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Resti Nurmala Dewi
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JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN
Published by Universitas Syiah Kuala
ISSN : 14125064     EISSN : 23561661     DOI : https://doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v18i2.34018
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy Engineering
The Journal of Chemical Engineering and Environment is an open access journal that publishes papers on chemical engineering and environmental engineering. The following topics are included in these sciences: Food and biochemical engineering Catalytic reaction engineering Clean energy technology Environmental and safety technology Fundamentals of chemical engineering and applied industrial engineering Industrial chemical engineering Material science engineering Process and control engineering Polymer and petrochemical technology Membrane technology Agro-industrial technology Separation and purification technology Environmental modelling Environmental and information sciences Water and waste water treatment and management Material flow analysis Mechanisms of clean development
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Bioengineering
Articles 319 Documents
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Utilization of CO2 Gas Emission Into Economically Valuable Products In the Form of Carbonate and Alcohol: Article Review Nuryoto Nuryoto; Heri Heriyanto; Rafiif Nur Tahta Bagaskara
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 19, No 2 (2024): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan (December, 2024)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v19i2.37741

Abstract

Climate change can trigger increases in extreme temperature, ice melt, rising sea levels, and changes in precipitation patterns. The contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2) for that causes climate change has a large contribution. Quick and precise steps to reduce CO2 emissions must be taken to avoid further negative impacts, one of which is converting CO2 gas into an economically valuable product. This study is a literature review focused on the utilization of CO2 gas to produce products in the form of sodium carbonate and methanol. The hope was that this study would provide initial information to understand the condition of the chemical reaction process that can produce maximum, effective, and efficient sodium carbonate and methanol products. The purpose of this research was to conduct an analysis related to the variable that affected the chemical reaction in the synthesis of sodium carbonate and methanol using CO2 gas as the raw material, referring to previous research. The study results show that the pH parameter could be used as preliminary information to predict that the absorption process of SOx, NOx and CO2 had occurred in the solvent and chemical reactions. In another study which methanon synthesis, the highest CO2 conversion was achieved using a Cu- ZnOMOF/Al2O3 catalyst, which was 9.1% with selectivity of 86.9%.
A New Superabsorbent Polymer Derived from Acrylamide and Fine Coal Khotib, Mohammad; Mas'ud, Zainal Alim; Eriza, Nurul; Subastiar, Ian; Nasrudin, M Fikry
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 19, No 2 (2024): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (December, 2024)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v19i2.37341

Abstract

The fine coal was a by-product of the mechanical coal processing used at the coal mine, that can be converted to added value materials. The objective of this study to obtain the new superabsorbent polymers (SAP) derived from fine coal. The SAP synthesis was conducted via a free radical polymerization with various percentage of fine coal is 10; 25; and 40% of acrylamide and fine coal total. The copolymerization was carried out for 3 h at 70 C, followed by subsequent saponification with 1 M NaOH for 2 h. The superabsorbent composite was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectra revealed that the acrylic acid was successfully grafted onto the fine coal backbone. As shown by SEM imaging, the resulting surface was homogeneous and exhibited an interconnected pore structure. The maximum absorption capacity was found for SAP C2, which had a composition of 25% fine coal, 75% acrylamide, 0.11% N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA), and 1.11% ammonium persulfate. The absorption capacities for the unsaponified and saponified SAPs were 42.36 and 617.86 g/g, respectively. The maximum water absorption capacity of the superabsorbent polymer was achieved at pH 6.5. Based on water absorption capacity, this product is suitable for soil conditioner or agricultural application.
Adsorption of Malachite Green Dye by Magnetic Carboxymethyl Chitosan Kurniasih, Mardiyah; Setyaningtyas, Tien; Riyani, Kapti; Luthfia, Adilla; Aghniya, Imtiyazul
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 19, No 2 (2024): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (December, 2024)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v19i2.36424

Abstract

Malachite green dye is widely used in the textile industry. Wastewater contaminated with malachite green dye threatens aquatic life and human health. Therefore, adsorption is needed in the dye waste treatment process. This research aims to synthesize magnetic carboxymethyl chitosan as an adsorbent for malachite green dye. Magnetic carboxymethyl chitosan was synthesized via a coprecipitation method and analyzed using FTIR. Batch experiments were used to study the adsorption of malachite green dye under adsorption parameters, such as the effects of pH and time, adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and reusability. The research results show that at pH 4, malachite green adsorbed most effectively into magnetic carboxymethyl chitosan. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model describe the adsorption process. Reduction for malachite green chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan, and magnetic carboxymethyl chitosan were 34.19, 83.24, and 91.34%, respectively.
Innovations in the Cement Industry: Advancing Towards Sustainable Concrete Production Rahman, Herliati; Rizqy F, Muhammad
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 19, No 2 (2024): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (December, 2024)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v19i2.35460

Abstract

Slag, an artificial pozzolan derived from the by-product of metal ore smelting, exhibits notable richness in active silica and alumina. This investigation scrutinizes the influence of slag as a clinker substitute on cement quality. The study explores the composition range of slag from 15.69% to 20.39% of the total cement mass. Other constituent materials, including gypsum (2.07%), limestone (17.24-22.54%), and clinker (55-65%), are compared with commercial cement available in the market, featuring 73.09% clinker, 2.07% gypsum, 11.89% limestone, and 12.95% trass. The study employs rigorous physical tests, encompassing Blaine, residue at 45 m (325 mesh), flowability, setting time, and compressive strength assessments at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. The Blaine testing, the residue at 45 m, and other tests were conducted meticulously to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results. Blaine testing measured specific surface area, residue at 45 m assessed fineness, flowability evaluated paste workability, setting time determined paste stiffness, and compressive strength assessed material durability. All tests followed ASTM standards, providing reliable insights into cement performance. Compared to the commercial sample, there is a decrease in compressive strength in all results with an increase in the amount of slag. This condition is because components such as tricalcium silicate (C3S) and dicalcium silicate (C2S), which play a crucial role in producing hydration strength, decrease with the reduction of clinker. However, the compressive strength specified by ASTM C 109/109M-01 280 kg/m2 standard is still exceeded. Optimal results are obtained with a slag substitution of 16.64%, resulting in compressive strength of 305 kg/m2 at 28 days. This investigation highlights slag as a promising substitute for clinker in cement production due to its high silica content. Slag offers several advantages, including enhanced sustainability by reducing environmental impact and lowering production costs. Its utilization diversifies raw material sources, promoting industry resilience.
Techno-economic Review of Isolation of Eugenol from Clove Oil with Batch Distillation Sugiharto, Agung; Harismah, Kun; Sekarwati, Erni; Widayatno, Tri
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 19, No 2 (2024): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (December, 2024)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v19i2.34859

Abstract

All parts of the clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum L.), including roots, stems, leaves and flowers, can be processed into clove oil. One of the important compounds in clove oil is Eugenol. Pharmaceutical grade eugenol has a very high selling value, however conventional refining without a purification process only produces clove oil with a eugenol content of 78-80%. In this research, the purification of eugenol from clove oil refined by clove farmers was carried out by comparing two methods, namely the reactive extraction process and batch distillation. Analysis of the final products from both processes was carried out by GC-MS. The eugenol isolation process using a reactive extraction method with various variations in NaOH purity obtained optimum results at 2 N NaOH levels where clove oil was produced with a eugenol content of 75.33% with a product recovery of 40%. Meanwhile, eugenol was isolated using batch distillation with constant reflux and atmospheric pressure to obtain pure clove oil with a eugenol content of 97.02% with a product recovery of 28.25%.
Synthesis of Sulphonated Carbon Catalyst from Coconut Shell and its Application in Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Used Cooking Oil Ulfah, Maria; Pasymi, Pasymi; Burmawi, Burmawi; Amir, Amelia
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 19, No 2 (2024): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (December, 2024)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v19i2.34807

Abstract

Coconut shells are a prevalent agricultural waste product in Indonesia. Currently, there is a trend toward developing heterogeneous catalysts for the esterification reaction of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel. These catalysts are made from biomass carbon. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of using carbon precursors derived from coconut shells to create a heterogeneous acid catalyst for the esterification of waste cooking oil (WCO). Another objective is to identify the optimal esterification reaction conditions catalyzed by the developed sulfonated carbon catalyst, which exhibits the highest performance in converting free fatty acids (FFA). The coconut shells were carbonized using conventional methods and functionalized with concentrated sulfuric acid through dry impregnation. This process was conducted under various sulfonation conditions. The varied preparation parameters included the carbon-acid ratio (1:7.1, 1:10, 1:12.8, and 1:15.7% w/v), contact time (1 to 4 days), and calcination temperature (270C, 340C, and 450C). The charcoal and catalyst developed in this research were characterized through composition analysis using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and crystal phase analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The best catalyst preparation conditions were determined to be a carbon-acid ratio of 1:15.7% (w/v), a contact time of 3 days, and a calcination temperature of 340C. The optimal esterification reaction conditions were achieved using a mole ratio of methanol to WCO of 12:1, with a catalyst amount of 1.6%, for a duration of 1 hour at a temperature of 60C. This reaction resulted in a conversion rate of 84.6%.
Synthesis of Struvite Fertilizer (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) from Cow Urine and Bittern by Precipitation Technique Fazira, Zetta; Apriansyah, Ahmad Muhar; Al Attharsyah, Teuku Zibran; Mukhriza, Teuku; Amsi, Utari Yasmine; Hisbullah, Hisbullah
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 19, No 2 (2024): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (December, 2024)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v19i2.28675

Abstract

The need for fertilizers has significantly increased due to the expanding global population and the mounting pressure on agricultural systems to increase food production. Fertilizers are essential in upgrading soil fertility and increasing crop productivity, making them indispensable in contemporary agriculture. Extensive usage of chemical fertilizers has led to environmental issues such as soil deterioration, water contamination, and the exhaustion of non-renewable resources like phosphate rock. Phosphorus, one of the essential macronutrients for plants, is a critical component of commercial fertilizers. Struvite, with its high phosphate content, presents a viable alternative to conventional fertilizers. Struvite (MgNH4PO46H2O) is a crystalline compound comprising magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. Cow urine, which contains nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, can serve as a nutrient source for plants. In the context of fertilizer production, bittern serves as a source of magnesium. This study investigated the production of struvite from cow urine and bittern using a precipitation technique. The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for maximizing struvite production, focusing on the ratio of cow urine to bittern and the storage duration of cow urine. The research involved the preparation and characterization of raw materials, struvite synthesis, and the analysis of struvite characteristics. The optimal conditions were found to be a molar ratio of cow urine to bittern of 1:1 and a cow urine storage time of one week. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was utilized to analyze phosphate and ammonia contents, yielding optimal values of 72.417 mg/kg and 0.715 mg/kg, respectively. XRF analysis indicated a magnesium content of 26.000 mg/kg. SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the morphology of the struvite was orthorhombic at the optimum conditions. FTIR analysis was used to identify N-H, P-O, and water vibrations.
Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite from Precipitated Calcium Carbonate of Thorny Shells (Murex trapa) with Variable Ca/P Mole Ratio and pH Prayoga, Ferdiyan Tri; Aprilianty, Syasmitha Lucky; Edahwati, Luluk
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 19, No 1 (2024): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (June 2024 )
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v19i1.36177

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite, with the chemical formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, is a mineral found in human bones and teeth, providing density and strength to bones as it is a major component of the bone matrix. It is widely used in biomedicine for bone implants, dental fillings, and hard tissue replacement. Hydroxyapatite can be produced from materials high in CaCO3, such as cattle bones, seashells, and fish bones. In this research, thorny clam shells (Murex trapa), with a CaCO3 content of 91.08%, were used. Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) was formed using the carbonation method, while hydroxyapatite synthesis was performed using the precipitation method. Variables during synthesis included Ca/P molar ratios of 1.47, 1.67, and 1.87, and pH levels of 7, 9, and 11. The best result was achieved at a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67 and pH 9, with a yield of 96%. The hydroxyapatite was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red, revealing the core groups PO43-, CO32-, and OH-.Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis showed the hydroxyapatite had a crystalline structure, tending to be spherical and agglomerated.
Batch Adsorption of Tannins from Stevia Leaf Extract using Activated Carbon: An Investigation into Adsorption Isotherms and Adsorption Energy Dewi, Luthfi Kurnia; Purwandaru, Kresna; Maulida, Nurul Istikomah; Sarosa, Aji Hendra
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 19, No 1 (2024): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (June 2024 )
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v18i2.34370

Abstract

Stevia leaf extract (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) could have been utilized as an alternative natural sweetener because it possessed a sweetness level 300 times that of sucrose sugar. However, stevia leaf extract still contained a bitter taste attributed to the presence of tannins. The method that can be used to reduce tannin content is batch adsorption using activated carbon. This study aimed to investigate the batch adsorption process for the tannin content of stevia leaf extract using activated carbon with variable adsorption times ranging from 5 to 180 minutes, which included the appropriate adsorption isotherm model and adsorption energy. Stevia leaves were extracted through maceration with 70% ethanol. The results of the stevia leaf extract were adsorbed in batches using activated carbon treated with 1M NaOH. The analysis was carried out by testing the tannin content (mg/g TAE) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 735 nm and calculating the adsorption isotherm and adsorption energy. The results showed that the tannin content before adsorption was 0.910 mg/g TAE, and the lowest tannin content was 0.040 mg/g TAE at 100 minutes. The tannin content decreased between 590 minutes, remained constant, reached equilibrium at 95120 minutes, and increased again at 125180 minutes. The suitable adsorption isotherm model was the Freundlich isotherm with a value of R2 = 0.9998; KF = 25.293 [(mg/g)(L/mg)1/nf], and adsorption energy = -8.03 kJ/mol. The adsorption that occurred was classified as physical adsorption.
The Effect of Heat Tracing Installation for Wax Prevention on Onshore Buried Swampy Pipelines Santoso, Samuel Bagas Wahyu; Sommeng, Andy Noorsaman; Dianita, Cindy
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 19, No 1 (2024): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (June 2024 )
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v19i1.37754

Abstract

Transporting crude oil using pipelines is a widely adopted method globally. In one segment owned by PT. XYZ, especially in swampy areas, the fluid temperature tends to drop below the wax appearance temperature (WAT) during oil transportation. This is due to the relatively low temperature in swamp areas caused by heat loss to the environment. The solubility of paraffin in crude oil drastically decreases as fluid temperature drops, causing wax molecules to precipitate and deposit on the cold pipe walls. PT. XYZ employs chemical treatment by adding a pour point depressant (PPD) to lower the pour point temperature (PPT). However, PPD is effective only at certain temperatures, necessitating a study for alternative treatments. Another method involves installing heaters on the pipeline to reduce the viscosity of transported crude oil and enhance its flowability, either through direct heating or heat tracing using insulation with low thermal conductivity. Therefore, in PT. XYZ's case, an analysis is required to identify locations where fluid temperature decreases occur to ensure precise heater installation. Various software tools, including OLGA, have been developed to predict and describe wax deposition phenomena and temperature decreases along the pipeline. OLGA software can simulate locations of fluid temperature decreases in the pipeline, estimate heat loss along the pipeline, and simulate heat tracing technologies to prevent wax deposition. Simulation results indicate that wax deposition can be prevented by installing skin effect heat tracing with a heating power of 15 W/m and insulated with 2-inch aerogel, maintaining the oil temperature downstream at 157.34F, well above the desired 115F threshold.

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