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Greensusmater
Published by Green and Sustainable Materials Society
ISSN : -     EISSN : 3047910X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.62755/
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Greensusmater is a premier, gold open access peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to advancing knowledge and understanding of green and sustainable materials science and technology. Our aim is to serve as a global platform for researchers, industry professionals, policymakers, and anyone interested in development of green and sustainable materials, to share their insights, discuss theories, and promote environmentally-responsible practices in materials science. We also aim to inspire collaboration, stimulate new ideas, and facilitate the practical application of research findings towards a greener and more sustainable world. In its first inaugural year, Greensusmater will publish two issues within a single volume, with releases in February and July, establishing a biannual publication rhythm.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Material (semua kategori) - Ilmu Material (Lain-Lain)
Articles 21 Documents
 1   2   3 
Hydrothermal synthesis of Nb2O5-natural zeolite composite for enhanced adsorptive removal of anionic and cationic dye Anastasya, Yohana; Muhtar, Sephia Amanda; Munandar, Andika; Rahayu Saraswati, Ayu; Taher, Tarmizi
Greensusmater Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Green and Sustainable Materials Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62755/greensusmater.2024.1.2.63-67

Abstract

The imperative to mitigate dye pollution from wastewater has propelled the exploration of efficient adsorbents. This study deals with the preparation and evaluation of Nb2O5-supported natural zeolite (NbX_NZ) for enhanced dye adsorption performance. A facile hydrothermal method was employed to prepare NbX_NZ with varying niobium precursor loadings. Comprehensive material characterization employing FESEM, EDX, TGA, XRD, and FTIR analyses elucidate the successful incorporation of Nb2O5, revealing altered morphological and thermal properties. The adsorption test exhibited a notable augmentation in adsorption capacity for Congo red dye, particularly with the Nb15_NZ sample, showcasing a nearly two-fold increase compared to the parent natural zeolite. The findings underscore the potential of NbX_NZ as promising materials for anionic dye adsorption, paving the way for advancing wastewater treatment solutions and further investigations into metal oxide-modified zeolites.
Effect of Zeolite Mesh Size Variation on the Filtration Performance of Zeolite-PAN/PVDF Nanofiber for Methylene Blue Dye Removal Buya, Dheace Gracesela; Aflaha , Rizky; Rianjanu, Aditya
Greensusmater Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Green and Sustainable Materials Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62755/greensusmater.2025.2.1.1-6

Abstract

Water pollution from industrial effluents, particularly synthetic dyes like methylene blue (MB), poses significant environmental challenges. Electrospun nanofiber membranes based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are promising for filtration due to their high surface area and porous structure. However, their limited dye adsorption capacity requires enhancement, which can be achieved by incorporating natural zeolite particles known for their high ion-exchange capacity. In this study, we developed Ze-PAN/PVDF nanofiber membranes using zeolite with varying particle sizes (mesh sizes 50, 100, 200, 300) via vacuum filtration and evaluated their performance in MB dye removal. All Ze-PAN/PVDF membranes exhibited high initial dye rejection (above 97%) in the first two cycles, while the control PAN/PVDF membrane showed minimal rejection, decreasing from 35% to 7% over five cycles. The decline in rejection efficiency became noticeable from the third cycle, with values of 67%, 39%, 74%, and 86% for Ze50, Ze100, Ze200, and Ze300, respectively. Permeation flux was significantly affected by zeolite particle size, with the PAN/PVDF membrane maintaining a high flux (>10,000 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹), while Ze50-PAN/PVDF dropped to 260 ± 30 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹. Finer particles in Ze300-PAN/PVDF maintained relatively higher flux (370 ± 200 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹), indicating reduced pore blockage. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing zeolite particle size to achieve high dye removal efficiency and stable flux, making Ze300-PAN/PVDF a promising candidate for wastewater treatment applications.
Preparation of Activated Carbon From Kluwek (Pangium Edule) Shells as An Adsorbent for Effective Removal of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) from used cooking oil Efrillia, Fananda Sherly; Fajar, Mutiara
Greensusmater Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Green and Sustainable Materials Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62755/greensusmater.2025.2.1.12-16

Abstract

Used cooking oil from repeated use exhibits characteristics such as high free fatty acid (FFA) content, brownish color, and rancid odor, which pose risks to both health and the environment. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of activated carbon derived from Pangium edule shells in adsorbing FFAs, color, and odor from oil samples, as well as to identify the functional groups present in the adsorbent using FTIR analysis. The adsorption process was conducted with varying adsorbent masses (5, 10, and 15 grams) and contact times (60, 90, and 120 minutes) to determine the optimal removal conditions. The results indicate that NaOH-activated Pangium edule shell carbon contains hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups, which play a crucial role in adsorption. After the adsorption process, an efficiency of 85.57% was achieved, reducing the FFA content from 1.88% to 0.27% under optimal conditions (adsorbent mass of 15 grams and contact time of 120 minutes), along with a significant color change. The shift in FTIR spectrum intensity after adsorption suggests that polar compounds such as FFAs interacted with active sites on the adsorbent surface. Thus, activated carbon from Pangium edule shells is effective for treating used cooking oil in an environmentally friendly manner, meeting the quality standards of SNI 7709:2019.
Tuning Nanofiber Morphology and Hydrophobicity via PVDF-co-HFP Polymer Concentration Naim, Naufaldin Adam; Rianjanu, Aditya
Greensusmater Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Green and Sustainable Materials Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62755/greensusmater.2025.2.1.7-11

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) concentration on the morphological and surface wettability properties of electrospun nanofibers. Nanofiber mats were fabricated using electrospinning with PVDF-co-HFP concentrations ranging from 12 wt% to 18 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that increasing polymer concentration resulted in larger and more uniform fiber diameters, ranging from approximately 235 nm to 560 nm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the preservation of the chemical structure, with characteristic peaks associated with CF₂ and C–F groups, and the presence of both α- and β-phases of PVDF. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements indicated a marked increase in hydrophobicity, with WCA values rising from ~108° for PVDF-co-HFP12 to ~128° for PVDF-co-HFP18. This enhancement is attributed to increased surface roughness and fiber diameter, in line with the Cassie–Baxter wetting model. The results demonstrate that polymer concentration is a critical parameter in tailoring nanofiber morphology and wettability, providing a straightforward strategy for designing functional materials in applications such as water-repellent coatings, filtration membranes, and sensing platforms.
Assessing k‑Point Mesh Density for Accurate DFT Modeling (1x1) unit cell of Graphene Ghaniya, Ega Abdillah; Akmal, Daffa Hadyan; Zulbadri, Muhammad Dzaki Adlil; Putra, Septia Eka Marsha
Greensusmater Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Green and Sustainable Materials Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62755/greensusmater.2025.2.1.17-20

Abstract

This study systematically evaluated the influence of k-points mesh density and offset conditions on the structural accuracy, total energy convergence, and computational efficiency of a pristine graphene system. The total energy results indicate that convergence is achieved at a k-points mesh of 12×12×1, with negligible variations up to 20×20×1. Similarly, structural parameters, including lattice constants and C–C bond lengths, demonstrate minimal deviation at higher mesh densities. However, computational time increases non-linearly with k-points density, especially under offset conditions, highlighting the trade-off between precision and computational cost. Based on a comprehensive assessment of energy stability, structural consistency, and time efficiency, the 16×16×1 no-offset k-points mesh emerges as the most balanced and reliable configuration. It yields the lowest total energy, exhibits excellent agreement with established structural benchmarks, and avoids excessive computational demand. This makes it particularly suitable as a reference system for future ab initio studies, such as H₂O adsorption on graphene, where accurate baseline energies are critical for computing adsorption energetics. The findings underscore the importance of k-points convergence testing in density functional theory (DFT) simulations and support prior literature emphasizing the balance between computational accuracy and efficiency. Future adsorption studies can confidently adopt the identified k-points mesh to ensure both reliable results and computational feasibility.
Synthesis and Characterization of Electrospun Edible Bird’s Nest/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanofibers Hapidin, Dian Ahmad; Priyanto, Aan; Eka Sentia Ayu Listari; Dhewa Edikresnha; Khairurrijal, Khairurrijal
Greensusmater Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Green and Sustainable Materials Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62755/greensusmater.2025.2.1.21-29

Abstract

Edible Bird's nest (EBN) is a highly valuable food product due to its rich nutritional content and potential health benefits. In this study, we investigated the morphology and diameter of electrospun EBN/PVP nanofibers by exploring different solution and electrospinning parameters. Smooth, homogeneous, and defect-free nanofibers were obtained using EBN:PVP ratios ranging from 10:90 to 60:40. Increasing the concentration of EBN in the solution resulted in fibers with larger diameters. The fiber diameter was found to decrease with increasing voltage of the electrospinning process. In addition, increasing the needle-to-collector distance resulted in fibers with smaller diameters. The FTIR spectrum of EBN/PVP showed a combination of the spectral characteristics of both components. The EBN/PVP nanofiber blend showed improved thermal stability, probably due to the interaction between EBN and PVP, which strengthened the blend structure. EBN/PVP nanofibers with dominant EBN content can be very useful as a matrix to protect bioactive ingredients from environmental degradation while allowing controlled release.
Cross-linking formation of taro starch (colocasia esculenta)-based hydrogel using freeze-thaw method: synthesis and physical characterization Luthfianti, Halida Rahmi; Nafisah, Nuraini; Waresindo, William Xaveriano; Sawitri, Asti; Hapidin, Dian Ahmad; Noor, Fatimah Arofiati; Elfahmi, Elfahmi; Edikresnha, Dhewa; Khairurrijal, Khairurrijal
Greensusmater Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Green and Sustainable Materials Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62755/greensusmater.2025.2.2.36-48

Abstract

This study successfully made starch from taro tuber flour using immersion methods (AQ, SM) and centrifugation methods (CE). Taro starch with the AQ method produced the most starch content, thus improving the viscosity parameter in the pasting properties test. A simple mathematical model was used to control the taro starch pasting process and product. The highest R-value in the AQ sample was 309.88 s, indicating the strongest starch granule resistance. Meanwhile, the S-value in this study showed that all samples were above 1, which indicated that water penetration affected the swelling rate of starch granules. Taro starch with different isolation methods was analyzed for hydrogel formation using optical microscopy, SEM, swelling degree test, weight loss, color analysis, and texture profile analysis (TPA). The morphological images show three phases of a taro starch hydrogel formation: granular, potential cross-linking, and cross-linking hydrogel with a firm structure. Optimization of freeze-thaw process parameters was carried out to determine the optimum parameters of starch hydrogel formation, which was obtained under freezing conditions for 17 hours at -23°C and thawing for 7 hours at 4°C. The sample CE resulted in the most stable hydrogel formation, showing the highest amylose content, protein content, and the lowest impurities or ash content. The CE starch concentration of 10% resulted in the highest swelling degree and the lowest weight loss, indicating that the ability of the hydrogel to maintain its structure was stronger and more elastic. The textural properties of CE hydrogel at a concentration of 10% showed the most stability. It had the highest hardness, fracturability, chewiness, and springiness. Physical characteristics showed that the starch hydrogels had a dense, porous surface and formed a cross-linking structure. It can potentially be used in functional food applications to control the release of bioactive compounds. 
Thermal annealing tailors crystallinity and magnetism in silica coated Ni-Zn ferrite (SiO2@NiZnFe2O4) nanoparticles Widakdo, Januar
Greensusmater Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Green and Sustainable Materials Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62755/greensusmater.2025.2.2.30-35

Abstract

Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using a co-precipitation method followed by annealing at different temperatures to investigate their structural, morphological, and magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure, with increased crystallinity and grain growth observed at higher annealing temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) further revealed a transition from small, aggregated nanoparticles to well-defined crystalline grains. Magnetic hysteresis measurements demonstrated a significant enhancement in saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) with increasing temperature, reaching up to 55.15 emu/g and 253.23 Oe, respectively, at 800 °C. These improvements are attributed to reduced surface spin disorder and increased magnetic domain alignment due to grain growth. The results underscore the importance of annealing temperature in tailoring the magnetic behavior and structural properties of Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles for potential applications in magnetic and electronic devices.
Characterization of carbon dots synthesized from plant-based extracts via the hydrothermal method Wardana, Fatah Ari Kusuma; Maharani, Chlara Naren; Arbi, Aliffia Widyasari Putri; Zandi F., Mohammad Arya; Aflaha, Rizky
Greensusmater Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Green and Sustainable Materials Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62755/greensusmater.2025.2.2.49-54

Abstract

Cdots are carbon-based nanoparticles and luminescent materials that are safe for humans, the environment, and have many potential applications. Natural precursors using local plants can be utilized, and a green synthesis approach can be used to fabricate Cdots that are advantageous in terms of sustainability, availability, low cost, and minimal toxic waste. In this study, the hydrothermal method was chosen because the process is simple, does not require a catalyst, and is suitable for natural materials. The fabricated Cdots from various plant-based extract precursors using the hydrothermal method are investigated for the chemical and optical property changes that occur during the conversion of natural extracts into Cdots. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra show that functional groups such as O–H and C=C remain present after the Cdots synthesis process. The UV-Vis spectra show a shift in the absorption band, indicating the formation of sp² aromatic domains and π-π* transition in the Cdots structure, compared to plant-based extracts. These results show great potential of local plants as base material for producing Cdots that can be beneficial for various applications.
Development and materials characterization of hydrothermally grown niobium-doped BiVO4 for ciprofloxacin and methylene blue degradation Kurnia, Nadiya Rifqah; Amanda, Tia; Nurfitria, Rima; Aflaha, Rizky; Widakdo, Januar; Rianjanu, Aditya
Greensusmater Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Green and Sustainable Materials Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62755/greensusmater.2025.2.2.55-61

Abstract

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of niobium-doped BiVO4 (NbX-BiVO4, X = 0, 2, 4, 6 mol%) photocatalysts via a hydrothermal method, aimed at enhancing the degradation of organic pollutants under UV irradiation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the preservation of the monoclinic BiVO4 structure in all samples, although minor secondary features were detected in doped compositions. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) imaging revealed progressively rougher, nanostructured surfaces with increasing Nb content, while UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy indicated modified band structures and reduced recombination rates. Photocatalytic performance was evaluated using ciprofloxacin (CIP) and methylene blue (MB) as model pollutants. For CIP, the highest activity was achieved by Nb6-BiVO4 (k value of 0.09 min‒1 g–1), attributable to enhanced charge separation and increased surface texture. In contrast, MB degradation favored the undoped BiVO4 (k value of 0.29 min‒1 g–1) due to stronger dye adsorption, despite the optical improvements in doped samples. The findings demonstrate that Nb doping improves BiVO4 photocatalytic activity through synergistic structural and electronic effects, with pollutant-specific responses highlighting the importance of matching catalyst design to target contaminant properties.

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