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INDONESIA
National Journal of Law
Published by Universitas Nasional Jakarta
ISSN : 26862778     EISSN : 26862751     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
National Journal of Law is a journal that publishes legal science articles, namely among others in the fields of civil law, criminal law, state administrative law, constitutional law, Business Law including all procedural law, as well as regarding cyber law, international law. Merupakan jurnal yang mempublikasikan artikel ilmu hukum, yaitu bidang perdata, pidana, tata negara, administrasi negara, konstitusi termasuk semua hukum acaranya, maupun mengenai cyber Law, hukum internasional.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 72 Documents
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10.47313 DUGAAN CACAT HUKUM PUTUSAN PTUN SURABAYA NOMOR 190/G/2021/PTUN.SBY DALAM SURAT KEPUTUSAN REKTOR NO. 887/UN3/2021 TENTANG PEMBERHENTIAN SEBAGAI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA TAHUN 2022 Chairijah, Chairijah; Zainal Abidin, Abidin
NATIONAL JOURNAL of LAW Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): Volume 8, Nomor 2, Tahun 2024
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47313/njl.v8i2.3860

Abstract

Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara berfungsi untuk menangani penyelesaian sengketa antara pemerintah dengan warga masyarakat atau badan hukum. Sengketa Tata Usaha Negara adalah sengketa yang timbul dalam bidang Tata Usaha Negara antara orang atau badan hukum perdata dengan badan atau pejabat tata usaha negara baik di pusat maupun di daerah sebagai akibat dari dikeluarkannya Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara. Hasil dari penelitian menyatakan bahwa perlindungan hukum untuk Sdr. Luqman Alwi belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan teori perlindungan hukum yang bertujuan untuk melindungi hak-hak yuridis nya yang sesuai dengan Pasal 1243 KUHPerdata. Pertimbangan hakim yang tidak mengabulkan kerugian keuntungan yang diharapkan dalam putusan nomor 190/G/2021/PTUN.SBY kuranglah tepat, karena kerugian tersebut dapat diperhitungkan dan masuk ke dalam kategori kerugian materiil. The State Administrative Court functions to handle dispute resolution between the government and citizens or legal entities. State Administrative Disputes are disputes that arise in the field of State Administration between civil persons or legal entities and state administrative bodies or officials both at the central and regional levels as a result of the issuance of a State Administration Decree. The results of the study stated that legal protection for Mr. Luqman Alwi has not fully complied with the theory of legal protection which aims to protect his
10.47313 PENEGAKAN HUKUM LINGKUNGAN HIDUP PADA KEBAKARAN HUTAN Ahmad Sobari, Sobari
NATIONAL JOURNAL of LAW Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): Volume 8, Nomor 2, Tahun 2024
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47313/njl.v8i2.3861

Abstract

Indonesia saat ini juga mengalami permasalahan yang serius tentang kerusakan dan pencemaran lingkungan yang semakin hari kian meningkat. Perkara lingkungan hidup ini menjadi tanggungjawab besar karena memiliki keterkaitan dengan kualitas kehidupan dimasa mendatang. Dibutuhkan penegakan hukum dilakukan agar kegiatan dalam rangka melaksanakan berbagai ketentuan-ketentuan hukum, baik itu bersifat pencegahan maupun penindakan harus mencakup aspek seluruh kegiatan yang secara teknis maupun administratif, hal ini dapat dilakukan oleh aparat hukum dan pemerintah sesuai dengan aturan yang terdapat pada Undang-Undang yang berlaku saat ini. Jika terdapat pertentangan dua norma bisa menggunakan Asas Preverensi atau dua asas hukum lainnya yaitu asas lex specialis systematis dan lex Consumen derogate legi Consumte. dalam penyelesaiannya. Indonesia is currently also experiencing serious problems regarding environmental damage and pollution which is increasing day by day. This environmental matter is a big responsibility because it has a relationship with the quality of life in the future. The existence of law enforcement is carried out so that activities to implement various legal provisions, both preventive and enforcement, must include aspects of all activities that are technical and administrative, where this can be carried out by law enforcement and the government following the rules contained in the current Law. If there is a conflict between the two norms, you can use the Principle of Preference or two other legal principles, namely the principle of lex specialis systematis and lex Consumen derogate legi Consumte. in its resolution.
10.47313 PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PERDAGANGAN MINUMAN KERAS JENIS ARAK CIU TANPA IZIN (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN NOMOR 126/PID.SUS/2019/PN.BKS) Sriwati, Sriwati
NATIONAL JOURNAL of LAW Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): Volume 8, Nomor 2, Tahun 2024
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47313/njl.v8i2.3862

Abstract

Minuman beralkohol di izinkan beredar di Indonesia dengan ketentuan-ketentuan yang berlaku, namun masih banyak ditemukan beberapa pelaku usaha yang tidak mengantongi izin namun masih beroperasi dalam praktik menjual minuman beralkohol. Akibat dari adanya pelaku usaha yang menjual minuman keras secara sembarangan tanpa mengantongi izin jual adalah beredarnya minuman oplosan yang membahayakan nyawa. Dalam penegakan hukum yang dilakukan dalam 2 (dua) cara, yaitu preventif dan represif. Adapun tindakan preventif dilakukan jika memungkinkan dan masih adanya kesadaran masyarakat untuk mematuhi hukum. Sedangkan tindakan represif adalah tindakan yang ditempuh apabila tindakan preventif tidak efektif, sehingga masyarakat melaksanakan hukum walaupun dengan terpaksa. Pelaksanaan penegakan hukum dilakukan untuk menegakkan Peraturan Daerah yang ada khususnya mengenai minuman keras. Kurangnya Partisipasi masyarakat dalam menegakkan Peraturan Daerah. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, perlu dilakukan upaya edukasi yang lebih intensif kepada masyarakat tentang dampak negatif minuman keras terhadap kesehatan dan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Dengan meningkatkan kesadaran akan risiko dan konsekuensi dari konsumsi minuman keras, diharapkan akan terjadi penurunan permintaan dan penjualan secara alami. Dan penting untuk dilakukan peningkatan dalam hal keamanan informasi terkait rencana dan pelaksanaan razia melalui pelatihan yang lebih intensif bagi petugas yang terlibat dalam razia, serta penerapan protokol keamanan yang ketat untuk mencegah kebocoran informasi. Alcoholic beverages are allowed to circulate in Indonesia with applicable provisions, but there are still many businesses that do not have a licence but still operate in the practice of selling alcoholic beverages. The result of businesses selling liquor carelessly without a licence is the circulation of oplosan drinks that endanger lives. In law enforcement carried out in 2 (two) ways, namely preventive and repressive. Preventive action is carried out if possible and there is still public awareness to comply with the law. While repressive action is an action taken if preventive action is ineffective, so that the community implements the law even though it is forced. The implementation of law enforcement is carried out to enforce existing Regional Regulations, especially regarding liquor. Lack of community participation in enforcing Regional Regulations. Based on the research conducted, it is necessary to make more intensive educational efforts to the community about the negative impact of alcohol on health and society as a whole. By raising awareness of the risks and consequences of liquor consumption, a natural decline in demand and sales is expected. And it is important to improve information security regarding the planning and execution of raids through more intensive training for officers involved in raids, as well as the implementation of strict security protocols to prevent information leakage.
10.47313 ERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA ANGGOTA POLRI DALAM KASUS PEMERKOSAAN ANAK DIBAWAH UMUR Rahmat Firdaus Libahongi, Firdaus
NATIONAL JOURNAL of LAW Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): Volume 8, Nomor 2, Tahun 2024
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47313/njl.v8i2.3863

Abstract

Kekerasan seksual merupakan semua aktivitas seksual yang melibatkan anak sebelum usia anak diperbolehkan dalam aktivitas seksual. Defenisi kekerasan seksual ini mencakup perbudakan seksual, penyiksaan seksual, penghinaan seksual didepan umum, pelecehan seksual dan perkosaan. Kekerasan seksual terhadap anak merupakan masalah yang sangat serius sehingga berujung pada korban kekerasan seksual yang bisa membuat trauma. analisa data tentang tindak kekerasan seksual terhadap anak di Maluku Utara sepanjang 2022 yang dihimpun dari Simfoni milik Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak (DP3A), telah tercatat sebanyak 122 tindak kekerasan seksual. pada awal tahun 2023 yang dirilis dari SIMFONI PPA, sudah ada 18 kasus dari 21 korban yang tersebar di 5 kabupaten/kota. Halmahera Utara paling tertinggi dalam angka 12 kasus. Kasus kekerasan seksual yang dilakukan oleh oknum polisi yang memperkosa seorang remaja wanita berusia 16 tahun di Mapolsek Jailolo Selatan, Kabupaten Halmahera Barat, Provinsi Maluku Utara. Akibat hukum tindak pidana pemerkosaan dalam bentuk hukuman pokok adalah dipenjara maksimal sembilan tahun dan minimal tiga tahun. Dasar hukumnya terdapat dalam Pasal 278 KUHP karena korbannya adalah anak dibawah umur. Majelis hakim menjatuhkan vonis kepada pelaku pemerkosaan dengan pidana penjara selama 6 tahun dan denda Rp 1 miliar pada sidang tertutup hari rabu tanggal 16 Februari 2022 di Pengadilan Negeri Ternate. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Pertanggungjawaban Pidana, dan Viktimologi. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Sexual violence is any sexual activity involving children before the age when children are allowed to engage in sexual activity. This definition of sexual violence includes sexual slavery, sexual torture, public sexual humiliation, sexual harassment and rape. Sexual violence against children is a very serious problem that can result in victims of sexual violence that can be traumatized. Data analysis on acts of sexual violence against children in North Maluku throughout 2022 collected from the Simfoni owned by the Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Service (DP3A), has recorded 122 acts of sexual violence. In early 2023, released from the SIMFONI PPA, there were 18 cases from 21 victims spread across 5 districts/cities. North Halmahera was the highest with 12 cases. The case of sexual violence committed by a police officer who raped a 16-year-old girl at the South Jailolo Police Station, West Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province. The legal consequences of the crime of rape in the form of a principal sentence are a maximum of nine years in prison and a minimum of three years. The legal basis is in Article 278 of the Criminal Code because the victim is a minor. The panel of judges sentenced the perpetrator of rape to 6 years in prison and a fine of IDR 1 billion in a closed session on Wednesday, February 16, 2022 at the Ternate District Court. The theories used are the theory of Criminal Responsibility and Victimology. The type of research used is using a qualitative method.
10.47313 STATE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS : STATE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS Sulistyowati Sulistyowati; Gusti Bintang Maharaja Gusti Bintang Maharaja; Zidan Fachrisyah Zidan Fachrisyah
NATIONAL JOURNAL of LAW Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Volume 10 Number 1, March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47313/njl.v10i1.4419

Abstract

State Administrative Law in Indonesia faces various fundamental weaknesses in its implementation. The main obstacle is a slow, overlapping, and maladministration- prone bureaucracy. The bureaucratic culture, which is still feudal, resistance to change, and low orientation of public services further worsen the situation. The complexity of regulations and weak law enforcement opens space for abuse of authority and systemic corruption, collusion, and nepotism practices. Conflicts of interest also weaken the legal function of the administration. Minimal public participation has an impact on low accountability in the administration of government. The role of the State Administrative Court as an administrative supervisor is still limited due to jurisdictional constraints and institutional capacity. Reform efforts such as the Job Creation Law and the implementation of the Online Single Submission system have progressed. However, their implementation still faces challenges, including legal uncertainty and protecting citizens' fundamental rights. This research uses a normative approach emphasizing the study of written legal norms and legal doctrines. The analysis is carried out in a deductive and qualitative manner to explore a comprehensive understanding of legal principles and the dynamics of their application. Comprehensive reform is needed through simplifying regulations, strengthening public service culture, increasing institutional capacity, and active community involvement. The ultimate goal is to build a fair, transparent, and accountable state administration system supporting a responsive government in the public interest. Keywords: State Administration, bureaucracy, reform.
10.47313 THE VALIDITY AND LEGAL RECOGNITION OF CONTRACTS MADE BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE UNDER INDONESIAN LAW : THE VALIDITY AND LEGAL RECOGNITION OF CONTRACTS MADE BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE UNDER INDONESIAN LAW Nanda Dwi Rizkia Nanda Dwi Rizkia1; Siti Mastoah Siti Mastoah; Dzul Jalaali Walikrom Dzul Jalaali Walikrom; Angela Kierra Aurelia Angela Kierra Aurelia; Rava Andin Ananta Rava Andin Ananta
NATIONAL JOURNAL of LAW Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Volume 10 Number 1, March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47313/njl.v10i1.4420

Abstract

In the era of globalization, the digital transformation era, the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has enabled computer systems to perform cognitive functions similar to human capabilities, including analyzing, drafting, and even executing contracts autonomously. This technological shift has profoundly influenced the paradigm of contract law in Indonesia, which traditionally adhered to a classical normative approach and now faces the necessity to adapt to digital innovations. This study examines the legal validity and recognition of contracts created by or with the assistance of AI, particularly in reference to Articles 1320 and 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata). Employing a normative juridical method, the study analyzes primary and secondary legal sources and compares selected international regulatory frameworks. The findings reveal that while AI may enhance efficiency in contract formation, its non-human legal status poses challenges regarding legal capacity, intent, and accountability. Thus, there is a pressing need for specific regulations and reinforcement of legal principles, such as legality and accountability, to ensure legal protection and certainty for all parties involved in AI-assisted contracts under Indonesian law. Keywords: contract validity, artificial intelligence, civil law, Indonesian legal system, legality, accountability.
10.47313 Determination of Beneficial Ownership in A Partnership Firm from The Perspective of Joint and Several Liability of Partners : Determination of Beneficial Ownership in A Partnership Firm from The Perspective of Joint and Several Liability of Partners Deva Rita Deva Rita
NATIONAL JOURNAL of LAW Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Volume 10 Number 1, March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47313/njl.v10i1.4421

Abstract

This paper discusses about the legal implications of the obligation to determine the beneficial owner in a partnership firm, within the context of the joint and several liability of partners as regulated in Article 18 of the Indonesian Commercial Code (KUHD). The study is motivated by increasing demands for business transparency in the digital and globalization era, as well as the introduction of new regulations through Presidential Regulation No. 13 of 2018 and Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation No. 15 of 2019. As a non-legal entity business form, a firm is fundamentally based on the principle of joint and unlimited liability among its partners. However, with the mandatory determination of a beneficial owner, there arises a potential disharmony between private law, which governs joint and several liability, and public law, which demands the identification of specific individuals as the ultimate controllers. This study employs a normative juridical approach by examining relevant laws and regulations. The findings indicate that the obligation to identify a beneficial owner has significant legal implications, including clarifying individual accountability within the firm, reinforcing the principle of piercing the corporate veil, and potentially shifting the traditional principle of joint and several liability. Therefore, regulatory harmonization is necessary to avoid normative conflicts and ensure legal certainty in business practices, particularly for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that commonly use the partnership form. Keywords: partnership firm, beneficial owner, joint and several liability, corporate law, transparency
10.47313 A Legal Analysis of the Effectiveness of Indonesian Business Competition Law in Addressing Monopolistic Practices : A Legal Analysis of the Effectiveness of Indonesian Business Competition Law in Addressing Monopolistic Practices Yogi Karnadi Yogi Karnadi
NATIONAL JOURNAL of LAW Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Volume 10 Number 1, March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47313/njl.v10i1.4425

Abstract

As a significant developing nation in Southeast Asia with a vast population, Indonesia's economic stability is paramount to public welfare. However, the acceleration of globalization and technological advancements has intensified market competition, often leading to unfair business practices. Objective: This legal study examines the implementation and effectiveness of Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. Specifically, it seeks to delineate various forms of monopolies, distinguishing between those that are detrimental to the public and those that may contribute positively to national welfare (legal monopolies). Method: This research employs a normative legal method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Results: The findings indicate that the implementation of Law No. 5 of 1999 requires further strengthening through regulatory updates and more rigorous law enforcement to preemptively address complex monopolistic trends. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the law is heavily dependent on enhanced inter-institutional coordination. Improving the supervisory climate is essential to ensuring legal certainty and maintaining a healthy, competitive business environment in Indonesia. Keywords: Legal Certainty, Monopolistic Practices, Unfair Business Competition, Law Enforcement, Indonesia.
10.47313 The Role And Benefits of Legal Anthropology in the National Development of the Indonesian Nation: The Role And Benefits of Legal Anthropology in the National Development of the Indonesian Nation Giyarni Giyarni; Mas Subagyo Eko Prasetyo Mas Subagyo Eko Prasetyo
NATIONAL JOURNAL of LAW Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Volume 10 Number 1, March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47313/njl.v10i1.4426

Abstract

According to the Legal Anthropology approach, law is fundamentally rooted in society. This approach utilizes a model that focuses on micro-processes. A distinctive characteristic of Legal Anthropology is that various legal systems in diverse societies across the world are studied by focusing on micro-processes that empirically occur in people's lives. Therefore, a holistic method in examining legal pluralism in society is highly instrumental in explaining legal mechanisms, procedures, and institutions, as well as the operation of law and its relationship with political, economic, religious, social organization, and ideological aspects. This study discusses the role and benefits of legal anthropology in the development of Indonesian society. The role of legal anthropology in the national development of Indonesia is to explore existing norms and values within society. As the arena of Legal Anthropology focuses on human beings and legal culture, social rules that are not legal in nature are not the primary target of Legal Anthropology research. Keywords: Legal Anthropology, National Development, Indonesian Nation
10.47313 Legal Protection for Consumers Regarding Personal Data in The Event of Illegal Investments to Create Legal Certainty: Legal Protection for Consumers Regarding Personal Data in The Event of Illegal Investments to Create Legal Certainty Cucuk Endratno Cucuk Endratno
NATIONAL JOURNAL of LAW Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Volume 10 Number 1, March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47313/njl.v10i1.4427

Abstract

The rapid development of information technology and digital finance has opened up significant opportunities for the growth of digital-based investments. However, this phenomenon has also led to a surge in illegal investment practices in Indonesia, particularly by non-bank financial institutions operating without a license from the Financial Services Authority. These illegal investments often exploit consumers' personal data without proper consent, thereby threatening consumer rights and security. This study aims to analyze the legal protection framework for consumers in the context of investment, and to evaluate the effectiveness of legal safeguards for personal data as a response to the growing trend of illegal investments, with the goal of establishing legal certainty in Indonesia. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, case-based, and comparative approaches. The data used are secondary data obtained through library research, including legislation, legal doctrines, and other legal literature. The findings show that although the Consumer Protection Act and the Financial Services Authority Act regulate consumer protection, in practice, there remain significant legal loopholes exploited by perpetrators of illegal investments. Weak oversight, suboptimal law enforcement, and low public legal literacy are identified as major challenges. This study offers theoretical contributions to the development of consumer protection law and practical insights for policymakers in formulating stronger regulations and supervision mechanisms to ensure the security of personal data and legal certainty for consumers. Keywords: legal protection, consumers, personal data, illegal investment, Financial Services Authority.

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