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Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences

GIJLSS
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Published by Greenation Research

ISSN : 29863856 EISSN : 29863155 DOI : https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss

Core Subject : Social,

Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (GIJLSS) is a journal that uses a blind peer-review model that can be accessed online. GIJLSS aims to publish a journal containing quality articles that will be able to contribute thoughts from theoretical and empirical perspectives for the advancement of technology and education. The writings on GIJLSS will make a significant contribution to critical thinking in the scientific field in general, particularly in the fields of Law and Social Sciences.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum

Articles 434 Documents

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Dispute Resolution in E-Commerce Through Online Arbitration in Indonesia and India: Adapting EU Regulations Nurlaily Nurlaily; Laely Aribah Istiqomah; Hari Sutra Disemadi; Tantimin Tantimin
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.926

This study explores the regulatory frameworks for online arbitration in resolving E-Commerce disputes in Indonesia and India, drawing comparisons with the European Union’s legal instruments. The rapid growth of E-Commerce in both countries has highlighted the need for effective and efficient dispute resolution mechanisms, especially given the limitations of traditional litigation. The research aims to identify the gaps in Indonesia and India’s legal systems regarding Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) and to evaluate the potential adoption of the EU’s established principles to improve arbitration processes in these countries. The study utilizes a normative legal research methodology, with a focus on legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Findings show that while both Indonesia and India have made strides in addressing E-Commerce disputes, they still face challenges such as the absence of specific ODR regulations, the lack of integrated ODR platforms, and the absence of cross-jurisdictional recognition of arbitration awards. In contrast, the European Union has developed a comprehensive ODR framework, especially through Regulation (EU) No 524/2013 and Directive 2013/11/EU, which provides a valuable model for Indonesia and India. By adopting these principles, both countries can strengthen their legal frameworks and institutional structures, ensuring quicker, cost-effective, and transparent dispute resolution for E-Commerce transactions.

Analysis of Indonesia's Regulatory Readiness in Facing the Cross-Border Digital Economy Septiana Na'afi; Abdul Ghofur; Nur Fatoni; Ar Rahiim Innash; Zaenudin Zaenudin
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.927

The development of the cross-border digital economy has brought about significant changes in global economic activity, including in Indonesia. The digital transformation, marked by the increasing use of e-commerce, fintech, digital platforms, and international electronic transactions, demands regulatory readiness capable of effectively managing the dynamics of the digital economy. This study aims to nalyse Indonesia’s regulatory readiness to face the cross-border digital economy and identify various challenges in implementing existing policies. The research method used is a qualitative approach with analytical descriptive methods. Research data was obtained through a literature review by reviewing various laws and regulations, scientific journals, books, articles, and official documents related to the digital economy and cross-border regulations. The results show that Indonesia already has various important regulations to support digital economy management, such as the Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law), regulations on Trading Through Electronic Systems (PMSE), fintech policies, and supervision of digital payment systems. These regulations demonstrate the government’s readiness to build a safe and competitive digital ecosystem. However, regulatory implementation still faces various challenges, including suboptimal inter-agency coordination, the high threat of cybercrime, complex supervision of cross-border digital transactions, and low public digital literacy. In addition, the rapid development of digital technology means that regulations often lag behind innovations developing in society and the global market.

State-Subsidized Maritime Connectivity and Local Welfare: A Study of Pioneer Shipping Programs in Indonesia Winarno Winarno; Tri Cahyadi; Frederik Euskirchen; Windiahsari Windiahsari
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.963

As an archipelagic nation, Indonesia's maritime connectivity is a constitutional mandate for social justice. This study evaluates the impact of the Pioneer Shipping Subsidy (PSS) program on maritime access justice and public governance in 3T (Underdeveloped, Outermost, Frontier) regions. Using a mixed-methods socio-legal approach, data were collected between January 2020 and December 2023 across seven provinces (South Sumatra, Riau Islands, South Kalimantan, NTB, NTT, Maluku, and West Papua) involving a survey of N=75 stakeholders and in-depth interviews. Quantitative analysis (Mean, SD, and ANOVA) shows high public satisfaction in transport access (μ=4.42, SD=0.52) and inclusivity (μ=4.31, SD=0.61). However, ANOVA results indicate significant differences in perceived governance between academics and field users (p<0.05). Qualitatively, the PSS acts as a vital “welfare proxy” by stabilizing logistics prices by 15–20%. The study concludes that while legal legitimacy is strong, fiscal sustainability and targeting remain critical challenges.

The Constitutionality of Deploying Indonesian National Armed Forces Without House of Representatives Approval: A Perspective on Checks and Balances and Presidential Powers Fernando Silalahi; Aarce Tehupeiory
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.981

The Constitutionality of Deploying Indonesian National Armed Forces Without House of Representatives Approval: A Perspective on Checks and Balances and Presidential Powers. The deployment of military forces abroad for peacekeeping missions is frequently categorized as non-war operations by the executive, thereby bypassing parliamentary approval. This practice triggers legal debates concerning the boundaries of presidential discretion and potential breaches of the principle of limited power. This study aims to analyze the constitutional basis of presidential authority and evaluate the urgency of involving the House of Representatives in deploying armed forces to maintain institutional checks and balances. The method employed is normative juridical legal research utilizing statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches. The results indicate that although the president holds supreme authority over the armed forces, this power is not absolute and must remain subject to democratic control. Administrative classifications of non-war operations should not serve as an excuse to evade parliamentary oversight, given that deploying armed forces abroad carries significant political, diplomatic, and security consequences. In conclusion, such deployments require the approval of the House of Representatives to uphold the principle of checks and balances. The government is advised to promptly establish explicit regulations ensuring legal certainty for military deployment procedures.

Systematic Analysis and Theoretical Mapping of Leadership Performance Measurement of Acting Regional Heads Yohanes Raheradi Widiasto; Irfan Ridwan Maksum
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.987

This article aims to review the literature on the leadership effectiveness of Acting Regional Heads within the context of local government governance. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines, involving processes of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and the selection of studies for analysis. The research corpus comprises 37 articles from two sources: 26 obtained via the Scopus database and 11 additional articles from non-Scopus sources that met the selection criteria. The review reveals that existing literature on Acting Regional Head leadership predominantly focuses on personal characteristics, leadership styles, and administrative aspects. Conversely, studies linking leadership to public service outputs and outcomes, as well as regional development achievements, remain limited. The analysis also indicates that political factors and institutional contexts are crucial to understanding the leadership effectiveness of Acting Regional Heads. These findings highlight the need to distinguish between leadership evaluation and leadership performance evaluation, despite their interconnectedness. This study proposes an evaluation framework that integrates administrative indicators, public service quality, and development achievements to serve as a basis for measuring the performance of Acting Regional Heads in a more quantifiable and accountable manner.

Public Participation, Policy Transparency, and Community Satisfaction: Evidence from Local Tourism Governance in South Sulawesi, Indonesia Sofyan B; Sandi Lubis; Muhammad Rais Rahmat Razak
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.1026

This study examines the associations among public participation, policy transparency, public trust, and community satisfaction in local tourism governance in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study employed a cross-sectional, one-time, same-respondent self-report survey involving 450 residents recruited through non-probability procedures at purposively selected tourism destinations. The final sample comprised 150 respondents from each of three contextual tourism clusters: natural, marine and island, and cultural tourism destinations. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to estimate the proposed associations. The retained statistical output indicates positive associations between public participation and community satisfaction, policy transparency and community satisfaction, public participation and public trust, policy transparency and public trust, and public trust and community satisfaction. The corrected standardized coefficients were 0.165, 0.414, 0.462, 0.498, and 0.395, respectively. The corresponding indirect associations through public trust were 0.182 for public participation and 0.197 for policy transparency. However, the reported inter-construct correlations ranged from 0.905 to 0.928 and exceeded the corresponding square roots of average variance extracted. The Fornell–Larcker criterion was therefore not satisfied, indicating that the constructs were not demonstrated to be empirically distinct in the available analysis. Because the respondent-level dataset, collection-mode identifiers, data-cleaning log, and complete SmartPLS project could not be recovered, the measurement model could not be re-specified or independently re-estimated. The findings must consequently be interpreted as exploratory associations within the non-probability sample rather than as causal effects or population-level estimates. The study highlights both the potential interrelationship of participatory governance perceptions and the need for future research using independently validated measures, probability-based sampling, and longitudinal or multi-source designs.

Protecting Muralists Moral Rights in Tourism: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam Lu Sudirman; Jocelyn Jocelyn; Hari Sutra Disemadi; Nur Ezan; Nurlaily Nurlaily
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.1030

This study addresses the gap between the legal protection of the intellectual property rights of muralists in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam, and the practical protection that arises when murals are used for tourism purposes without permission, attribution, or adherence to occupational safety regulations. This study aims to analyze and compare legal regulations regarding the moral rights of muralists in relation to their use by tourists in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam, and to formulate future legal protection based on progressive regulations. This study uses normative legal research with statutory and comparative approaches, analyzing the relevant primary and secondary legal materials. This study shows that all three countries recognize and protect the ethical rights of muralists, but differ significantly in the scope of rights, enforcement mechanisms, and clarity of laws regarding the use of murals for tourism. Vietnam offers a more robust framework with more enforcement routes, Malaysia provides a clearer formal basis for moral-right enforcement, while Indonesia exhibits significant regulatory gaps regarding tourist exploitation. These findings are important because they provide a comparative basis for re-constructing a more responsive legal framework that ensures recognition, integrity, compensation, participation, and legal certainty regarding the use of murals for tourism.

Achieving Legal Certainty in Regional Land Asset Governance: A Normative Juridical Study of Government-Owned Land in West Bandung Regency, Indonesia Aslan Noor; Siti Nurhasanah; Muhammad Fauzan; Fuad Nauval
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.1078

: Legal certainty over regional land assets is essential for protecting public property, ensuring administrative order, and supporting accountable asset utilization. However, studies on regional asset governance have largely emphasized accounting and administrative management, while the interaction between agrarian law, regional property regulations, and inherited uncertified government land remains insufficiently examined. This study analyzes the realization of legal certainty for land assets owned by the Government of West Bandung Regency, identifies the principal obstacles to certification, and evaluates the measures required to strengthen asset protection. The study employed normative juridical research using statute, conceptual, and case approaches. Legal materials and official documents were examined through qualitative descriptive analysis, legal interpretation, regulatory synchronization, and documentary cross-checking. The findings show that only 1,789 of 3,782 land parcels have been certified, while 1,993 parcels, or 52.70 percent, remain uncertified. The main obstacles involve unclear physical boundaries, incomplete ownership and transfer records, fragmented archives, overlapping claims, and limited inter-institutional coordination. The novelty of this study lies in demonstrating that legal certainty must be assessed through the integrated dimensions of physical, administrative, and legal security, supported by parcel-based documentation, risk-based certification, and coordinated institutional action.

Encryption, Digital Governance, and Personal Data Protection: Developing a Juridical–Technical Enforcement Model under Indonesia’s Law No. 27 of 2022 Musa Darwin Pane; Mari Maryati; Angga Setiyadi
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.1080

The rapid digitalization of organizational data management has intensified concerns about personal data protection and the practical implementation of regulatory obligations. A significant gap remains between the normative requirements of Indonesia’s Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection and their technical implementation in information systems. This study aims to develop and evaluate a Juridical–Technical Model for encrypted digital data storage in cooperative information systems. The study employed an interdisciplinary design integrating juridical analysis and software engineering through Privacy by Design and a prototyping approach. Data were obtained through system observation, database analysis, and requirements identification. The prototype implemented XChaCha20-Poly1305 authenticated encryption through the Libsodium cryptographic library. The findings showed that the existing system stored directly identifiable personal information in plaintext, creating substantial risks of unauthorized access and manipulation. The proposed model converted protected data into authenticated ciphertext and successfully rejected modified records during decryption testing. These results demonstrate that selected legal obligations concerning security, confidentiality, unlawful processing, and unlawful access can be translated into executable technical safeguards. The study contributes a practical and replicable framework for strengthening secure, accountable, and privacy-preserving digital data governance in cooperatives.

Designing a Sui Generis Regime for Traditional Cultural Expressions in Indonesian Tourism: Lessons from the Philippines & Thailand Agustianto Agustianto; Jocelyn Jocelyn; Hari Sutra Disemadi; Ruetaitip Chansrakaeo; Dame Afrina Sihombing
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.1085

The increasing commercialization of Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs) within the tourism sector poses risks of misuse, cultural misrepresentation, and inequitable treatment of custodian communities. This study aims to compare the regulatory frameworks governing TCE protection in tourism across Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand, and to formulate an ideal regulatory design to strengthen TCE protection in Indonesia. The research employs a normative legal method, utilizing statutory and comparative approaches. Secondary data, consisting of legislative materials, were collected through library research and analyzed using comparative legal analysis and prescriptive analysis techniques. The findings indicate that all three countries recognize TCEs as intangible cultural heritage requiring protection; however, they differ in their legal constructions of control. Indonesia adopts a state-ownership model, reinforced through communal intellectual property registration and the Law on Cultural Advancement. The Philippines emphasizes a community ownership model grounded in the principle of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC), while Thailand relies on institutional oversight through the Intangible Cultural Heritage Commission. Although Indonesia’s framework aligns with Hadjon’s Legal Protection Theory, it remains largely administrative, fragmented, and insufficient in ensuring effective control by custodian communities. Accordingly, an ideal regulatory framework should be directed toward a sui generis regulatory design incorporating FPIC principles; regulatory delivery through the integration of communal intellectual property registration with tourism licensing and benefit-sharing mechanisms; and regulatory inspection through the establishment of a dedicated TCE supervisory commission.

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

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Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name M. Rizky Mahaputra

Contact Email greenation.info@gmail.com

Phone +6281210467572

Journal Mail Official greenation.info@gmail.com

Editorial Address Jl. Kapten. A. Hasan, Telanaipura, Kota Jambi, Jambi 36361, Indonesia

Location Kota jambi, Jambi INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
M. Rizky Mahaputra

Contact Email
greenation.info@gmail.com

Phone
+6281210467572

Journal Mail Official
greenation.info@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Jl. Kapten. A. Hasan, Telanaipura, Kota Jambi, Jambi 36361, Indonesia

Location
Kota jambi,

Jambi

INDONESIA