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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2745455X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/ijpther.10147
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy (IJPTher ) is a scientific journal which published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI). IJPTher is an open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal published three Issues a year. IJPTher aims to communicate high-quality articles in the fields of pharmacology. IJPTher publishes original articles, review articles, case reports and book reviews in the fields of pharmacology including basic pharmacology, clinical pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacoeconomic, toxicology and toxicogenomics.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 107 Documents
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Optimizing rivaroxaban therapy through therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM): A review article Almas, A Made Dea; Purukan, Juliana; Supardi, Widhowati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 5 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.14884

Abstract

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a technique used to measure and analyze plasma drug concentrations to optimize dosages for individual patients. The goal is to maintain drug concentration within target ranges to maximize therapeutic effects and prevent side effects. Rivaroxaban, a popular direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) could cause risks such as drug interactions and bleeding. Therapeutic drug monitoring can help mitigate these risks by ensuring personalized and appropriate dosing for the individual patient. Within 2-4 hr after a dose, rivaroxaban reaches peak concentrations due to its rapid absorption with nearly perfect absorption at a 10 mg dose. Its pharmacodynamic effects are dose-dependent. There are no significant interactions between rivaroxaban and NSAIDs like naproxen or acetylsalicylic acid. Rivaroxaban exhibits potential for clinically significant interactions with drugs that inhibit CYP3A/P-gp pathways or possess antithrombotic properties. Notably, co-administration with strong P-gp/BCRP and CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as ketoconazole and ritonavir, can lead to a substantial increase in rivaroxaban exposure.
Oral corticosteroids (OCS), inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), short acting β-2 agonists (SABA), ICS/long acting β-2 agonists (LABA) treatment in pregnancy with asthma: a review Septiyanti, Windy; Ramez Abdullah; Wahda Aqiedaty; Winda Kirana Ade Putri; Yuli Edy Saputra
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.5902

Abstract

Asthma is one of the common pulmonary disorders that can complicate pregnancy. Therefore, managing asthma is crucial for pregnant women's health and the well-being of the embryo. As consequence, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness and integrity of treatment for this usual therapy in expectant mothers with asthma. This review aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of OCS, ICS, SABA, and ICS/LABA treatment in pregnancy with asthma. The articles were researched from PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct as literature resources and selection of process based on inclusion criteria. The use of OCS, ICS, SABA, ICS/LABA were safe for pregnancy with asthma, although there are some side effects. In conclusion, the regiment therapy of asthma in asmathic pregnant women is similar to general treatment for asthmatic.
The use of cetirizine in allergic contact dermatitis patients at Sekip Palembang Health Center Rukmana, Cici Chintya Aulia; Harahap, Debby Handayati; Theodorus
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.12729

Abstract

World Allergy Organization (WAO) reported that 22% of the global population experiences allergies, and this prevalence continues to increase each year. The prevalence of dermatitis in Indonesia is quite high, at 6.78%, with the highest rate in South Kalimantan (11.3%) and the lowest in West Sulawesi (2.57%). In South Sumatra, approximately 2,584,000 people suffer from dermatitis. Therapy for allergic contact dermatitis patients includes medicamentous treatments, such as systemic antihistamines, with cetirizine being one of the options. This study aimed to determine the pattern of cetirizine use, including the frequency, duration of administration, and the characteristics of allergic contact dermatitis patients such as gender and age who received cetirizine therapy. The drug utilization study of cetirizine was conducted in December 2021 at the Sekip Palembang Community Health Center, involving 34 out of 49 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The sampling method used was total sampling. The majority of allergic contact dermatitis patients were late elderly individuals, aged 56-65 yr (32.4%), and women (58.8%). Rationality assessment showed good results in terms of diagnosis (100%), indication (100%), duration of drug administration (97.1%), frequency of drug administration (100%), and drug interactions (93.7%). This study hopefully can enhance the effectiveness of cetirizine usage, enabling healthcare providers to prescribe the medication more rationally according to the patients' allergic symptoms.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice on antibiotic use in DKI Jakarta during COVID-19 pandemic Andini, Dheanita Nissrina; Gayatri, Anggi; Jonlean, Reganedgary
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.18822

Abstract

Insufficient knowledge of antibiotic use among the general public could lead to antibiotic resistance. As the COVID-19 pandemic might encourage antibiotic self-medication, a study about recent knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) levels on antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic needs to be carried out, including its possible associated factors. It is a cross-sectional study with 420 subjects living in DKI Jakarta and aged 18 or above. A validated KAPAQ questionnaire was used. Chi-square analysis was used to analyze the correlation between KAP levels and its possible associated factors. Most subjects’ score of KAP in antibiotic use were considered high. A statistically significant correlation between knowledge and attitude (p<0.001), knowledge and practice (p<0.001), and between attitude and practice (p<0.001) was found. A statistically significant correlation between gender and occupation fields with KAP (p<0.05), education level with knowledge (p<0.05), and history of self-medication with attitude and practice (p<0.05) were found. Age, marital status, and history of COVID-19 do not show any statistically significant correlation with KAP levels. In conclusion, most subjects have a high score of KAP in antibiotic use. All three variables also show significant correlations between each other while the sociodemographic factors that correlate significantly with KAP levels are gender, occupation field, education level, and history of self-medication with antibiotics.
Better understanding of biomolecules as drug target: a literature review Aida Nur Fadhilah; Yohanes Surya Jati; Diyah Novi Sekarini; Laelatul Afifah; Paula Natasha Arincy Shellaginella Vierin; Ruri Fitriyani
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.13074

Abstract

Drugs are small biological therapeutic agents that play a crucial role in enhancing human health. They have been widely used in the treatment of various diseases, with conventional medicine being one of the most common approaches. However, conventional medicine has several limitations, including non-specific drug targeting, limited efficacy, low stability, poor absorption rates, and degradation due to enzymatic activity and low pH in the digestive system. Efforts to improve drug targeting have led to the development of molecular-based therapies, particularly through the use of biomolecules as drug targets. Drug targeting aims to optimize therapeutic effects by focusing on specific targets while minimizing side effects. This review article explores research findings from the PubMed database, applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. It discusses the types of drugs and biomolecular targets, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), enzymes, ion channel receptors, and DNA, as well as the mechanisms through which drugs interact with these targets in the treatment of various diseases. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of these biomolecular targets are examined. In conclusion, the four biomolecules discussed each present unique characteristics as drug targets, highlighting the importance of carefully selecting appropriate molecules based on an understanding of their functions, properties, and interactions with drugs in the body.
Progesterone supplementation in women with threatened miscarriage: narrative review Ratnaningtyas, Lucia Shinta; Dedeo, Yermia Ademi; Lintarsari, Gustia Alinda; Kusmiyati; Vifiladya, Maulidina
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.17073

Abstract

The effectiveness of progesterone supplementation in treating impending miscarriages is still debatable. This narrative review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of progesterone for pregnant women who are at risk of miscarriage. The effectiveness of progesterone were obtained from online database publications as PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar between 2019 and 2024. The search was conducted by entering keywords in the database. Then by screening titles, abstracts, and contents, the search result obtained 15 articles. The outcomes were miscarriage, preterm birth, and live birth. Eight RCTs, 1 cohort, 5 meta-analyses, and 1 systematic review were included in this narrative review. The RCTs reviewed, revealed several journals which mention that oral, vaginal, and placebo progesterone have not significantly differed in preventing miscarriage. However, there were RCTs journal mention that oral dydrogesterone, vaginal and oral progesterone are effective in preventing miscarriage. In contrast, a meta-analysis research indicated that oral progesterone, vaginal progesterone, and dydrogesterone were all effective in reducing miscarriage. Progesterone supplementation may be effective in women at risk of miscarriage. The recommended route of progesterone treatment to threatened miscarriage is still controversial, but based on this narrative review, the vaginal route of progesterone is more effective and safer than oral route.
Factors influencing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in geriatric coronary heart disease patients taking low-dose aspirin Nisa, Shinta Khoirun; Mustofa; I Dewa Putu Pramantara Setiabudi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.18642

Abstract

Geriatric patients are a special group that requires special attention in monitoring drug side effects. Low-dose aspirin use over an extended period of time increases the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Identification of factors that influence UGIB is important to improve accuracy in selecting and monitoring drug therapy in geriatric patients. This study aimed to identify the variables that affect the incidence of UGIB in geriatric patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who use antiplatelet. This study used a case-control design.Secondary data were obtained retrospectively from the medical records of CHD patients in the Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta from January 2022 to June 2024. As cases were a group of inpatient CHD who received low-dose aspirin therapy and experienced UGIB, while as controls were outpatient CHD with the similar characteristics without UGIB. The data was analyzed using the Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression analysis. Bivariate analysis showed that hypertension (p = 0.003; OR 5.469; 95% CI 1.883-15.884) and the use of dual antiplatelet therapy/DAPT (p = 0.003; OR 10.075; 95% CI 2.052-49.469) were the risk factors that significantly affected the incidence of UGIB. However, further multivariate analysis demonstrated no single factor had the biggest impact on UGIB. In conclusion, risk factor that influence UGIB in the use of antiplatelet aspirin by geriatric patients with CHD are comorbid of hypertension and the use of DAPT.
Evaluation of potential drug-drug interactions in stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients on routine hemodialysis at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Ulfa, Nusmirna; Soetikno, Vivian; Hustrini, Ni Made
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.19437

Abstract

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face heightened susceptibility to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) owing to alterations in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications. Patients with Stage 5 CKD receiving hemodialysis (HD) have numerous medications that are eliminated during the HD process. This study aims to assess the prescribing patterns in stage 5 CKD patients undergoing routine HD and their association with drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and the potential for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) resulting from DDIs. This cross-sectional study encompassed stage 5 CKD patients undergoing routine HD at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from 2020 to 2021. Data were obtained from the medical records of the HD Unit. An evaluation was performed utilizing the Lexicomp software to discover DDIs. The study had 147 individuals, with 101 different medications taken, the most prevalent being epoetin alfa (70.4%). Eighty nine percent of patients who underwent treatment associated with a potential DDIs, with the bulk of these interactions classified as moderate (88%). Fifty percent of patients were suspected of experiencing ADRs due to DDIs. Diabetes mellitus exhibited a statistically significant association with suspected ADRs attributable to DDIs (p = 0.04). Hypertension was the most predicted ADR resulting from DDIs, and diabetes mellitus significantly contributed to the incidence of ADRs owing to DDIs in patients with stage 5 CKD on routine HD. In conclusion, DDI in patients undergoing routine HD is sometimes unavoidable considering the many comorbidities. The DDI that occurred was moderate in severity and could be managed well at the Dr. Cipto Mangukusumo General Hospital.
Antibiotic use at the ear, nose, and throat outpatient clinic in Bangli Regional Hospital, Bali Sudiadewi, Ni Putu Eka; Permatananda, Pande Ayu Naya Kasih; Udiyani, Desak Putu Citra; Cahyawati, Putu Nita; Aryastuti, Sri Agung
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.20992

Abstract

Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) diseases are defined as diseases that occur around the ear, nose, and throat organs, which do not recognize seasons and can affect various ages. The prevalence of ENT diseases in Indonesia is quite high, with the most common therapy being antibiotics. Irrational antibiotics use can lead to increased treatment costs, risk of side effects, and toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the use of antibiotics among ENT outpatient. This was a cross-sectional study using medical records data from the ENT Outpatient Clinic in Bangli Regional Hospital in 2022 that meet the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tables or diagrams. A total of 80 samples were evaluated, predominantly aged 18-44 yo (60%), female (53.8%), and diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media (20%). The pattern of antibiotic prescription consisted of monotherapy antibiotics (62.5%) in solid dosage forms (58.8%), administered orally (60%), and with a duration of administration ≥ 5 d (82.5%). Patients aged 18-44 yr, both male and female, receiving either monotherapy orpolytherapy antibiotics were predominantly cases of infection (>90%). The results of this study are expected to serve as one of the sources of information for the development of practical clinical guidelines for ENT patients receiving antibiotic therapy, particularly at the Bangli Regional Hospital, Bali.
Ethical consideration of gene therapy in Indonesian HIV patients and its management: A narrative review Abidin, Ali Zainal; Lessy, Nina Sakina; Widiastuti, Melina Ayu; Abimanyu, I Gede Agni Marwan; Ramadhan, Raka Kurnia
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.13288

Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a major global health issue, including in Indonesia. Gene therapy (GT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for various diseases, including HIV. However, its application also raises significant ethical challenges, particularly within the Indonesian context. This article aims to explore the ethical considerations, potential, and challenges of implementing GT for patients with HIV in Indonesia. A comprehensive narrative review was conducted by examining currentscientific literature and ethical frameworks related to GT and HIV management, with a focus on clinical feasibility, safety, and social implications within the Indonesian context. Gene therapy technologies such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and ClusteredRegularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) have shown promising potential in suppressing HIV infection. However, concerns remain regarding onand off-target effects that may cause genomic instability and oncogenesis. Ethical challenges include the high cost of therapy, limited public understanding of GT,and the absence of specific regulations governing its application in HIV treatment. Indonesia’s diverse sociocultural landscape further complicates equitable access and acceptance of this advanced technology. The implementation of GT for HIV in Indonesia requires careful ethical consideration, transparent communication,and robust policy development. Establishing national guidelines and conducting further research are essential to ensure that the adoption of GT is safe, equitable, and ethically responsible within the Indonesian healthcare system.

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