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Jurnal Widya Medika
Published by Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya
ISSN : 23380373     EISSN : 26232723     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33508/jwm
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Widya Medika is the official publication media of Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Faculty of Medicine. Jurnal Widya Medika publishes original research articles, case reports, and literature reviews from scientists of various medical education and research institutions, including select scientific works from medical students. All articles published had undergone plagiarism checks, editorial review by the editorial board, and peer review by experts from their respective fields in order to maintain the high standard of articles published in Jurnal Widya Medika.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 193 Documents
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPERTENSION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS Danti, Ida Ayu Mahari; Masyeni, Sri; Dewi, Saraswati Laksmi; Lestarini, Asri
JURNAL WIDYA MEDIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jwm.v12i1.7871

Abstract

Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) remains a global health issue, often presenting as resistant hypertension even with multiple antihypertensive medications. This study aims to describe the characteristics of hypertension in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at Sanjiwani Regional Hospital. A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using secondary data from medical records of CKD patients with hypertension who underwent hemodialysis from January 2022 to December 2023, involving 100 patients. The study found that the highest proportion of hypertensive CKD patients were aged 46-65 years (60%), predominantly male (63%), with grade 1 hypertension (69%). The majority had CKD for ≥5 years (60%) and were taking ≤3 antihypertensive medications (72%). The commonly used antihypertensive drug class was calcium channel blockers (68%), with diabetes mellitus identified as the primary etiology (45%). Many CKD patients experience resistant hypertension, primarily affecting males aged 46-65 years.
OVERVIEW OF MALARIA SURVEILLANCE IN THE ELIMINATION PHASE AT THE OESAPA COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER Wahyuni , Maria Magdalena Dwi; Landi, Soleman; Pare, Maria Saveryani Dua; Sabet, Kristina Novaeli; Dubu, Yansenin; Manu, Nadia Margarita
JURNAL WIDYA MEDIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jwm.v12i1.7924

Abstract

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in regions that have achieved elimination but remain vulnerable to imported cases due to high population mobility. This study describes the malaria surveillance system at the Oesapa Community Health Center during the elimination phase, specifically assessing its readiness to detect, report, and respond to cases in a timely. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the study involved five key informants through in-depth interviews and document reviews, followed by a narrative analysis of planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The results indicate that all surveillance stages align with national guidelines, including data-driven planning, early detection via laboratory testing, travel history recording, and routine reporting. While the system at Oesapa is categorized as 'good,' enhancements in human resource capacity, migration surveillance, and cross-sector coordination are essential to prevent malaria reintroduction and sustain elimination status.
OVERVIEW OF VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASES SURVEILLANCE AND COMPLETE BASIC IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AT CAMELIA POSYANDU Wahyuni, Maria Magdalena Dwi; Landi, Soleman; Litelnoni, Aletha Anasthasya; Naisais, Marsela Candra; Tasoin, Asiana Agalta; Yusuf, Dea Benita; Meilyani, Rany
JURNAL WIDYA MEDIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jwm.v12i1.7952

Abstract

Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) remain a global health challenge. In Indonesia, immunization coverage has not yet reached the national target, particularly in East Nusa Tenggara Province, which recorded only 79.04% coverage in 2024. This study aimed to describe VPD surveillance and immunization coverage at the Camelia Integrated Health Service Post, involving 30 toddlers, through examination of health cards and interviews. The study used a qualitative approach with a retrospective descriptive analytical design. Surveillance was conducted through five stages: data collection, monthly data processing, analysis, ACER reporting, and follow-up in the form of catch-up immunization. The results showed that 33.3% of children were fully immunized on time, 30% experienced delayed immunization, and 36.7% had incomplete immunization status. DPT-HB-Hib (32.8%) and oral polio vaccine (23%) were the most frequently delayed vaccines due to parents’ lack of knowledge, concerns about side effects, child illness, busy schedules, limited access to services, and insufficient family support. The study concluded that although immunization coverage was not yet optimal, the implementation of VPD surveillance and a consistent catch-up immunization program effectively prevented VPD cases in the Camelia Posyandu area. Recommendations include strengthening digital recording systems, continuing health education, implementing digital reminder systems, optimizing home visits, and conducting periodic evaluations.
INNATE IMMUNITY IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH INFECTION Fatussonia, Sofia; Rizkinanda, Aulia; Farida, Meutia Dwi; Santi, Dwi Rukma
JURNAL WIDYA MEDIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jwm.v12i1.7960

Abstract

The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against pathogens, particularly in infants and children whose adaptive immune systems are not yet fully mature. Infants and children are highly susceptible to acute respiratory infections (ARI), diarrhea, and sepsis due to low antiviral cytokine production, a dominant Th2 response, and suboptimal immune cell maturation. This literature review aims to understand the role of innate immunity in determining susceptibility, disease course, and severity of infections in early childhood. The method used was a literature review of national and international journals published between 2020 and 2025, with thematic narrative analysis. The results of the study indicate that the innate immune system in children exhibits different activity compared to adults, with higher expression of antiviral genes and inflammatory mediators in the mucosa, but still low phagocytic function and production of certain cytokines. External factors such as nutrition, breast milk, vitamin D, and the microbiota also play a role in modulating the innate immune response. Understanding the mechanisms of innate immunity is crucial for developing strategies for preventing and managing infections in infants and children, including immunization, nutritional interventions, and probiotics, to reduce morbidity and mortality from infections in early life.
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH ALLERGIES Kusumawardani, Netta; Permatasari, Zendy Indah; Tasbieta, Alfi Asyadda; Santi, Dwi Rukma
JURNAL WIDYA MEDIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jwm.v12i1.7970

Abstract

The immune system consists of innate immunity and adaptive immunity, which interact to protect the body from pathogens and foreign substances. In children, the adaptive immune system is not fully developed, so the function of B cells and T cells, as well as immune tolerance mechanisms, is still limited. This condition can increase susceptibility to allergies, especially when influenced by environmental factors, genetics, and gut microbiota. Various studies have shown that disturbances in the adaptive immune balance, such as the dominance of Th2 responses, low regulatory B cell function, and changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines, play a significant role in triggering allergic reactions. Furthermore, environmental exposures such as air pollution, cigarette smoke, house dust allergens, and skin barrier disruption contribute to worsening sensitization and increasing the risk of atopic dermatitis, food allergies, and allergic rhinitis in children. This literature review analyzes articles that discuss the mechanisms of allergies in children through an adaptive immune system approach. The results indicate that allergies are a multifactorial condition influenced by immunological imbalance, activation of specific molecular pathways, and an unstable microbiota. The adaptive immune system in allergic children tends to exhibit hyperresponsiveness, including increased TfH cell activity, decreased regulatory T cells, increased neutrophils, and high production of allergenic cytokines. These findings emphasize that understanding adaptive immune development early in life is crucial for more effective allergy prevention and treatment strategies in children.
DESCRIPTION OF SELF-EFFICACY REGARDING MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN KUPANG CITY, EAST NUSA TENGGARA Wahyuni, Maria Magdalena Dwi Wahyuni; Landi, Soleman; Benu, Putra James; Neolaka, Jefri Arisamsi; Tukan, Maria Kurniawati; Mathilde, Mauricia Keyra; Gaa, Jesica Margareta; Sabuna, Putri Meldi
JURNAL WIDYA MEDIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jwm.v12i1.7979

Abstract

The role of self-efficacy in antiretroviral medication adherence is a critical factor in ensuring therapeutic success for people living with HIV/AIDS, particularly given the rising number of cases in Kupang City. This study describes self-efficacy related to treatment adherence using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations of five participants registered in HIV services. Informants were selected via purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed and presented descriptively to illustrate patterns of adherence and the factors influencing self-efficacy. The results indicate that all participants possess strong confidence in their daily medication routines, experience no significant side effects, and have achieved positive clinical outcomes. High self-efficacy is driven by internal motivation, family responsibilities, and emotional and instrumental support from their environment. Additionally, assistance from fellow survivors—who facilitate medication access and provide psychological reinforcement—plays a vital role. Together, these factors foster positive habits that sustain therapy compliance. This study concludes that robust self-efficacy, reinforced by social support, is the foundation for maintaining medication adherence. These findings emphasize the need for interventions focused on boosting self-efficacy, providing continuous education, and strengthening peer support groups to ensure long-term treatment success.
PROTOCOL OPTIMIZATION OF RT-qPCR FOR NF-ΚB DETECTION IN CARDIAC TISSUE FROM HFHS-FED MICE Jaya, Ferdinand Wiliam; Novita, Bernadette Dian; Suwandito, Laurensius; Wijaya, Hendy; Tjahjono, Yudy; Hendrata, Adi Pramono; Dewi, Sianty; Wijaya, Sumi; Ervina, Martha; Kuncorojakti, Suryo
JURNAL WIDYA MEDIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jwm.v12i1.8196

Abstract

Accurate detection of gene expression in challenging tissues requires methodological optimization to ensure reproducibility. Cardiac tissue, with its low cell density and variable RNA yield, presents particular difficulties for RT‑qPCR analysis. This study aimed to refine NF‑κB detection in HFHS‑fed C57BL/6 mice by comparing a standard 2‑ΔΔCt approach with an optimized protocol incorporating individualized calibrators adjusted for RNA concentration. Six male mice were divided into standard-diet (STD) and high‑fat, high‑sucrose (HFHS) groups, and cardiac RNA was extracted after 8 weeks of feeding. While relative NF‑κB expression trends were higher in the HFHS group, differences were not statistically significant; however, the optimized method consistently reduced variability and improved measurement reliability compared to the generalized approach. These findings highlight the value of individualized calibration as a protocol refinement for RT‑qPCR, offering a more rational framework for gene expression analysis in heterogeneous or technically demanding tissue samples.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH SNAKEBITES AT SANJIWANI HOSPITAL, BALI Nindyaswari, Raka Dyah; Masyeni, Sri; Dewi, Saraswati Laksmi; Juwita, Dewa Ayu Putu Ratna
JURNAL WIDYA MEDIKA Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jwm.v12i1.8235

Abstract

Snakebites are a common occurrence in tropical regions, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients bitten by snakes. It employs a descriptive, cross-sectional approach to analyze cases at Sanjiwani General Hospital. The sample includes all snakebite cases from January 2021 to December 2022, totaling 192 cases. The results indicate that the majority of snakebite incidents occurred in individuals aged 40-49 years (25.0%), predominantly among males (69.3%), and that most cases originated in Gianyar District (26.6%). The most frequently reported clinical symptom was pain (96.9%), with 91.1% of cases graded 2. Most patients did not experience complications (97.9%). Fang marks were the most common type of wound (96.9%), with the upper extremities being the most frequent bite site (51.6%). Laboratory examinations revealed that the average complete blood count was within the normal range, although prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were prolonged. The treatments administered included antivenom (99.0%), Human Tetanus Immunoglobulin (94.3%), and antibiotics (99.5%). Notably, all patients in the study survived. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted public health interventions to educate high-risk populations about snakebite prevention and the importance of seeking prompt medical treatment. Additionally, this study emphasizes the need for improved healthcare resources and training for medical personnel to manage snakebite cases effectively, thereby improving outcomes and reducing complications.
OVERVIEW OF TUBERCULOSIS SURVEILLANCE STAGES AT THE OEBOBO COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER Wahyuni, Maria Magdalena Dwi; Landi, Soleman; Ardiansyah, Dimas Rohman; Lewar, Benedicta Sabu; Kadek, Triya Tabita; Adu, Petronela Adelfin; Mau, Yohana; Azizah, Nur Asma
JURNAL WIDYA MEDIKA Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jwm.v12i2.7975

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health challenge in Indonesia, placing community health centers at the forefront of epidemiological surveillance. This qualitative study, utilizing a descriptive thematic analysis design, was conducted from October to November 2025 to evaluate the TB surveillance stages, case-finding mechanisms, and the internal strengths and weaknesses of the Oebobo Community Health Center. Data were collected from 12 informants, comprising TB program management, the surveillance team, and 10 TB patients, through in-depth and structured interviews, supplemented by a review of monthly health center reports. The findings indicate that while the surveillance stages (collection, processing, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination) are systematically implemented, case-finding relies heavily on contact investigation, active screening, and the optimization of TB cadres. The primary strengths of the program include its proactive, community-based approach and the use of periodic data analysis to guide interventions. However, the lack of adequate laboratory facilities for diagnosis remains a significant barrier. Ultimately, while TB surveillance at the Oebobo Community Health Center is operational and well-integrated into the community, it is not yet fully effective due to these infrastructure limitations.
EVALUATION OF THE INTEGRATED EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR DISEASES AT THE ALAK COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, KUPANG CITY Landi, Soleman; Wahyuni, Maria Magdalena Dwi; Duli, Maria Alfonsia Deran; Pandie, Erlian Mariana; Setiawan, Thirza Khalilah Putri; Wellem, Tamariska Priscilla Pristin Wellem
JURNAL WIDYA MEDIKA Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jwm.v12i2.8016

Abstract

An integrated epidemiological surveillance system plays a crucial role in supporting early detection and public health response at the primary healthcare level. This study aimed to describe the implementation of the Integrated Epidemiological Surveillance System for diseases at Alak Primary Health Center, Kupang City, in 2025. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using in-depth interviews with five purposively selected informants, consisting of three key informants (the epidemiological surveillance program officer and two surveillance staff) and two supporting informants (a health information system officer and a laboratory officer). Data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Key findings indicate that the implementation of surveillance was supported by the availability of trained surveillance personnel, adequate operational funding, and the utilization of supporting facilities such as electronic medical records, surveillance applications, and manual reporting forms. The system has integrated indicator-based surveillance and event-based surveillance for communicable diseases, as well as the use of the ASIK application for monitoring non-communicable diseases. Data processing and analysis were conducted routinely based on person, place, and time variables and were utilized in monthly evaluations. Surveillance information was disseminated through weekly bulletins, reports to the District Health Office, and information media at the primary health center. The main challenge identified was the limited availability of supporting equipment, particularly computers, which affected the timeliness of reporting. Strengthening infrastructure and technical capacity is essential to enhance the effectiveness of surveillance in supporting early detection and public health response.

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