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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2745455X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/ijpther.10147
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy (IJPTher ) is a scientific journal which published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI). IJPTher is an open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal published three Issues a year. IJPTher aims to communicate high-quality articles in the fields of pharmacology. IJPTher publishes original articles, review articles, case reports and book reviews in the fields of pharmacology including basic pharmacology, clinical pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacoeconomic, toxicology and toxicogenomics.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 120 Documents
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Prevalence and factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in dialysis patients using antihypertensive: a narrative review Pulungan, Yulianasari; Nugroho, Agung Endro; Pramantara, I Dewa Putu
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 4 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.7768

Abstract

Hypertension in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis is difficult to control leading to a significant risk factor for a cardiovascular event. The aimed of this review is to summarize the prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure in dialysis patients. This review hopefully can serve as a valuable reference and source of insight for clinicians in their efforts to attain controlled blood pressure in dialysis patients. The relevant literatures was undertaken from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies addressing the factor associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in hemodialysis patients using antihypertensives from 2013 to 2023. Combinations of search terms were "uncontrolled" and "blood pressure" and "dialysis" and "antihypertensive”. Any study in English, including randomized control trials, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies was included. Uncontrolled blood pressure is very common among hypertension in dialysis patients (28.7 - 78.33% of cases). Factors affecting blood pressure in dialysis patients include age, obesity, and comorbidity (diabetes and stage of chronic kidney disease). Although the relationship between gender, the number of antihypertensive, the number of dialysis, and the length of dialysis sessions with blood pressure varies, some studies have shown a positive association.
Network pharmacology approach to identifying optimal therapeutic targets in cancer drug discovery and development: Bibliometric analysis and scoping review Rovik, Anwar; Henra, Henra; Rahman, Farras Alifia; Afkarina, Izza; Conara, Flafiani Cios
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.13076

Abstract

A rise in chronic diseases, including cancer, increasingly strains public health. While conventional drug discovery often focuses on single molecules, this method frequently fails to address complex diseases with multiple causes. Network pharmacology, a systems biology approach, provides a more complete understanding of disease mechanisms by analyzing intricate biological networks. By combining multi-omics data and computational models, network pharmacology helps identify new drug targets and cellular pathways. This approach is especially promising in cancer research, where it can reveal complex interactions between genes, proteins, and metabolites. This review explains the principles of network pharmacology and its use in cancer drug discovery. We cover the process, from network building and analysis to experimental testing. Additionally, we examine how network pharmacology can speed up the development of personalized cancer treatments.
Navigating bioethical frontiers: critical concerns in biobanking Salma Darmayanti; Nuke Ayu Febryana; Zafrullah, Adila; Novian Wildan Rosyidi; Isna Maulida Hanum; Dellarious Benefit Yubaidi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.13307

Abstract

A biobank constitutes a systematically organized collection of biological specimens, accompanied by corresponding data and information. These specimens encompass a range of materials such as genetic matter (RNA, DNA, cDNA), blood, serum, plasma, urine, tissue and others. Particularly valuable in longitudinal cohort studies, biobanks facilitate the accumulation of samples over extended durations. This is made feasible by the storage facilities within biobanks, which ensure the preservation of specimen quality over time. However, the utility of biobanks across diverse domains brings to the fore a spectrum of ethical dilemmas, encompassing aspects like informed consent, confidentiality, ownership, property rights, commercialization, feedback mechanisms, and re-contact procedures. Informed consent stands as a cornerstone in a biobank operation. Studies indicate a preference for broad consent due to the forward-looking nature of biobank research and its alignment with prevailing ethical standards. Concurrently, the establishment of a tailored regulatory framework becomes imperative to uphold robust ethical oversight, while also accommodating the values of participants. Addressing concerns regarding ownership, property rights, and commercialization entails the formulation of comprehensive agreement forms detailing donor identity, sample type, intended usage, and potential commercial prospects. Furthermore, ensuring adherence to data confidentiality and individual privacy mandates equips researchers and biobank personnel with ethics training. Regular monitoring and evaluation serve to verify compliance with confidentiality regulations. In instances of noteworthy findings, the biobank can provide feedback or initiate re-contact, with protocol adjustments made in alignment with ethical principles. Consideration may also be given to re-consent procedures as deemed necessary. These protocols may be integrated into the original informed consent documentation, with oversight responsibilities vested in the ethics committee of each biobank.
Association of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null genotype polymorphism with the effectiveness of metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients Ni Luh Made Noviana Dewi; Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih; Dita Maria Virginia
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.17812

Abstract

Genetic variations may contribute to the development of diabetes and influence individual susceptibility to the disease. One of the relevant genes is glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1). Alterations in the expression of GST enzymes can lead to inefficient detoxification processes. Such genetic variations are believed to contribute to interindividual variability in metformin response, potentially affecting therapeutic outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the GSTM1 null genotype on the effectiveness of metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This was an observational study with a case–control design. The case group consisted of T2DM patients who failed to achieve the target HbA1c level. Detection of the GSTM1 null genotype was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The association between GSTM1 genotype and the effectiveness of metformin was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Disease risk associated with the genetic polymorphism was assessed by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). There was no significant association between GSTM1 genotype groups and the effectiveness of metformin monotherapy (OR = 0.487; p = 0.318). In conclusion, the GSTM1 null genotype does not significantly influence the therapeutic effectiveness of metformin monotherapy in patients with T2DM.
Association of IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 gene polymorphisms with efficacy and toxicity of mycophenolic acid treatment in renal transplant patients: a narrative review Pratama, Dimo; Ikawati, Zullies; Hermawan, Adam
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.20875

Abstract

Immunosuppressive regimen treatment in renal transplant recipients is necessary to prevent acute rejection from the body’s immune system. Mycophenolic acid (MPA), commonly prescribed for renal transplant recipients, exists in two formulations: mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS). Both drugs act by inhibiting inosine-5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme that is responsible for the guanosine nucleotide synthesis pathway of T and B lymphocytes. IMPDH exists in two isoforms, IMPDH1 and IMPDH2, encoded by IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 gene, respectively. Polymorphisms in these genes may alter the enzyme activity, potentially influencing MPA pharmacodynamics and leading to variations in therapeutic responses among renal transplant patients taking MPA. A systematic literature search was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science with the Boolean search strategy: “IMPDH AND Polymorphism* AND Mycophenol* AND ((Renal OR Kidney) Transplant* OR Graft*)”. The articles yielded from this literature search were screened, resulting in 15 articles that were included in this review. Some studies reported the association between the IMPDH1 or IMPDH2 polymorphism and acute rejection, while others found no significant correlation. Regarding toxicity, leukopenia was linked to IMPDH1 SNPs (rs2278293, rs2278294), although the results were inconsistent. Most of the studies found no significant association between IMPDH2 SNPs and leukopenia incidence.
Correlation between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and length of stay (LoS) of heart failure in-patients with sacubitril/valsartan and ramipril at X Hospital Semarang Hadianti Deliana R; N Setiawati, Maria Caecilia; Fef Rukminingsih
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.26456

Abstract

Heart failure is a health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates globally and nationally, so optimal therapy is needed to improve clinical outcomes and efficiency. Sacubitril/valsartan (angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor/ARNI) and ramipril (ACE inhibitor/ACEi) have become the therapeutic options in heartfailure patients. However, the effectiveness of both therapies on length of stay (LoS) and changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the Indonesian population has not much studied. This study used an observational retrospective design on the medical record data of heart failure inpatients at X Hospital, Semarang,during January to December 2024 period. All in-patients who received sacubitril/valsartan or ramipril therapy (in combination with beta blockers and aldosterone receptor antagonists) were included, and were differentiated based on changes in MAP (up, down and constant). Correlation statistical analysis was performedwith normality test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Anova tests to correlate the LoS and MAP changes between therapy. A total of 131 patients were categorized by therapy and MAP changes. The average LoS on Sacubitril/valsartan and Ramipril therapy was approximately 5–6 d each for the entire MAP change group. Statistical testsshowed no significant difference between the two therapies for LOS, as well as of MAP changes (p > 0.05). MAP changes (up, down, constant) in heart failure in-patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan and ramipril provided variation in LoS, but the differences were not statistically significant between the two therapies.
Impact of platinum-based and non-platinum chemotherapy on quality of life in non-small cell lung cancer: A narrative review Yuditha Astarina, Davinda; Rahmawati, Fita; Murti Andayani, Tri
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.27318

Abstract

Chemotherapy remains one of the main therapeutic options for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a disease that continues to contribute significantly to global cancer-related mortality. The selection of platinum-based or non-platinum chemotherapy regimens has important clinical implications, as these approaches differ not only in antitumor efficacy but also in their impact on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This narrative review aimed to synthesize recent evidence regarding the effects of platinum-based and non-platinum chemotherapy on HRQoL among patients with NSCLC. Relevant studies published between 2020 and 2025 were identified through systematic searches of major scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The findings were narratively synthesized across commonly reported HRQoL domains using validated assessment instruments, such as the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Lung (FACT-L), the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Lung Cancer Module (QLQ-LC13), as well as the EQ-5D-5L. Overall, platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with better disease control but also with greater toxicity-related deterioration in physical and emotional functioning. In contrast, non-platinum regimens demonstrated improved tolerability and more stable HRQoL outcomes. These differences have important implications for shared clinical decision-making, particularly in patients with advanced disease for whom symptom relief and quality of life often represent primary treatment goals. This review highlights the need to integrate HRQoL considerations alongside clinical efficacy when individualizing chemotherapy strategies for patients with advanced NSCLC.
Inhibitory effect of yellow cempaka leaf (Michelia champaca Linn.) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Fauzul Husna; Teuku Heriansyah; Shabrina Masturah
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.28181

Abstract

Several studies have been conducted to develop herbal plants as alternatives to address infections. Yellow cempaka (Michelia champaca Linn.) is a natural ingredient that can serve as an alternative treatment. This study used a posttest-only control group to examine the antibacterial activity of the disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study included four treatment groups (10, 20, 40, and 80% ethanol extracts) and two control groups (10 μg amoxicillin for S. aureus, 5 μg ciprofloxacin for E. coli, and 96% ethanol as a negative control). The results showed that the ethanol extract of M. champaca leaves exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus at all concentrations tested, with mean inhibition zone diameters ranging from 13.70 mm to 23.11 mm. Statistical analysis showed that the 20% extract concentration had antibacterialactivity comparable to the positive control (p > 0.05), whereas the 40% and 80% concentrations showed significantly different inhibition zone diameters from the positive control (p < 0.05). In contrast, the ethanol extract of M. champaca leaves showed weak antibacterial activity against E. coli at all concentrations tested, with mean inhibition zone diameters ranging from 6.38 mm to 7.63 mm, which were significantly different from the positive control (p<0.05). These findings revealed that the ethanol extract of M. champaca leaves has potential as an alternative treatment for S. aureus infections. However, further research is needed to isolateand identify specific active compounds and to evaluate their efficacy and safety.
Comparative analysis of the treatment costs of cisplatin-paclitaxel and cisplatin-gemcitabine in patients with advanced nsclc: a narrative review Gustia Alinda Lintarsari; Tri Murti Andayani; Fita Rahmawati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.28769

Abstract

Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC. Cancer treatment is known to be time-consuming and expensive, resulting in numerous studies evaluating the costs of commonly used chemotherapy regimens. This narrative review aims to analyze and compare two of the most widely used regimens, cisplatin-paclitaxel and cisplatin-gemcitabine, in terms of costs and clinical outcomes. Articles were searched through various databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar, used a combination of keywords ("cisplatin-paclitaxel" OR "cisplatin-gemcitabine") AND "advanced NSCLC" AND "cost", with a publication timeframe from 2000 to the most recent year of the search. Articles were reviewed based on topic relevance and content suitability. Articles were selected based on topic relevance and compliance with the inclusion criteria, then data related to treatment costs were extracted and compared descriptively. Six of the seven selected articles showed that the cisplatin-gemcitabine regimen resulted in lower total therapy costs than cisplatin-paclitaxel. Although the clinical outcomes produced by both regimens were generally comparable, cisplatin-gemcitabine tended to have slightly higher efficacy, but not significantly different. These findings suggest that cisplatin-gemcitabine may be a more cost-effective alternative in the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. The results of this review can be used as supporting data for consideration in selecting chemotherapy regimens for patients with advanced NSCLC.
Ethnic variability in methotrexate pharmacogenetics among rheumatoid arthritis populations: a narrative review Nabila Risti Rachmadi; Lathifa Nabila; Zullies Ikawati; Ayu Paramaiswari
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.29118

Abstract

Methotrexate is the recommended first-line conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug for rheumatoid arthritis; interindividual variability in treatment response and toxicity remains a major clinical challenge. Pharmacogenomics provides a biological basis for this variability, yet reported associations between genetic polymorphisms and methotrexate outcomes are often inconsistent across populations. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on ethnic variability in methotrexate pharmacogenetic associations among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to January 2026, including human studies evaluating genetic polymorphisms in methotrexate-related pathways and reporting outcomes related to treatment effectiveness or toxicity. The available evidence is dominated by observational studies in populations of European and East Asian ancestry, with limited data from Southeast Asian cohorts. Polymorphisms in genes involved in methotrexate transport, intracellular activation, folate-dependent metabolism, and drug efflux demonstrate substantial interethnic differences in allele frequencies and reported clinical associations. Variants in folate metabolism genes are more consistently associated with methotrexate-related toxicity than with treatment effectiveness, whereas transporter and downstream pathway variants show population-dependent and heterogeneous associations with effectiveness. These inconsistencies are further influenced by methodological heterogeneity, including differences in outcome definitions, methotrexate dosing, folate supplementation, sample size, and adjustment for concomitant therapies. Overall, ethnic variability appears to be a key determinant of methotrexate pharmacogenetic associations in rheumatoid arthritis. Population-specific studies using standardized disease activity outcomes are required, particularly in underrepresented Southeast Asian populations especially Indonesia, to support equitable implementation of precision medicine strategies.

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