forests result from these relationships, creating hardships for local communities due to the loss of nature-based livelihoods. A critical literature review of empirical documentation in Morowali, Central Halmahera, Kolaka, and Raja Ampat districts indicates that these conditions constitute a form of structured transitional injustice, not merely the result of development. Social-ecological exclusion is actively legitimized by the narrative of “green nickel” and national downstreaming policies. The urgent priority that must be addressed immediately is to shift Indonesia’s energy transition policy toward ensuring the well-being of local communities, rather than focusing solely on export growth.
Legal Voids in the Regulation of Immaterial Compensation and the Role of General Court Judges in Building Progressive Judicial Standards Ismu Bahaiduri Febri Kurnia; Azis Budianto
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Juni: Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v3i3.1745

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legal vacuum and normative ambiguity in the regulation of immaterial damages in Indonesian civil law and reconstruct the role of general court judges in developing progressive judicial standards. Normatively, Articles 1243, 1246, and 1365 of the Civil Code recognize the existence of "loss" as a basis for awarding compensation, but do not provide an explicit definition, objective parameters, or quantification standards for immaterial losses. This condition creates a wide scope for judges' discretion and impacts disparity in decisions in general judicial practice, thereby weakening legal certainty and predictability. The study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach to examine the construction of norms, court decision practices, and the legitimacy of legal discovery by judges based on the Law on Judicial Power. The study results indicate that the vacuum in the regulation of immaterial damages quantification requires an active role of judges in conducting legal discovery in a measured manner through the application of the principles of proportionality, propriety, and substantive justice. As a model for legal reform, this study recommends jurisprudence consolidation and judicial guidelines development by the Supreme Court to establish consistent and accountable standards. Thus, general court judges function not merely as mouthpieces of the law, but as actors in legal reform within a state based on the rule of law that ensures a balance between certainty and justice.
Reconstruction of Supervision and Legal Accountability for the Misuse of Post-Death Notarial Deeds in the Digital Notarial Administration System Kartika Kartika; KMS Herman
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Juni: Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v3i3.1747

Abstract

This study examines notarial deeds as authentic instruments that possess perfect evidentiary power and play an essential role in ensuring legal certainty for the public. Problems arise when a notary dies while the protocols and deeds they have created remain in circulation and continue to be used in various legal relationships. This situation creates a normative legal gap regarding accountability for the misuse of deeds after the notary’s death, particularly within a notarial administration system that is gradually transforming toward digitalization. Digitalization improves efficiency, accelerates document distribution, and expands access to notarial services, but it also increases risks of misuse, manipulation, and unauthorized use of deeds due to insufficient control mechanisms. The existing supervisory system, which is still focused on individual notaries, is unable to effectively address risks arising after the termination of office due to death, resulting in suboptimal legal protection for related parties. This study aims to analyze weaknesses in the post-death notary supervision and liability system and to formulate a reconstructed supervision and accountability model in the digital notarial administration system. The research employs a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and systematic approaches. The findings identify normative gaps, weak protocol supervision, and the absence of an integrated national digital system. The proposed reconstruction includes shifting liability from personal to institutional responsibility, establishing institution-based supervision, and developing a digital system equipped with authentication, audit, and access control mechanisms.
Problem Solving Over Regulasi di Indonesia Muhammad Khaidir Kahfi Natsir
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Juni: Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v3i3.1755

Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of regulatory obesity in Indonesia and its implications for legal stability and economic development. As a state based on the rule of law, Indonesia faces challenges arising from the excessive number of regulations and frequent regulatory changes influenced by political interests. This research aims to identify the factors contributing to overlapping regulations and regulatory conflicts and to analyze their impact on governance and economic activities. A qualitative approach was employed using secondary data from official documents, legislation, and relevant literature. The findings show that between 2014 and 2019, Indonesia issued 10,180 regulations, including laws, government regulations, presidential regulations, and ministerial regulations. The large number of regulations has created policy disharmony, particularly across interconnected sectors, resulting in legal uncertainty, administrative inefficiency, and obstacles to economic growth. Furthermore, excessive regulation generates confusion among the public and business actors while reducing the effectiveness of policy implementation. This study recommends the adoption of the Omnibus Law approach as a strategic solution to simplify regulations, improve legal coherence, and enhance regulatory effectiveness. Regulatory reform is therefore essential to create a fair, transparent, and responsive legal environment that supports sustainable development and effective governance in Indonesia.
Genomic Insecurity: Kebocoran Data 23andMe dan Transformasi Biosecurity terhadap Identitas Genetik dalam Perspektif Human Security Adinda Gladys Hartisya; Imam Fadhil Nugraha
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Juni: Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v3i3.1770

Abstract

This paper analyzes the genetic data breach experienced by the biotechnology company 23andMe in 2023 and its impact on individual security, focusing on the transformation of genetic data into an instrument of power within the framework of non-traditional security threats. Using a descriptive analytical method based on a literature review, this paper explores three main dimensions; the credential stuffing attack mechanism that exploited the DNA Relatives feature, thereby exposing millions of user accounts globally; the operationalization of corporate biopower through the Direct-to-Consumer model that positions 23andMe as a non-state biological administrator, and the relational and hereditary nature of genetic data that extends the threat to family networks and future generations. These are analyzed through the integration of Michel Foucault’s biopolitical theory and human security, with the dimension of health security serving as the primary analytical framework. Therefore, this paper demonstrates that the 23andMe data breach is not merely a technical cyber failure, but rather a manifestation of the shift in the logic of bio-surveillance from state authorities to the realm of commercial corporations, creating permanent, systemic, and unequal vulnerabilities.
Implementasi Otonomi Daerah: Tantangan dan Peluang bagi Pemerintah Daerah dalam Meningkatkan Pelayanan Masyarakat dan Kualitas Hidup Warga Indra Prayoga Yuspika; Riyan Saputra; Muhammad Yazid Zidan; Khikmawanto Khikmawanto
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Juni: Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v3i3.1772

Abstract

This research explores how decentralization policies contribute to improving the quality of public services at the local government level. A qualitative descriptive approach was applied by collecting data through interviews, field observations, and document reviews in several regional government institutions that have implemented delegated authority. The findings reveal that decentralization can enhance service delivery when supported by effective decision-making processes, fair allocation of resources, and the ability of institutions to respond to community needs. Nevertheless, the outcomes largely depend on the readiness of institutions, the capability of human resources, and the consistent application of transparency and accountability principles. In practice, several obstacles remain, including bureaucratic inefficiencies and limited coordination between administrative units, which may reduce policy effectiveness. To address these issues, strengthening institutional capacity, improving organizational structures, and promoting good governance are essential. Furthermore, encouraging greater public involvement is considered important to ensure that public services become more adaptive, transparent, and aligned with societal needs.

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