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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2745455X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/ijpther.10147
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy (IJPTher ) is a scientific journal which published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI). IJPTher is an open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal published three Issues a year. IJPTher aims to communicate high-quality articles in the fields of pharmacology. IJPTher publishes original articles, review articles, case reports and book reviews in the fields of pharmacology including basic pharmacology, clinical pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacoeconomic, toxicology and toxicogenomics.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 117 Documents
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Cost-effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: a scoping review Venanti, Bernadeta Setyo; Rizky Danang Susetyo; Hilmy Irsyadi Hanif; Tri Murti Andayani; Zullies Ikawati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.21778

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with poor clinical outcomes and substantial economic burden. Standard chemotherapy treatment offers limited survival benefits, whereas immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have broadened therapeutic options. This review evaluates the cost-effectiveness of ICIs compared to conventional chemotherapy in TNBC and aims to identify which ICI provides the most favorable economic value. Using the PICO framework, which focuses on TNBC patients receiving chemotherapy as intervention and ICIs as comparators. The primary outcomes include incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and/or life years gained (LYG). Thearticles were selected based on the PRISMA strategy. A comprehensive selection of articles published from January 2020 to December 2024 was analyzed from PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Scopus. TNBC commonly shows high tumor T-cell infiltration and Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, making ICIs such as atezolizumab and pembrolizumab viable treatment options. Atezolizumab improvedprogression-free survival (PFS) but was not found to be cost-effective in Singapore or the U.S. Pembrolizumab, however, significantly improved event-free survival (EFS) and demonstrated cost-effective across multiple countries, including Egypt, the United States of America (USA), and Switzerland. Sacituzumab govitecan, despitesurvival benefits in metastatic TNBC, showed high ICERs and poor cost-effectiveness. Pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy appears to be more cost-effective than atezolizumab for PD-L1-positive TNBC patients. Meanwhile, sacituzumab govitecan has not been demonstrated to be cost-effective.
Antidimentia activity of instant granule containing a combination of Brassica oleracea L. Var. Italica and Centella asiatica L. Urban extracts in male mice (Mus musculus) model of dementia Erni Rustiani; Suci Sintya; Min Rahminiwati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.17391

Abstract

Dementia is a progressive cognitive impairment characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Acetylcholine levels in dementia patients decrease due to increased levels of acetylcholinesterase which breaks down acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Gotu kola (Centella asiatica L. Urban) contains asiaticoside,while broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Var Italica) contains glucosinolate. Both compounds are believed to have acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antidementia activity of instant granules of a combination of B. oleracea and C. asiatica extracts in male white mice model of dementia. Thirty-five male mice were used in this experimental divided into seven group with five mice in each group. All groups were induced with hyoscine butylbromide intraperitoneally except the normal control group (group I). Group II (negative control) was given Na CMC 0.5% orally, and group III (positive control) was given piracetam intraperitoneally. Groups IV to VII were given instant granules with different formulation, namely namely group IV (25 mg :190 mg dose 1x), group V (25 mg : 190 mg dose 2x), group VI (190 mg : 190 mg dose 1x) and group VII (190 mg : 190 mg dose 2x). Y-maze test for mice was carried out for 5 min by allowing mice to explore the three arms of the Y-maze freely. A significant difference in antidementia activity between groups given the instant granules was observed (p <0.05). The instant granules combination with a ratio of B. oleracea andC. asiatica extracts (190 mg : 190 mg) had a higher antidementia activity than that combination of 25 mg : 190 mg. The instant granules combination with a ratio of B. oleracea and C. asiatica extracts (190 mg : 190 mg) at dose 2x had a higher antidementia activity than at dose 1x. In conclusion, the instant granules combination of B. oleracea and C. asiatica have a potential antidementia activity.
The quality of life (QoL) of advanced stage lung adenocarcinoma patients receiving afatinib at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta Bayu Prio Septiantoro; Retno Murwanti; Dyah Aryani Perwitasari; Mustofa
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.20381

Abstract

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate of all cancers. In its advanced stages, this disease is associated with poor survival rates and quality of life. The most common subtype of lung cancer is adenocarcinoma which is frequently associated with mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a protein crucialfor cell proliferation. The presence of EGFR mutations plays a key role in targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Afatinib is a second-generation TKI that offers several advantages over the first-generation. Afatinib is effective against complex and uncommon EGFR mutations, making it a commonly usedoption for patients with lung adenocarcinoma. However, afatinib is also associated with a higher incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) compared to other TKIs, which may impact therapeutic outcomes. This study aimed to assess the quality of life (QoL) of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutations andthe prevalence of ADRs associated with afatinib treatment at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital in Yogyakarta. The study employed an observational cross-sectional design. Prospective data collection was conducted for two months, from January to February 2025 at the Oncology Department following ethical approval. A totalof 15 patients were enrolled in this study. The most commonly identified ADRs were acne (45%), diarrhea (20%), paronychia (20%), and oral mucositis (15%). The mean QoL scores was 81.38 ± 10.01 for the functional scale, 15.93 ± 8.48 for the symptom scale, and 72.78 ± 19.53 for global health status.
Phyto therapeutic potential of Andrographis paniculata and Catharanthus roseus extract against colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell line Rifai , Fauziah Novita Putri; Hidayah, Nurul; Prabowo, Adam; Pradani, Lisa Nahdalia
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.24709

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with over 1.9 million new cases and 935,000 deaths reported in 2020. Despite therapeutic advances, recurrence, drug resistance, and systemic toxicity remain major challenges. Natural products withantioxidant and cytotoxic activity are increasingly investigated as complementary therapies. Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto), rich in andrographolide, exerts anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting migration and invasion, and modulating PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signalling pathway. Catharanthus roseus (TapakDara) produces vinca alkaloids, including vincristine and vinblastine, which inhibit microtubule polymerization and are widely used in chemotherapy. Combining these extracts may enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity through synergistic interactions. This in vitro study assessed the cytotoxic and synergistic effectsof A. paniculata extract (APE) and C. roseus extract (CRE) on HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. Extracts were prepared by ethanol maceration, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay at concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 μg/mL. IC₅₀ values were calculated using linear regression, and the combination index(CI) was determined at 1, 1/2 and 1/4 IC₅₀ to evaluate synergism. APE and CRE exhibited comparable cytotoxicity, with IC₅₀ values of 90 μg/mL and 89.5 μg/mL, respectively. The combination treatment revealed synergistic effects (CI <1) at multiple ratios, particularly at 1/4 IC₅₀ (CI = 0.58), demonstrating enhancedcytotoxicity at reduced concentrations. Both APE and CRE demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects against HCT-116 cells. Their combination produced synergistic interactions, suggesting potential as complementary phytotherapeutic agents for CRC with the benefits of dose reduction and minimized toxicity. Further in vivo and mechanistic studies are warranted.
The pharmacokinetics of cefepime in various health conditions: a review article Viktaria, Venansi; Kusumasari, Dyah; Usni Putri, Saifa; Chintyasari, Shaula; Mustofa
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.15937

Abstract

Cefepime is one of fourth-generation cephalosporins which has been proven to have activity against a wide spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterias. It induces lysis in bacterias by disrupting the cell wall synthesis. In this review, we presented the pharmacokinetic profile cefepime in subjects with various healthconditions, such as in healthy adults, in patients with hematological malignancies, in critically ill patients, as well as in patients with renal impairment. According to various studies, such conditions could alter the pharmacokinetic profile of cefepime, especially on the excretion profile. Nevertheless, it is concluded thatcefepime could still be given all subjects, either with and without underlying conditions.
Association of IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 gene polymorphisms with efficacy and toxicity of mycophenolic acid treatment in renal transplant patients: a narrative review Pratama, Dimo; Ikawati, Zullies; Hermawan, Adam
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.20875

Abstract

Immunosuppressive regimen treatment in renal transplant recipients is necessary to prevent acute rejection from the body’s immune system. Mycophenolic acid (MPA), commonly prescribed for renal transplant recipients, exists in two formulations: mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS). Both drugs act by inhibiting inosine-5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme that is responsible for the guanosine nucleotide synthesis pathway of T and B lymphocytes. IMPDH exists in two isoforms, IMPDH1 and IMPDH2, encoded by IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 gene, respectively. Polymorphisms in these genes may alter the enzyme activity, potentially influencing MPA pharmacodynamics and leading to variations in therapeutic responses among renal transplant patients taking MPA. A systematic literature search was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science with the Boolean search strategy: “IMPDH AND Polymorphism* AND Mycophenol* AND ((Renal OR Kidney) Transplant* OR Graft*)”. The articles yielded from this literature search were screened, resulting in 15 articles that were included in this review. Some studies reported the association between the IMPDH1 or IMPDH2 polymorphism and acute rejection, while others found no significant correlation. Regarding toxicity, leukopenia was linked to IMPDH1 SNPs (rs2278293, rs2278294), although the results were inconsistent. Most of the studies found no significant association between IMPDH2 SNPs and leukopenia incidence.
Multi Organ Dysfunction (MODS): A life-threatening aspect of traumatic brain injury Akshita Garg; Nidhi Khatri; Bhanu Pratap Singh; Shweta Yadav; Arti Gupta
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.24205

Abstract

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is not only a leading cause of neurological impairment but also a critical trigger for systemic complications. Among these, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) represents one of the most severe and life-threatening outcomes. Following a primary brain insult, secondary pathophysiological cascades—such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, autonomic dysregulation, and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)—initiate a systemic inflammatory response that affects peripheral organs including the lungs, liver, kidneys, and heart. This brain–body cross-talk results in multi-organ dysfunction, which significantly worsens prognosis and increases mortality. Understanding the mechanisms linking TBI to MODS is essential for early diagnosis, targeted therapeutic interventions, and improved patient survival. This review highlights the underlying pathophysiology, affected organ systems, and emerging management strategies to mitigate the systemic consequences of traumatic brain injury.
Network pharmacology approach to identifying optimal therapeutic targets in cancer drug discovery and development: Bibliometric analysis and scoping review Rovik, Anwar; Henra, Henra; Rahman, Farras Alifia; Afkarina, Izza; Conara, Flafiani Cios
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.13076

Abstract

A rise in chronic diseases, including cancer, increasingly strains public health. While conventional drug discovery often focuses on single molecules, this method frequently fails to address complex diseases with multiple causes. Network pharmacology, a systems biology approach, provides a more complete understanding of disease mechanisms by analyzing intricate biological networks. By combining multi-omics data and computational models, network pharmacology helps identify new drug targets and cellular pathways. This approach is especially promising in cancer research, where it can reveal complex interactions between genes, proteins, and metabolites. This review explains the principles of network pharmacology and its use in cancer drug discovery. We cover the process, from network building and analysis to experimental testing. Additionally, we examine how network pharmacology can speed up the development of personalized cancer treatments.
Navigating bioethical frontiers: critical concerns in biobanking Salma Darmayanti; Nuke Ayu Febryana; Zafrullah, Adila; Novian Wildan Rosyidi; Isna Maulida Hanum; Dellarious Benefit Yubaidi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.13307

Abstract

A biobank constitutes a systematically organized collection of biological specimens, accompanied by corresponding data and information. These specimens encompass a range of materials such as genetic matter (RNA, DNA, cDNA), blood, serum, plasma, urine, tissue and others. Particularly valuable in longitudinal cohort studies, biobanks facilitate the accumulation of samples over extended durations. This is made feasible by the storage facilities within biobanks, which ensure the preservation of specimen quality over time. However, the utility of biobanks across diverse domains brings to the fore a spectrum of ethical dilemmas, encompassing aspects like informed consent, confidentiality, ownership, property rights, commercialization, feedback mechanisms, and re-contact procedures. Informed consent stands as a cornerstone in a biobank operation. Studies indicate a preference for broad consent due to the forward-looking nature of biobank research and its alignment with prevailing ethical standards. Concurrently, the establishment of a tailored regulatory framework becomes imperative to uphold robust ethical oversight, while also accommodating the values of participants. Addressing concerns regarding ownership, property rights, and commercialization entails the formulation of comprehensive agreement forms detailing donor identity, sample type, intended usage, and potential commercial prospects. Furthermore, ensuring adherence to data confidentiality and individual privacy mandates equips researchers and biobank personnel with ethics training. Regular monitoring and evaluation serve to verify compliance with confidentiality regulations. In instances of noteworthy findings, the biobank can provide feedback or initiate re-contact, with protocol adjustments made in alignment with ethical principles. Consideration may also be given to re-consent procedures as deemed necessary. These protocols may be integrated into the original informed consent documentation, with oversight responsibilities vested in the ethics committee of each biobank.
Correlation between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and length of stay (LoS) of heart failure in-patients with sacubitril/valsartan and ramipril at X Hospital Semarang Hadianti Deliana R; N Setiawati, Maria Caecilia; Fef Rukminingsih
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.26456

Abstract

Heart failure is a health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates globally and nationally, so optimal therapy is needed to improve clinical outcomes and efficiency. Sacubitril/valsartan (angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor/ARNI) and ramipril (ACE inhibitor/ACEi) have become the therapeutic options in heartfailure patients. However, the effectiveness of both therapies on length of stay (LoS) and changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the Indonesian population has not much studied. This study used an observational retrospective design on the medical record data of heart failure inpatients at X Hospital, Semarang,during January to December 2024 period. All in-patients who received sacubitril/valsartan or ramipril therapy (in combination with beta blockers and aldosterone receptor antagonists) were included, and were differentiated based on changes in MAP (up, down and constant). Correlation statistical analysis was performedwith normality test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Anova tests to correlate the LoS and MAP changes between therapy. A total of 131 patients were categorized by therapy and MAP changes. The average LoS on Sacubitril/valsartan and Ramipril therapy was approximately 5–6 d each for the entire MAP change group. Statistical testsshowed no significant difference between the two therapies for LOS, as well as of MAP changes (p > 0.05). MAP changes (up, down, constant) in heart failure in-patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan and ramipril provided variation in LoS, but the differences were not statistically significant between the two therapies.

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