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Program Studi Teknik Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin. Alamat : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin, Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea KM 10 Makassar 90245.
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Salaga Journal
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30322677     DOI : https://doi.org/10.70124/salaga
Core Subject : Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering
SALAGA journal is an academic journal for the publication of original articles and reviews in the field of appropriate technology for agriculture production and processing. The aim of this journal is to provide a forum for academia, researchers, and practitioners in discussing, reviewing, analyzing, and reporting research findings related to appropriate technologies in agriculture production and processing. Using tools, equipment, and practices that are well-matched to the regional contexts, resources, and farmer needs is referred to as using appropriate technology in agriculture. It seeks to be reasonably priced, long-lasting, and simple to maintain while enhancing production and livelihoods by taking into account environmental and social factors. Editor in Chief: Haerani ISSN (online): 3032-2677 Frequency: Biannual
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 41 Documents
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Economical Used-Oil Stove for Post-Harvest Energy in Agriculture Mamangkai, Muhamad Khuldi; Sumual, Hendro Maxwell; Manongko, Jenly Dyliep Isria
Salaga Journal Volume 03, No. 2, December 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70124/salaga.v3i2.1851

Abstract

This study aims to develop and test the performance of energy-efficient stoves fueled by used oil as a renewable alternative energy solution for small-scale farmers. The stoves are designed to reduce dependence on subsidized Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) while utilizing the increasing amount of oil waste in rural areas. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with performance testing through the Water Boiling Test (WBT) and Fuel Consumption Rate (FCR) calculations. The main findings show that used oil stoves have an average thermal efficiency of 32.28%, meeting the SNI 7926:2013 standard (>30%), although slightly below the efficiency of LPG stoves (37.45%). These stoves are able to boil water 3-5 minutes faster than LPG stoves after reaching stable combustion conditions. From an economic perspective, the daily operating cost of used oil stoves is only Rp1,986, or 69.45% cheaper than LPG, and only consumes 4.9% of farmers' monthly income—far lower than LPG, which reaches 16%. With a production cost of IDR 363,000 per unit, this stove is not only affordable but also has the potential to reduce environmental impact through the utilization of waste oil. The research results indicate that used oil stoves are suitable for implementation as appropriate technology that supports energy security and the household economy of farmers.
Planning a Micro-Hydro System for Irrigation and Agricultural Electrification in Campaga Village, Tompobulu District Hamzah, Wahdaniah; Achmad, Mahmud; Azis, Abdul; Useng, Daniel; Haerani, Haerani; Sabaniah, Syahrial
Salaga Journal Volume 03, No. 2, December 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70124/salaga.v3i2.1852

Abstract

Dependence on fossil fuels and limited access to electricity and clean water are challenges to agricultural productivity in many rural areas of Indonesia, including Campaga Village. This study aims to plan an appropriate water energy conversion (pico-hydro) system to meet the operational energy needs of agriculture, particularly irrigation pumps and lighting. The planning began with measuring the potential of resources (discharge, head) and analyzing energy needs based on agricultural applications. The measurement results showed an average discharge of 0.134 m³/s with an effective head of 10.5 m, with the potential to generate mechanical power for pumps of 3.9 kW and electrical power of 2.2 kW. The needs analysis confirmed that this potential is more than sufficient to power one irrigation pump unit (~3 kW) and light 21 road lighting points (0.63 kW). The technical planning recommends the use of a crossflow turbine and a standard AC generator in accordance with the principles of appropriate technology: simple, locally maintainable, and directly integrated with agricultural needs. The conclusion of this study shows that the designed pico-hydro system is not only technically feasible but also has the potential to become strategic supporting infrastructure to improve irrigation water resilience, extend farming hours, and ultimately empower the economy of agrarian rural communities.
ESP32 IoT Auger‑Based Automatic Feeder for Fish Pellets Mukhtar, Aqid; Munir, Ahmad; Azis, Abdul
Salaga Journal Volume 03, No. 2, December 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70124/salaga.v3i2.2134

Abstract

Manual fish feeding in aquaponics often leads to inconsistent schedules and imprecise dosing, degrading water quality and system performance. This study designs and builds an ESP32‑based IoT automatic fish feeder using an auger dispensing mechanism controlled via the Blynk platform. The objectives are to develop a reliable feeder, calibrate dosing for different pellet sizes (1, 2, and 3 mm), and evaluate scheduling accuracy and dosing precision. The prototype consists of a 3 kg acrylic hopper (45° angle of repose), a cast‑iron auger, and an ESP32 control module with a servo and DC motor driven by an L298N driver. Calibration established linear models between servo rotation time and feed dose, and between motor PWM and throwing distance. Performance tests were conducted over three days with twice‑daily feeding. Results show strong linearity in calibration (dose–time R² > 0.997; PWM–distance R² > 0.92), perfect schedule adherence (zero delay at 08:00 and 15:00), and high dosing accuracy across pellet sizes, with average errors of 2.37% (1 mm), 3.04% (2 mm), and 2.94% (3 mm) (overall mean 2.78%). In conclusion, the system integrates mechanical reliability, electronic control, and IoT accessibility to deliver precise, scheduled, and remotely controllable feed management for aquaponics. The approach is practical and low‑cost, and it contributes to smart aquaculture by enhancing operational efficiency and reducing labor dependency.
Drought Level Analysis of Paddy Fields Using the NDDI Method Based on Sentinel-2A Imagery in South Polombangkeng District, Indonesia Rahmi, Nur; Mubarak, Husnul; Nur Faridah, Sitti; Sapsal, Muhammad Tahir
Salaga Journal Volume 03, No. 2, December 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70124/salaga.v3i2.2136

Abstract

Drought is a significant climate-related hazard that severely impacts agricultural productivity, particularly in rainfed paddy fields. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution and severity of drought in paddy fields using the Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI) derived from Sentinel-2A satellite imagery. The research was conducted in South Polombangkeng District, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, during the dry season in October 2023. The NDDI was calculated by integrating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The results indicated that 85.78% of the paddy fields experienced severe drought, while mild and moderate drought covered 9.30% and 4.92%, respectively. NDVI analysis revealed that 87.81% of the area had very low to low vegetation density, and NDWI confirmed extreme moisture deficiency, with 99.88% of the area under very severe drought conditions. The accuracy of the NDDI drought map, validated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC), was 0.62, indicating acceptable model performance. These findings provide critical spatial information for drought mitigation and water management in vulnerable agricultural regions. The study demonstrates the utility of Sentinel-2A and NDDI for localized drought assessment and supports evidence-based decision-making for sustainable farming practices in drought-prone areas.
Effects of Blanching Pretreatment on the Quality Attributes of Freeze-Dried Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) Ramadhani, Nur Fitri; Ramadhani, Junaedi Muhidong; Mursalim, Mursalim; Waris, Abdul; Intan Permata Hati, Febriana
Salaga Journal Volume 03, No. 2, December 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70124/salaga.v3i2.2144

Abstract

Freeze drying is an effective method for preserving heat-sensitive fruits such as dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) by removing moisture through sublimation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of blanching pretreatment on the quality attributes of freeze-dried dragon fruit, including moisture content, color, total soluble solids (TSS), and texture. A completely randomized design with two treatments (blanched at 90°C for 3 minutes and unblanched) and three replications was employed. Samples were cut into 1 mm and 3 mm thicknesses and freeze-dried at –50°C and 20 Pa for 24 hours. Results showed that blanching significantly reduced moisture content (final difference ≈1%), but also led to greater color degradation (lower L∗  and a∗  values, higher ΔE) and softer texture compared to unblanched samples. TSS values were lower in blanched samples. In conclusion, blanching enhances drying efficiency but compromises color, texture, and soluble solids retention in freeze-dried dragon fruit.
Strategy for Developing Four-Wheel Tractor Utilization at the Agricultural Agribusiness UPTD of Maros Regency Kartini Kartini; Iqbal; Olly Sanny Hutabarat
Salaga Journal Volume 04, No. 1, June 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70124/salaga.v4i1.1830

Abstract

Agricultural mechanization through four-wheel tractors (TR4) plays a critical role in improving rice farming efficiency and addressing persistent labor shortages in rural areas. However, research on the institutional development strategies of government-managed Alsintan service units (UPTD) at the district level remains limited in the Indonesian context. This study aims to (1) identify internal and external factors influencing TR4 utilization at the UPTD of Agricultural Agribusiness Management of Maros Regency, and (2) formulate strategic development recommendations. Data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires involving 15 purposively selected respondents comprising UPTD managers, field extension officers, farmers, and representatives from related agencies. SWOT analysis was applied using Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) matrices with weighted scoring. Results indicated that the IFAS strength score (3.340) exceeded the weakness score (3.098), and the EFAS opportunity score (3.091) exceeded the threat score (2.856), positioning the UPTD in Quadrant I (Aggressive/SO Strategy). The identified priority strategies are: (1) socialization of TR4 services supported by relevant government agencies; (2) strengthening multi-stakeholder cooperation; (3) application of competitive rental rates; and (4) expansion of TR4 fleet availability through policy advocacy. These findings provide evidence-based recommendations for institutional development and agricultural mechanization policy in Maros Regency.
Physical Properties of White Pepper as Affected by Skin-Peeling Method: A Comparative Study of Soaking and Boiling on Green and Red Pepper Fruits Andi Muhammad Tegar Mengembara; Muhammad Tahir Sapsal; Junaedi Muhidong; Febriana Intan Permata Hati
Salaga Journal Volume 04, No. 1, June 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70124/salaga.v4i1.2271

Abstract

Skin-peeling method is a critical determinant of white pepper quality. This study evaluated the effects of two skin-peeling treatments, soaking at room temperature (30 °C for 10–14 days) and boiling at high temperature (100 °C for 10 minutes), on three physical properties of white pepper produced from green and red pepper fruits (Piper nigrum L.): moisture content (wet-basis/MC wb and dry basis/ MC db), color attributes (L*, a*, b*), and hardness. A total of 150 fresh pepper fruits from Bulukumba Regency, sorted at two maturity levels (green and red, 5.5–6.0 mm diameter), were divided into four treatment groups. This study was descriptive and comparative in nature without statistical replication; results are presented as single-point observations. The boiling treatment produced the lowest MC wb in peeled red pepper (LMPK: 8.83%), the only sample approaching the maximum threshold set by SNI 0004:2013 (≤13.0%). Soaking resulted in MC wb values of 25.05% for peeled pepper across both maturity levels. In terms of surface lightness, soaked peeled red pepper (LMRK: L* = 11.86) outperformed boiled peeled red pepper (LMPK: L* = 8.51), indicating that soaking better preserved kernel brightness. Hardness values of peeled pepper ranged from 27.68 N (LHPK) to 36.62 N (LMPK), with the boiling treatment producing comparable or slightly higher hardness than soaking. The soaking method produced brighter white pepper kernels, while boiling more effectively reduced moisture content and is better suited when shelf life is the priority.
Effects of Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica Extracts on Postharvest Weight Loss and Shelf Life of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars Folasade Ade-Ogunnowo; Oluseyi Adejoye
Salaga Journal Volume 04, No. 1, June 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70124/salaga.v4i1.2286

Abstract

Postharvest weight loss is a major constraint on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) shelf life in tropical environments. This study evaluated ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Azadirachta indica (neem) for their effects on weight retention and storage kinetics of San Marzano and Royal tomato cultivars over 20 days at ambient conditions (28 ± 2°C). Treatments comprised ethanol extracts (50–200 g/500 mL), aqueous hot and cold extracts (50 g/500 mL), and a distilled water control in a completely randomised design. Physiological loss in weight (PLW) differed significantly among treatments (p < 0.05). The 100 g/500 mL ethanol extract of bitter leaf gave the lowest PLW and highest weight retention, in Royal (37.3%) followed by San Marzano (41.9%). Hot aqueous extracts showed moderate efficacy (46.2–50.3% PLW), cold aqueous extracts were least effective (70.7–77.3%), and excess ethanol (150–200 g/500 mL) accelerated deterioration (81.6–86.9% PLW), indicating phytotoxicity. Weight loss followed an exponential decay pattern (R² = 0.91–0.98), with lower decay constants in optimised treatments (k ≈ 0.063–0.069 day⁻¹). Royal consistently showed greater postharvest stability than San Marzano. These findings indicate that a 100 g/500 mL V. amygdalina ethanol formulation offers an accessible, low-cost postharvest coating that can extend tomato shelf life and reduce reliance on synthetic fungicides for smallholder farmers in tropical regions.
Media Hydraulics Govern Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis) Growth under Floating Sub-irrigation Hilda Agustina; Lily Endah Diansari; K.H. Iskandar
Salaga Journal Volume 04, No. 1, June 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70124/salaga.v4i1.2289

Abstract

Floating vegetable cultivation can reduce production constraints in wetland areas, but its performance depends on the capacity of planting and suction media to regulate capillary water supply in the root zone. This study evaluated the effects of media hydraulics on root-zone moisture, growth, and yield of pakchoi under a floating sub-irrigation system. A greenhouse experiment was arranged using two planting media, namely soil:rice husk charcoal:manure (1:1:1) and soil:manure (3:1), combined with two suction media, namely crushed tile particles and fabric wick, with three replications. Hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, root-zone moisture dynamics, plant height, leaf number, and fresh biomass were observed. The soil:manure medium had lower hydraulic conductivity (4.23 × 10⁻⁵ cm s⁻¹) and higher bulk density (0.97 g cm⁻³), indicating greater water retention capacity than the more porous medium. The combination of soil:manure and crushed tile suction media produced the best crop response, with plant height of 22.17 cm, 10 leaves plant⁻¹, and fresh biomass of 86.21 g plant⁻¹. These results indicate that floating sub-irrigation performance is governed by the balance between capillary water supply and root-zone moisture retention. The system can be developed as a passive, low-energy irrigation technology for wetland vegetable cultivation.
The Effect of Nozzle Type and Height on the Performance of the Ferto-15 Drone M. Asqar Asqari Syafnur; Mahmud Achmad; Sitti Nur Faridah; Abdul Azis; Syahrial Sabaniah
Salaga Journal Volume 04, No. 1, June 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70124/salaga.v4i1.2290

Abstract

The efficiency of agricultural spraying drones heavily relies on hardware selection, such as nozzles, and operational parameters like flight height, which creates a trade-off between spray coverage and drift. This study aimed to analyze the effect of three nozzle types (flat fan, even fan, cone) and three flight heights (2 m, 2.5 m, and 3 m) on spray area, drift, efficiency, and uniformity (CU and DU) on the Ferto-15 drone. The research method employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) under static and dynamic test conditions, with spray volume data collected using catch cans. The results indicated that flight height was the most dominant factor; increasing height expanded the spray area but increased drift and decreased efficiency in dynamic tests. Nozzle type and its interaction with height had a pronounced effect under dynamic conditions, where the Flat-Fan nozzle consistently produced the most superior distribution uniformity (CU and DU). The main conclusion shows that the most optimal configuration was the use of the Flat-Fan nozzle at a 2-meter height, which provided the best balance between high deposition efficiency (95.89%), low drift (0.411 L), and superior uniformity (CU 89.89%). This finding demonstrates that achieving effective spraying performance depends on the synergistic combination of nozzle type and flight height.

Page 4 of 5 | Total Record : 41

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