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INDONESIA
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
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Articles 349 Documents
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Kajian Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Limbah Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus. L) Kurniati, Yuni; Khasanah, Iis Elfy; Firdaus, Kurniawati
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v10i2.6603

Abstract

Ethanol is a fuel with a high octane number and is environmentally friendly. Bioethanol which can be made from biomass materials such as pineapple peel, is considered not to interfere with food security. With a fairly high carbohydrate and glucose content, pineapple can be converted into reducing sugars that can be fermented to produce ethanol. This study was conducted using the journal review method and aims to determine the mechanism, the variables that play the role, and the optimum conditions of fermentation in the manufacture of bioethanol from pineapple peel. The focus of the analysis was on hydrolysis, namely the type, concentration of the hydrolyzing agent, pH, temperature, and concentration of yeast in fermentation. The analysis from previous studies, the best hydrolysis was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase enzymes with a concentration of 1%-2%. The optimum pH of fermentation was found at pH 5 to pH 6, the fermentation temperature was 30 oC with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration of 1.5% – 2%, and the optimum fermentation time occurred in the range of 48 to 96 hours. The high amount of reducing sugar produces a high amount of ethanol as well.
Pengaruh Oleamida Terhadap Karakteristik Pematangan Karet Alam Terisi Silika Surya, Indra; Philbert
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v10i2.6606

Abstract

The purpose of this study was as a feasibility study of the utilization of oleamide as a new additive for natural rubber (NR) filled with silica using the semi-efficient vulcanization system. Silica fillers used as much as 30 parts per hundred parts rubber (phr). Oleamide was obtained from the synthesis of oleic acid with urea. Oleamide was inserted into the silica filled NR compounds with the varied composition of 0.0 phr; 2.0 phr; 4.0 phr; 6.0 phr, and 8.0 phr. The influence of oleamide on the curing characteristic of the silica filled NR compounds was observed. It was obtained that the oleamide functions as a curative and also a plasticizer. The greater the levels of oleamide added, the shorter the scorch time and optimum curing time were. Oleamide also decreased the minimum torque with addition up to 8.0 phr. The greater the levels of oleamide was, the lower the minimum torque was. Oleamide also increased the maximum torque and torque difference of the silica-filled NR composites at the addition of 2.0 phr. The 2.0 phr was the optimum composition of the oleamide.
Hidrolisis Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes) Menjadi Glukosa Menggunakan Rotating Microwave Reactor Sarah, Maya; Pratiwi, Ita; Hasibuan, Isti Madinah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i1.6760

Abstract

Water hyacinth is lignocellulosic biomass that has the potential for glucose production because it contains 64.51% cellulose. Hydrolysis of water hyacinth was done in a rotating reactor with a microwave as a heat source. This study aims to obtain glucose by determining the hydrolysis reaction rate constant of power and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration function and to find the best conditions for this hydrolysis process. Several research variables were H2SO4 concentration (0.5 N; 1 N; and 1.5 N), microwave power (600 W and 800 W) and reaction time of 60 minutes. Parameters measured were hydrolyzate temperature, glucose, and cellulose content. The hydrolysis reaction rate constant obtained based on the Arrhenius equation was k =1.30 x 10-2 e-132.172/T and the relationship between H2SO4 concentration and microwave power was C = 0.001P. The best conditions were obtained using 1 N H2SO4 and microwave power of 600 W with final glucose content of 486 mg/L.
Preparasi Komposit Polimer Alami Berbasis Pektin Kulit Jeruk Bali sebagai Edible Coating pada Tomat Palungki, Anteng Relis; Auliah, Nahdatul; Imani, Nadya Alfa Cahaya
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i1.6923

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is very susceptible to damage and has a relatively short shelf life. The increased production of tomatoes which are not accompanied by an increase in consumption will cause a large amount of waste. An edible coating (EC) film could increase the durability of tomatoes thus it is needed to improve the quality and shelf life of tomatoes. EC is a thin layer that is safe for consumption and environmentally friendly. In this study, EC was prepared by extracting pectin from pomelo peel combined with one of two ingredients, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and tapioca, and using a plasticizer in the form of glycerol. Measurement of weight loss and organoleptic tests (color and texture) of tomatoes were carried out for 14 days. The best results were obtained by pectin 3% (w/w), CMC 1% (w/w) and tapioca 1% (w/w). The EC was able to increase the shelf life of tomatoes up to day 14 with a weight loss of 0.063%, while tomatoes without coating had been tainted on day 6 with a weight loss of 0.387%.
Pengaruh Penambahan Co-solvent Metil Ester dan Waktu Reaksi pada Proses Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit Menjadi FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Daryono, Elvianto Dwi; Mustiadi, Lalu
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i1.7668

Abstract

Biodiesel is a renewable energy that is expected to replace diesel. The process of making biodiesel is constrained due to the limited solubility of the reactants. One way to increase the solubility is to add a co-solvent that can dissolve polar and non-polar materials. Methyl ester is the best co-solvent because it is cheap and can shorten the stages of the biodiesel manufacturing process. The aim of the research was to obtain the optimum conditions for the transesterification process with the addition of co-solvent methyl ester. The operating conditions of the study were palm oil raw material, 1% NaOH catalyst mass, oil : methanol molar ratio = 1:6, stirring speed 100 rpm, reaction temperature 70 ⁰C, reaction time (5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes) and the mass of co-solvent (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%). The optimum conditions of the study obtained the optimum FAME yield of 57.33% in the transesterification reaction of palm oil with 15% co-solvent methyl ester at a reaction time of 15 minutes. At the optimum condition obtained FAME concentration of 96.63% which meets SNI 7182-2015.
Pengaruh Penambahan Minyak Kelapa Murni terhadap Sifat Perekat Berbahan Dasar Tepung Tapioka Vincent; Pancasakti, Bima Prasetya; Budhijanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i1.8067

Abstract

Wood adhesive has significant contribution in the development of furniture industries. Currently, the most widely used type of adhesives is synthetic adhesive which is carcinogenic to humans. This research aimed to develop cassava starch-based bioadhesive. The additive added to the adhesive was virgin coconut oil (VCO) which had antibacterial and antifungal properties. The research method used is quantitative approach where adhesives were made and the properties were analyzed. The steps of making the adhesives included hydrolysis reaction, oxidation, and VCO addition. The reaction was carried out at 70 ℃ and atmospheric pressure for 90 minutes. The amount of VCO added were varied to 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the weight of cassava starch. The properties measured were viscosity, solid content, shelf life, shear strength, and the molecular structure of the adhesives. The results showed that the addition of VCO improved the shelf life of the adhesive but weakened the shear strength of the adhesive. The amount of VCO that should be added to improve the adhesive quality is 10% of the weight of cassava starch.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Kapang dan Lama Waktu Fermentasi terhadap Kadar Bioetanol dari Limbah Kulit Singkong (Manihot esculenta) Setyawan Jati, Sasani; Widayatno, Tri
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i2.8279

Abstract

The purpose of this research is the manufacture of bioethanol by utilizing cassava peel, this process is through acid hydrolysis and fermentation processes. Making bioethanol with variations in the effect of the rate of fermentation time (5th days and 10th days), as well as with variations in the amount of mold concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%). The mold used is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, then the mixed bioethanol is separated through the distillation process and will produce bioethanol. Based on the data obtained, the highest ethanol content was found in the variation of the addition of 30% mold on the 5th day of 8.09% and the lowest ethanol content was found in the variation of the addition of 10% mold on the 10th days of 5.86%. This proves that each variation has an optimum value in producing bioethanol content from cassava peels.
Pengaruh Jarak Elektroda dan Tegangan terhadap Efektivitas Pengolahan Air Lindi dengan Metode Elektrokoagulasi-Adsorpsi Zeolit Fadhila, Anisa Nur; Purnama, Herry
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i1.8284

Abstract

The problem that has been difficult to overcome until now is the waste problem. Landfilling remains a method that is often used but has a disadvantage in the form of leachate production. Leachate or leachate is defined as wastewater produced from Final Disposal Sites (TPA). The combination of electrocoagulation and adsorption methods can be a promising treatment technology. The electrocoagulation process was carried out for 1 hour using iron electrodes. The variations used are electrode distances consisting of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, and 2 cm while the voltages consist of 10 volts, 20 volts, and 30 volts. In adsorption, zeolite adsorbent was used with a residence time of 2 hours. The research stages started from the preparation of leachate samples, examination of initial characteristics, leachate treatment, and testing of COD, TSS, and pH. The results showed that the optimal variation was obtained at a distance of 1 cm and a voltage of 30 volts with a COD efficiency of 98.84% and TSS of 99.82%. For the pH value, the result is that the greater the distance between the electrodes and the voltage, the higher the pH value obtained.
Pembuatan Gelatin dari Tulang Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Menggunakan Metode Asam untuk Pengental Sirup Nanas Wardhana, Krisna Wisnu; Sugiharto, Agung
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i1.8349

Abstract

Imports of gelatin in Indonesia have increased according to demand. Gelatin is a protein derivative from collagen fibers derived from bone extraction. Gelatin contains protein, water and minerals. Gelatin is used to thicken, concentrate, and stabilize fluids such as water, acetic acid, and alcohol. The raw material used in the study was tilapia bone due to the lack of utilization of tilapia bone waste treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sulfuric acid concentration on gelatin yield and to apply gelatin as a thickener for pineapple syrup. The methods are degreasing, extraction, and application of pineapple syrup. Variations in the concentration of H2SO4 were 1%, 3%, 5%, and variations in immersion time were 10 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. The analysis carried out on tilapia bone gelatin consisted of yield, acidity (pH) and viscosity. The best yield was produced using 1% H2SO4 and 10 hours immersion, which was 13.77%. The largest pH was produced at 2.47 with the use of 5% H2SO4 and immersion for 24 hours, and the largest viscosity was produced at 7.66 cP with the use of 5% H2SO4 and immersion for 36 hours.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) sebagai Koagulan Alami terhadap Karakteristik Karet Klon PB 260 Achmad, Feerzet; Amelia, Devita; Pratiwi, Ayu; Wahyu Saputri, Laila; Deviany; Yuniarti, Reni; Suhartono; Suharto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v11i1.8418

Abstract

Averrhoa bilimbi is a plant rich in benefits, one of which as natural coagulant. The aim of this research is to increase the potential of Averrhoa bilimbi as an environmentally friendly natural coagulant for the coagulation of rubber clone PB 260. The concentrations of Averrhoa bilimbi used were 45%, 55%, 65%, 75% and 85%. The characteristics of the rubber tested were dry rubber content (DRC), initial plasticity (Po) and Plasticity Retention Index (PRI). Based on the results of this study, the optimum concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi is 85% for latex coagulation time of 11 minutes with 33% DRC, 41% Po and 97% PRI. The highest the concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi used, the faster the coagulation process occurred. 2% formic acid was used as a chemical coagulant for comparison. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that Averrhoa bilimbi can be used as a natural coagulant producing rubber characteristics equal in quality as the ones using formic acid as a chemical coagulant and meets Indonesian Rubber Standard SNI 06-1903-2000.

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