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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2745455X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/ijpther.10147
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy (IJPTher ) is a scientific journal which published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI). IJPTher is an open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal published three Issues a year. IJPTher aims to communicate high-quality articles in the fields of pharmacology. IJPTher publishes original articles, review articles, case reports and book reviews in the fields of pharmacology including basic pharmacology, clinical pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacoeconomic, toxicology and toxicogenomics.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 107 Documents
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Acute irritation of tetracyclic c-4-hydroxyphenylcalics [4] pyrogalolarene on skin of albino rabbits Aditya Nugraha; Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih; Rul Afiyah Syarif; Mia Munawaroh Yuniyanti; Ikhsan Nur Salim; Ratna Sari; Jumina; Eti Nurwening Sholikhah
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 1 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.480

Abstract

C-4-hydroxyphenylcalix[4] pyrogalolarene (Pg4OH) is a synthetic chemical compound that shows strong antioxidant activity. It is potential to be developed as UV skin protector. For topical admission, an acute skin irritation test is being prerequisite to be fulfill. This study was conducted to investigate the irritation effect of Pg4OH on the skin. In vivo study by quasi experiment with posttest only design was carried out by employing 3 adult male albino rabbits. The back hair was shaved at 24 h before the treatment. The Pg4OH was smeared on the bare shaved-skin and left naturally within 4 h. The observation began at 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure. The erythema and edema scores were measured. Calculation by using primary irritation index (PII) was applied. Calculation was categorized with globally harmonized system (GHS) and international organization for standardization (ISO) parameters. As a result, among three rabbits, only one animal shown erythema and edema with very small size (score: 1), on 3 sites, at 72 h. Both the control site and the sample sites gained same score. Two other rabbits were obtained 0 value at each observation location. According to the PII, the observed data was obtained score 0.0093 (very light or negligible). It can be concluded that the tetracyclic compound of Pg4OH does not irritate the skin.
The affected factors of loss to follow up (LFU) among HIV patients with antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Sri Purwaningsih; Yanri Wijayanti Subronto; Erna Kristin
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 1 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.481

Abstract

HIV infection is a global issue which is related to the increasing cases of HIV and AIDS in various countries including in Indonesia. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) that addressed for reducing the virus proliferation is not always followed by good medication adherence among patients. The ART loss to follow up (LFU) is a common problem in Indonesia. However, information concerning the affected factors of LFU among HIV patients with ART is limited. This study aimed to investigate the affected factors of LFU among HIV patients in the early two years of ART. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta among 369 medical records of HIV patients that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were HIV patients who started ART in January 2008 to December 2012, aged > 17 years with a complete medical records. The data of sociodemography and medical status patients were obtained from medical record, ART, and pharmacy register of the patients. Patient characteristics observed in this study included demographic factors such as age, sex, residence, education level, risk factors, and also medical status factors such as clinical stage, tuberculosis (TB) co-infection, functional status, and CD4 cell counts. The data were analyzed using Kaplan Meier and Cox Proportional Hazard. The results showed that patients with TB co-infection in early therapy and working functional status were significant factors of LFU (p<0.05). Patients without TB co-infection were half as much protected from LFU compared to patients with TB infection (HR=0.50; 96%CI: 0.34-0.75). It can be concluded that TB coinfection in early therapy and working fuctional status are the significant factors that influenced the LFU incidents in the two years of early therapy.
Effect of essential oil of black cumin (Nigella sativa) on hematological profiles and total cholesterol levels of Wistar rats exposed by cigarette smoke Rakhmawatie, Maya Dian; Muhammad Adzanta Al Afghani; Nurkomariah Zulhijjah; Andra Novitasari; Arief Tajally Adhiatma
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 1 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.495

Abstract

Cigarette smoke contains toxic substances such as carbon monoxide, lead, cadmium, tar and hydrogen cyanide which can triggeroxidative stress and causeerythrocyte membrane damage and hemoglobin oxidation. In addition, it also contains nicotine which can increase the total cholesterol levels. Black cumin containing thymoquinone has been known for its antioxidant and anticholesterol activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of black cumin extract on hematological profiles and total cholesterol levels of Wistar rats exposed by cigarette smoke. It was an experimental study with randomized posttest only control group design. Twenty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) that divided into four groups were used in this study.The normal control group (N) was provided with standard feed,the negative control group (C) was exposed to the cigarette smoke with two pieces of cigarettes/day for 14 days, the treated groups were given black cumin extract 200mg/kg (T1) and 400mg/kg (T2) and exposed by cigarette smoke two pieces of cigarettes/day for 14 days. On day 15, blood samples from the rats were taken through the sinus orbitalis and then the erythrocyte, the hemoglobin and the total cholesterol levels were examined. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test and continued by the post-hoc test. The results showed the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels of the T2 group was significantly higher than those of the C group (p<0.05). Although, total cholesterol levels of the T2 group was lower than that of other groups, however it was not significantly different (p>0.05). In conclusion, the administration of black cumin extract at 400mg/kg significantly increases the erythrocytes numbers and the hemoglobin levels in Wistar rats exposed by cigarette smoke.
Expression of VEGF-A And COX-2 mRNA in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs treated rat primary colonic fibroblast Andrew Limavanady; Jonathan J; Gloria Evita Thalia; Rasya Mayora; Ade Saputri; Rahmi Ayu Wijayaningsih; Eko Purnomo; Fara Silvia Yuliani; Woro Rukmi Pratiwi; Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 1 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.508

Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is often used to shorten recovery time after surgery, including after colon anastomosis surgery. Studies showed that NSAIDs might involve in the development of colon anastomotic leakage. However, the effect of NSAIDs in colon anastomosis leakage is still a subject of controversy. Studies indicated that selectivity of COX-2 might have a role in the deleterious effect of NSAIDs in colon anastomosis. Disruption of VEGF-A by NSAIDs also suspected to be the culprit in the development of anastomosis leakage during NSAIDs treatment. This study aimed to investigate the NSAIDs effect toward VEGF-A and COX-2 mRNA in rat primary colonic fibroblast. The in vitro study was conducted using fibroblast isolated from rat colon. The isolated fibroblast was divided into 4 groups of treatment i.e.controlgroup, acetaminophen group, metamizole group, and ketorolacgroup. After 48 h of treatment, the cell was harvested and the RNA was isolated. The expression of VEGF-A and COX-2 mRNA was conducted using semi-quantitative PCR(sq-PCR). Both VEGF-A and COX-2 were not expressed in untreated rat colon fibroblast. However, VEGF-A mRNA washighly expressed in the ketorolacgroup. Interestingly, COX-2 mRNA couldbe seen in the ketorolac and metamizole groups but not in the acetaminophen group. The COX-2 mRNA expression wasthe highest in ketorolac treated rat colon fibroblast. It can be concluded that the effect of various kinds of NSAIDs towards VEGF-A and COX-2 mRNA expression of colon fibroblasts is different. This condition is duetotheir different inhibitory selectivity towards COX-1 and COX2.
Antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of kapur (Harmsiopanax aculeatus) leaf extracts traditionally used for the treatment of malaria in Maluku Turalely, Rachel; Mustofa; Mahardika Agus Wijayanti; Triana Hertiani
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 1 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.512

Abstract

Harmsiopanax aculeatus leaf, locally name kapur, has been use traditionally to treat malaria in Maluku, Indonesia. However, the scientific evidences that support its use are still limited. This study aimed to investigate antiplasmodial activity of H. aculeatus leaf extract and its cytotoxicity on cancer cells line. Three extracts i.e. methanolic, n-hexanic and ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated for their in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum FCR3 strain using microscopic method. Cytotoxicity of the extracts on T47D, HeLa and Vero cells lines were determined using MTT assay method. The inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) against P. falciparum or the cells lines growth was determined using probit analysis. Furthermore, their selectivity index (SI) were determined. The results showed that the methanolic extract was the most active extract with an IC50value of 13.82 μg/mL and the most selective with a SI value of 172.84. The three extracts tested exhibited weak or no cytotoxicity against the cells lines used with IC50 values ranged 101-2388.69 μg/mL. Further study will be conducted to isolate active antiplasmodial compounds from the methanol extract.
Evaluation of empirical antibiotic usage and cost analysis of patients with nosocomial pneumonia in ICU of RSUP Dr. Sardjito, yogyakarta Minar Paskah Lianti Manik; Rizka Humardewayanti Asdie; Ika Puspitasari
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 1 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.573

Abstract

The rationality of antibiotic usage has an implication on the therapeutic quality and antimicrobial resistance control. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of this rationality becomes one quality indicator of hospitals' antimicrobial resistance programs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between the rationality of antibiotic usage with clinical outcomes and the total cost in nosocomial pneumonia patients treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The method used was descriptive-analytic observational research with a cross-sectional design analysis, and data were collected retrospectively from the medical and financial record of patients with inclusion criteria. The data were then analyzed descriptively using the Gyssens flowchart. Fisher statistical test was conducted to analyze the relationship between rationality data and therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, the Mann Whitney statistical test was conducted to examine the relationship between rationality data and the cost, while the paired t-test was conducted to analyze the resistance pattern. The results showed that antibiotic usage in patients with nosocomial pneumonia at the ICU of RSUP Dr. Sardjito was irrational and rational by 30.21% (29 regimens) and 69.79% (67 regimens) respectively. This rationality has a relation with clinical outcome based on Fisher test with p-value = 0.001 (p <0.05). Considering these results, the antibiotics cost both in the rational and irrational category has no significant difference with the p-value of 0.90 (p<0.05).
Animal models in antihypertensive drug development research Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih; Mia Munawarroh Yuniyanti; Rahmi Ayu Wijayaningsih; Mosa Rini Nurul Hidayati; Setyo Purwono
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 1 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.585

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the world. However, its pathogenesis is not fully understood and its treatment is not yet satisfying. Animal models of hypertension have been useful to understand the pathogenesis of hypertension and to test novel therapeutic agents. There are several kinds of hypertension animal models. Each model has different characteristics. Knowing the characteristic of each model is important to obtain valid research. This review will describe several available methods to develop animal model for hypertension.
Cytotoxicity of ((E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one)) on HeLa cell line Adisty Ridha Damasuri; Eti Nurwening Sholikhah; Mustofa
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 1 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.606

Abstract

In our previous study, some amino chalcone derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated their cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell line T47D. Among 11 amino chalcone derivatives, ((E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one)) exhibited the most active compound.This study aimed to investigate cytotoxic activity of the ((E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one)) against cervical cell line (HeLa). The cytotoxic activitywas determined using the MTT colorimetric assay. Cisplatin was used as positive control. From this MTT method, inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values were determined by probit analysis based on the relationship between log concentrations versus the percentage of cells growth inhibition.The results showed that the IC50 of ((E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one)) and cisplatinwere 22.75 ± 19.13 μg/mL and 14.96±1.08 μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the ((E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one)) has moderate cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell line based on National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria.
Hand cleaning activities during COVID-19 pandemic and the manifestation on human skin: a retrospective study Wicaksono, Arko Jatmiko; Ummu Mastna Zuhri
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 1 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.633

Abstract

Hand sanitizing is a popular hand-cleaning technique during the pandemic.In the present article, a retrospective study by observational and quantitative data analysis involving 155 respondents were collected through questionnaires. The most intense methods of hand-cleaningactivities (i.e. hand sanitizing, hand washing with soap, alcohol rubs, wet wipes, dried wipes and hand washing with water only)were investigated. Manifestation on human skin was evaluated personally by take into account to the real condition of the authors. Validity of the retrospective questionnaire was assessed by comparing it to the prospective journal which was considered as the reference method. As the result, hand-washing with soap is the most preferred hand-cleaning method during pandemic (94 %, total sample population n = 155). Adverse event by the usage of alcohol might observed especially during the first 4 months of the pandemic period.
The role of interprofessional education (IPE) for medical students in pharmacology subject Alfian Novanda Yosanto; Sufi Desrini; Wulandari Berliani Putri
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 1 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.710

Abstract

Interprofessional education (IPE) is a learning method that allows the clinical clerkship to study together, exchange knowledge, and develop the skill that is needed in interprofessional collaborative work practice. This article analyzed the elements within IPE including background, operational definition, goals and benefits, implementation, as well as competency in IPE. Furthermore, the role of IPE for medical students especially in pharmacology subject was discussed. In summary, interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is needed to answer the high demand and complexity of patient problems in minimizing medication errors due to low IPC. The IPE is an early step towards realizing IPC where each profession can understand each other’s roles and responsibilities to achieve comprehensive patient health.

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