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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26568624     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35882/ijeeemi
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics (IJEEEMI) publishes peer-reviewed, original research and review articles in an open-access format. Accepted articles span the full extent of the Electronics, Biomedical, and Medical Informatics. IJEEEMI seeks to be the world’s premier open-access outlet for academic research. As such, unlike traditional journals, IJEEEMI does not limit content due to page budgets or thematic significance. Rather, IJEEEMI evaluates the scientific and research methods of each article for validity and accepts articles solely on the basis of the research. Likewise, by not restricting papers to a narrow discipline, IJEEEMI facilitates the discovery of the connections between papers, whether within or between disciplines. The scope of the IJEEEMI, covers: Electronics: Intelligent Systems, Neural Networks, Machine Learning, Fuzzy Systems, Digital Signal Processing, Image Processing, Electromedical: Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, Artificial intelligence in biomedical imaging, Machine learning and Pattern Recognition in a biomedical signal, Medical Diagnostic Instrumentation, Laboratorium Instrumentation, Medical Calibrator Design. Medical Informatics: Intelligent Biomedical Informatics, Computer-aided medical decision support systems using heuristic, Educational computer-based programs pertaining to medical informatics
Articles 21 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): May" : 21 Documents clear
Modified Doppler Healthy Pregnancy Monitoring (MODEM-KES) to speed up examinations of pregnant women Cory’ah, Fitra Arsy Nur; Suseno, Mutiara Rachmawati; Faiqah, Syajaratuddur; Megantari, Ayu Dini; Amrinsani, Farid
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v7i2.39

Abstract

Monitoring fetal health is a major factor in ensuring a healthy pregnancy and safe delivery. However, in Indonesia, especially in remote areas, limited access to quality health services, lack of sophisticated medical equipment, and difficulty reaching health facilities are serious challenges that contribute to high maternal and infant mortality rates. This study developed MODEM-KES (Modified Doppler Healthy Pregnancy Monitoring) which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of MODEM-KES in supporting health workers, especially midwives in remote areas, in conducting pregnancy monitoring more practically, accurately, and quickly. This tool integrates three important indicators: gestational age estimation, fetal weight estimation, and fetal heart rate, using Doppler sensors and fundus uteri height (FUH) measurements combined with digital methods. The research method involved testing the MODEM-KES prototype against standard tools, such as metline for FUH measurement and Doppler for FHR, with five measurements on each respondent with a gestational age of 26-40 weeks. Results showed that the difference in results between MODEM-KES and standardized tools was relatively small: FUH had a difference of 0-3 cm with an error rate of 0%-10.75%, FHR had a difference of -4/min to 4/min with an error rate of -3.0%-3.1%, and estimated fetal weight had a difference of 0-465 grams with an error rate of 0%-18.8%. Although the accuracy rate varies, MODEM-KES still shows potential as an alternative pregnancy monitoring tool that is practical and easy to use.
Application Of Electrical Impedance Tomography For Detecting Meat (Body Tissue): A Study On Frequency And Amplitude Variations Aisya, Rohadatul; Samatha, Syifa Candiki; Ain, Khusnul; Astuti, Suryani Dyah
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v7i2.54

Abstract

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is an emerging non-invasive imaging technique with significant potential for detecting tissue anomalies; however, its performance is highly sensitive to variations in the frequency and amplitude of the injected electrical signals, which can lead to challenges in accurately differentiating between tissue types and detecting subtle pathological changes. This study aims to optimize EIT performance by systematically investigating the impact of signal frequency and amplitude on image reconstruction quality, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy. A portable multi-frequency EIT system was developed using Analog Discovery 2 and MATLAB, featuring a 16-electrode configuration arranged evenly around a tissue phantom, with beef tissue serving as an analog for human tissue due to its comparable conductivity properties. The experimental protocol varied signal amplitudes from 0.4 mA to 1.0 mA and frequencies from 50 kHz to 120 kHz, while two reconstruction algorithms the Gauss-Newton method and the GREIT algorithm were employed to evaluate image quality. Results demonstrated that the Gauss-Newton method achieved superior image clarity, with an approximate 18% improvement in reconstruction accuracy and a 20% reduction in noise at an optimal setting of 100 kHz frequency and 0.8 mA amplitude. Although the GREIT method provided faster reconstruction times, its lower sensitivity to amplitude variations resulted in less detailed anomaly detection. Overall, these findings underscore the critical importance of optimizing electrical parameters in EIT systems to enhance diagnostic capabilities. Future research should focus on integrating machine learning algorithms for real-time image processing and expanding the evaluation to include diverse tissue models to further improve the clinical applicability and robustness of EIT-based diagnostics.
Privacy-Preserving Healthcare Analytics in Indonesia Using Lightweight Blockchain and Federated Learning: Current Landscape and Open Challenges Mardiansyah, Viddi; Bayuaji, Luhur; Herlistiono, Iwa Ovyawan; Violina, Sriyani; Purnama, Adi; Prasetyo, Bagus Alit; Huynh, Phuoc-Hai
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v7i2.63

Abstract

Healthcare data are invaluable assets in today’s digital age; however, they are also highly vulnerable to misuse, breaches, and unauthorized access. The global healthcare sector faces a significant dilemma: To leverage exceptionally enormous and heterogeneous datasets, the protection of patient privacy must be ensured while simultaneously improving medical services and public health understanding. In recent years, blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to manage healthcare data in a decentralized, transparent, tamperproof, as well as secure way. However, several natural limitations often obstruct many conventional blockchain systems. These limitations include scalability issues, high energy consumption, in addition to increased latency, and they can greatly impede practical adoption in resource-limited settings, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. These many limitations considerably spurred developers to create lightweight blockchain frameworks. These frameworks aim to retain all of the core benefits of blockchain, such as its immutability in addition to traceability, and optimize both performance and efficiency. In the event that an individual integrates the proposed system by means of federated learning, which allows training of machine learning models across distributed data sources without data privacy being compromised, the system subsequently offers a compelling solution for healthcare analytics that preserves privacy in its entirety. This paper explores integrated technologies in Indonesian healthcare and highlights their potential and limitations. This study discusses how data can improve services while protecting patient confidentiality despite increasing cyber threats. It also considers regional policies like the Personal Data Protection Law and the BPJS health insurance. Identified are certain open challenges, in addition to particular future research directions, for the purpose of addressing the practical, technical, and regulatory hurdles that must be overcome to realize secure and privacy-aware healthcare analytics in Indonesia.
Acute effects of methadone on neural oscillations: an EEG study of theta, alpha, beta power, and frontal alpha asymmetry in opioid rehabilitation patients Nadiya, Ulfah; Simbolon, Artha Ivonita; Kusumandari, Dwi Esti; Rahmawati, Annida; Amri, M Faizal; Wibowo, Jony Winaryo; Danasasmita, Febrianti Santiardi; Sobana, Siti Aminah; Iskandar, Shelly; Turnip, Arjon
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v7i2.64

Abstract

Methadone is a synthetic opioid that commonly employed in opioid substitution therapy (OST) to reduce withdrawal symptoms and suppress cravings in individuals with opioid use disorder. While its pharmacological effects are well-documented, the neurophysiological changes it induces especially during acute administration remain underexplored. This study aims to address that gap by investigating methadone-induced alterations in brain oscillatory activity through electroencephalography (EEG). Specifically, it examines changes in theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), and beta (12–30 Hz) frequency bands, along with frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) for F4-F3 and F8-F7, a biomarker associated with emotional and cognitive processing. EEG data were collected from patients enrolled in opioid rehabilitation programs both prior to and one hour following oral methadone intake. The results revealed a significant global decrease in theta power, notably within the frontal, temporal, and occipital cortices. This reduction may reflect changes in executive functioning, emotional regulation, and increased sedation. In contrast, alpha power showed a marked increase, particularly in the central, parietal, and occipital regions, suggesting reduced sensory processing and heightened sedation or attentional disengagement. Meanwhile, beta power was consistently reduced across cortical regions, pointing toward decreased cortical arousal and cognitive alertness. FAA analysis revealed high variability among participants, indicating that methadone's influence on emotional valence and approach-avoidance behavior may differ significantly across individuals. These findings underscore methadone’s sedative and stabilizing effects on neural activity and support its clinical role in managing opioid dependence. Further research into inter-individual differences in EEG responses may inform more personalized and effective OST protocols.
Effectiveness of SMOTE in Enhancing Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis Predictive Performance With Missforest Imputation And Random Forest Musyaffa, Muhammad Hafizh; Saragih, Triando Hamonangan; Nugrahadi, Dodon Turianto; Kartini, Dwi; Farmadi, Andi
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v7i2.66

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), originally described by Leo Kanner in 1943, is a complex developmental condition that manifests through social, emotional, and behavioral challenges, often including speech delays and difficulties in interpersonal interactions. Despite significant advancements in diagnostic criteria over the years, accurate diagnosis of ASD in adults remains challenging due to limited access to comprehensive datasets and inherent methodological constraints. The Autism Screening Adult dataset used in this study exemplifies these issues, as it contains missing values and exhibits a marked class imbalance, both of which can adversely affect model performance. To address these challenges, we proposed a framework that integrates Random Forest classification with MissForest imputation and the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). MissForest effectively imputes missing data by employing an iterative random forest approach that preserves the underlying structure of the data without relying on strict parametric assumptions. Meanwhile, SMOTE generates synthetic samples for the minority class, thereby balancing the dataset and reducing prediction bias. Experimental evaluation through 10-Fold Cross Validation demonstrated that the application of SMOTE significantly enhanced model performance. Notably, the overall accuracy improved from 70.17% to 79.32%, and the AUC-ROC increased from 47.13% to 85.84%, indicating a robust improvement in the model’s ability to distinguish between positive and negative cases. These results underscore the critical importance of addressing data imbalance and missing values in predictive modeling for ASD. The promising outcomes of this study provide a solid foundation for developing more reliable diagnostic tools for adult ASD, and future research may further refine feature selection and incorporate additional data sources to optimize performance even further.
Hybrid Feature Selection and Balancing Data Approach for Improved Software Defect Prediction Febrian, Muhamad Michael; Saputro, Setyo Wahyu; Saragih, Triando Hamonangan; Abadi, Friska; Herteno, Rudy
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v7i2.67

Abstract

Software Defect Prediction (SDP) plays a vital role in identifying defects within software modules. Accurate early detection of software defects can reduce development costs and enhance software reliability. However, SDP remains a significant challenge in the software development lifecycle. This study employs Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and addresses several challenges associated with its application, including noisy attributes, high-dimensional data, and imbalanced class distribution. To address these challenges, this study proposed a hybrid filter-based feature selection and class balancing method. The feature selection process incorporates Chi-Square (CS), Correlation-Based Feature Selection (CFS), and Correlation Matrix-Based Feature Selection (CMFS), which have been proven effective in reducing noisy and redundant attributes. Additionally, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) is applied to mitigate class imbalance in the dataset. The K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm is employed as the classification model due to its simplicity, non-parametric nature, and suitability for handling the feature subsets produced. Performance evaluation is conducted using the Area Under Curve (AUC) metric with a significance threshold of 0.05 to assess classification capability.  The proposed method achieved an AUC of 0.872, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing predictive performance. The proposed method was also superior to other combinations such as PSO SMOTE (0.0043), PSO SMOTE CS (0.0091), PSO SMOTE CFS (0.0111), and PSO SMOTE CFS CMFS (0.0007). The findings of this study show that the proposed method significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of PSO in software defect prediction tasks. This hybrid strategy demonstrates strong potential as a robust solution for future research and application in predictive software quality assurance.
Enhancing Imbalanced Data Handling Using MWMOTE and K-Means Clustering Untoro, Meida Cahyo
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v7i2.69

Abstract

Machine learning and data mining, the quality of a dataset significantly influences model performance. One common issue is data imbalance, where one class in a dataset has significantly fewer samples than another. This imbalance can lead to biased models that favor the majority class, resulting in poor predictive performance for minority class instances. To address this issue, this study employs a resampling approach using the MWMOTE (Majority Weighted Minority Oversampling Technique) method, enhanced with K-Means Clustering. The MWMOTE algorithm generates synthetic samples for the minority class, while K-Means Clustering helps improve the distribution of generated samples by forming well-structured clusters. Experimental results on 10 different datasets demonstrate that the proposed MWMOTE + K-Means approach significantly improves classification performance. Compared to the baseline accuracy of 70%, the proposed method enhances precision by 10%, recall by 40%, and F-measure by 40%. However, the computational cost is slightly increased due to the additional clustering step required for synthetic data generation. Despite the increased computation time, the improvement in classification metrics suggests that integrating K-Means with MWMOTE is a promising technique for handling imbalanced data. Future research could explore optimizing the computational efficiency of this approach and comparing it with other oversampling techniques.
Enhancing Software Defect Prediction: HHO-Based Wrapper Feature Selection with Ensemble Methods Fauzan Luthfi, Achmad; Herteno, Rudy; Abadi, Friska; Adi Nugroho, Radityo; Itqan Mazdadi, Muhammad; Athavale, Vijay Anant
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/f2140043

Abstract

The growing complexity of data across domains highlights the need for effective classification models capable of addressing issues such as class imbalance and feature redundancy. The NASA MDP dataset poses such challenges due to its diverse characteristics and highly imbalanced classes, which can significantly affect model accuracy. This study proposes a robust classification framework integrating advanced preprocessing, optimization-based feature selection, and ensemble learning techniques to enhance predictive performance. The preprocessing phase involved z-score standardization and robust scaling to normalize data while reducing the impact of outliers. To address class imbalance, the ADASYN technique was employed. Feature selection was performed using Binary Harris Hawk Optimization (BHHO), with K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) used as an evaluator to determine the most relevant features. Classification models including Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Stacking were evaluated using performance metrics such as accuracy, AUC, precision, recall, and F1-measure. Experimental results indicated that the Stacking model achieved superior performance in several datasets, with the MC1 dataset yielding an accuracy of 0.998 and an AUC of 1.000. However, statistical significance testing revealed that not all observed improvements were meaningful; for example, Stacking significantly outperformed SVM but did not show a significant difference when compared to RF in terms of AUC. This underlines the importance of aligning model choice with dataset characteristics. In conclusion, the integration of advanced preprocessing and metaheuristic optimization contributes positively to software defect prediction. Future research should consider more diverse datasets, alternative optimization techniques, and explainable AI to further enhance model reliability and interpretability.
Analysis of the Effect of Feature Extraction on Sentiment Analysis using BiLSTM: Monkeypox Case Study on X/Twitter Noryasminda; Saragih, Triando Hamonangan; Herteno, Rudy; Faisal, Mohammad Reza; Farmadi, Andi
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v7i2.73

Abstract

The monkeypox outbreak has again become a global concern due to its widespread spread in various countries. Information related to the disease is widely shared through social media, especially Twitter which is a major source of public opinion. However, the complexity of language and the diverse viewpoints of users often pose challenges in accurately analyzing sentiment. Therefore, sentiment analysis of tweets about monkeypox is important to understand public perception and its impact on the dissemination of health information. This research contributes to identifying the most effective word embedding-based feature extraction method for sentiment analysis of health issues on social media. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of word embedding methods namely Word2Vec, GloVe, and FastText in sentiment analysis of tweets about monkeypox using the BiLSTM model. Data totaling 1511 tweets were collected through a crawling process using the Twitter API. After the data is collected, manual labeling is done into three sentiment categories, namely positive, negative, and neutral. Furthermore, the data is processed through a preprocessing stage which includes data cleaning, case folding, tokenization, stopword removal, and stemming. The evaluation results show that FastText with BiLSTM produces the highest accuracy of 90%, followed by Word2Vec at 89%, and GloVe at 87%. FastText proved to be more effective in reducing classification errors, especially in distinguishing between negative and positive sentiments due to its ability to capture subword information and broader context. These findings suggest that the use of FastText can improve the accuracy of sentiment analysis, especially on health issues that develop on social media, so that it can support data-driven decision making by relevant parties in handling information dissemination. 
The Role of U-Net Segmentation for Enhancing Deep Learning-based Dental Caries Classification Yassar, Muhammad Keysha Al; Fitria, Maya; Oktiana, Maulisa; Yufnanda, Muhammad Aditya; Saddami, Khairun; Muchtar, Kahlil; Isma, Teuku Reza Auliandra
Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektromedik, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijeeemi.v7i2.75

Abstract

Dental caries, one of the most prevalent oral diseases, can lead to severe complications if left untreated. Early detection is crucial for effective intervention, reducing treatment costs, and preventing further deterioration. Recent advancements in deep learning have enabled automated caries detection based on clinical images; however, most existing approaches rely on raw or minimally processed images, which may include irrelevant structures and noise, such as the tongue, lips, and gums, potentially affecting diagnostic accuracy. This research introduces a U-Net-based tooth segmentation model, which is applied to enhance the performance of dental caries classification using ResNet-50, InceptionV3, and ResNeXt-50 architectures. The methodology involves training the teeth segmentation model using transfer learning from backbone architectures ResNet-50, VGG19, and InceptionV3, and evaluating its performance using IoU and Dice Score. Subsequently, the classification model is trained separately with and without segmentation using the same hyperparameters for each model with transfer learning, and their performance is compared using a confusion matrix and confidence interval. Additionally, Grad-CAM visualization was performed to analyze the model's attention and decision-making process. Experimental results show a consistent performance improvement across all models with the application of segmentation. ResNeXt-50 achieved the highest accuracy on segmented data, reaching 79.17%, outperforming ResNet-50 and InceptionV3. Grad-CAM visualization further confirms that segmentation plays a crucial role in directing the model’s focus to relevant tooth areas, improving classification accuracy and reliability by reducing background noise. These findings highlight the significance of incorporating tooth segmentation into deep learning models for caries detection, offering a more precise and reliable diagnostic tool. However, the confidence interval analysis indicates that despite consistent improvements across all metrics, the observed differences may not be statistically significant.

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