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Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Published by PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.
ISSN : 0125913X     EISSN : 25032720     DOI : 10.55175
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran (CDK) is a Medical Journal published since 1974 and affiliated with PT Kalbe Farma Tbk. CDK is intended to help accommodate scientific publications and help increase and disseminate knowledge related to the development of medical science, pharmacy, and public health. CDK covers the disciplines of medicine, pharmacy, and health with several types of articles, namely: 1. Research 2. Literature review 3. Case report 4. Evidence-based case report (EBCR), systematic review 5. Other scientific articles Based on the SK Kemendikbudristek Nomor 152/E/KPT/2023, CDK has obtained Rank 4 (SINTA 4) for Scientific Journals.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 1,371 Documents
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Nutrisi Enteral Jangka Pendek Tinggi Serat, Khusus Diabetes pada Pasien Lanjut Usia dengan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 – Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Simatupang, Yustina Rossa; Wangsa, Andrean; Nareswara, Anastu Regita; Setiyaningrum, Melinda; Putra, Dendy Daffa Anugrah
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 03 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i03.2069

Abstract

Introduction: High-fiber diabetes-specific formulas (DSFs) are designed to support glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly those requiring nutritional support. Despite their potential benefits, evidence regarding their short-term effects on blood glucose levels and insulin requirements remains limited. This case report explores the impact of an oral DSF on glycemic control in an elderly patient with T2DM over a four-day inpatient period. Case: A 70-year-old overweight woman (BMI 24.6 kg/m²) was hospitalized due touncontrolled hyperglycemia (HbA1c 10.6%, fasting glucose 469 mg/dL) with poor oral intake (< 50% of needs) secondary to nausea and vomiting. A standardized DSF was administered orally alongside a diabetic soft diet for 4 days. DSF was introduced at 150 mL three times daily and titrated to 200 mL twice daily, contributing to a total intake of approximately 1,500 kcal/day. Insulin doses (10 IU regular insulin three times a day) remained unchanged. Monitoring included daily fasting glucose and clinical tolerance. Fasting blood glucose decreased from 469 mg/dL on day 1 to 260 mg/dL by day 4. The patient showed improved oral intake (up to 75% of caloric needs) and better appetite without gastrointestinal complaints. No hypoglycemia episodes or insulin dose adjustments were necessary. Discussion: During the four-day observation period, fasting blood glucose decreased progressively from 469 mg/dL to 260 mg/dL without modification of insulin dosage. Oral intake improved to approximately 75% of estimated needs, and no hypoglycemic episodes or gastrointestinal intolerance were observed. The improvement in glycemic trends occurred alongside structured nutritional support and consistent insulin therapy. Conclusion: Short-term administration of a high-fiber DSF improved glycemic trends and nutritional intake in an elderly T2DM patient without adverse effects. DSF can be an effective adjunct in individualized medical nutrition therapy to support glycemic stabilization during hospitalization.
Peran Suplementasi AREDS2 dalam Menurunkan Progresivitas Age-related Macular Degeneration: Tinjauan Pustaka Valencia, Jessica; Pangputri, Floretta Dwinovi
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 03 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i03.2135

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative macular disease that is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly in developed countries. The prevalence of AMD in Asian populations is 6.8% for early-stage AMD and 0.56% for late-stage AMD. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cannot be balanced by the retinal antioxidant system causes structural damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer. This damage results in RPE cell dysfunction, drusen accumulation, and disease progression to advanced stages. Antioxidant supplementation such as the AREDS2 formulation is a therapeutic option that can reduce AMD progression from intermediate to late stages. The AREDS2 formulation consists of lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and copper, which work through various mechanisms to protect the retina from oxidative stress, inhibit inflammation, and restore cellular function. This literature review discusses the role of AREDS2 supplementation in AMD along with the mechanism of action of each component in reducing disease progression and maintaining visual function in elderly patients.
Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Urtikaria Kronik: Tinjauan Pustaka Retno Eka Sari; Raveinal
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 04 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i04.1509

Abstract

Chronic urticaria is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by urticarial skin lesions, angioedema, or both, occurring continuously or sporadically for 6 weeks or more, and may be spontaneous or induced by specific factors. The impact of chronic urticaria significantlyincludes physical discomfort as well as mental health disturbances (particularly anxiety and depression), sexual dysfunction, impaired interpersonal relationships, and limitations in daily activities including work and school. Diagnosis is established based on clinical historyand physical examination, with additional investigations performed in selected cases to exclude secondary causes. Management includes antihistamines as first-line therapy, with treatment escalation based on patient response. This individualized therapeutic approach follows a step-up or step-down principle based on the level of disease control. The treatment target is disease remission, indicated by a sustained urticaria activity score (UAS) of 0, controlled disease with a urticaria control test (UCT) score of 16, and normalization of quality of life. A good understanding of this condition along with proper patient education is essential to help control symptoms and improve overall quality of life.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) untuk Pasien Tuli Mendadak - Laporan Kasus Agustinawati, Kadek Rina; Purwaningsih, Luh Putu Dhena; Wirasatya, Komang Krisna Nugraha
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 04 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i04.1597

Abstract

Introduction: Sudden deafness or sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as sensorineural hearing loss of more than 30 dB at three consecutive frequencies occurring within 3 days. The condition is usually unilateral and often idiopathic. The etiology is still not known. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to improve hearing recovery. Case: A 62-year-old Balinese male presented with sudden decreased hearing for approximately one week accompanied by tinnitus. The patient denied previous history of cough, cold, vomiting, allergies, sinusitis, autoimmune disease, anemia, or other systemic diseases. There was no history of trauma or rhinoplasty. Pure tone audiometry showed severe mixed hearing loss in the right ear and moderate sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear. The patient received combination therapy consisting of methylprednisolone, mecobalamin, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Discussion: HBOT increases oxygen delivery to the inner ear and may enhance cochlear metabolism and microcirculation. Several studies have reported improved outcomes when HBOT therapy is combined with corticosteroid therapy. Conclusion: This case demonstrats that HBOT therapy combined with corticosteroids may provide significant hearing improvement in patients with sudden deafness.
Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Akantosis Nigrikans: Tinjauan Pustaka Sibarani, Benly Levi Andreas; Putri Utami
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 04 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i04.1667

Abstract

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a skin disorder characterized by hyperpigmented, thickened, and velvety lesions, primarily affecting intertriginous areas. This condition is commonly associated with insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, obesity, endocrine disorders, and the use of certain medications, and in some cases may serve as a marker of underlying internal malignancy. Individuals with darker skin are more prone to developing AN. Although it can be present at birth, AN is more commonly observed in adults. This literature review aims to discuss the etiology, pathomechanism, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, and management of acanthosis nigricans, with emphasis on its role as an indicator of underlying systemic disease. Literature was obtained from various relevant scientific sources, including review articles, case reports, and clinical studies. The pathogenesis of AN is primarily associated with hyperinsulinemia, which stimulates keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation through the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway. Diagnosis is generally established clinically, although laboratory and histopathological evaluations may be required in certain cases. Management focuses on treating the underlying condition, such as weight reduction, improvement of insulin resistance, and management of malignancy when present, along with topical or procedural therapies to improve skin lesions and patients’ quality of life.
Dengue Neonatal : Sebuah Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Wijaya, Lisa Amelia; Trisnia, Putu Ayunda; Suarca, I Kadek
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 04 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i04.1833

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal dengue is a rare but potentially lethal infectious disease, infected through maternal vertical transmission during pregnancy or via mosquito bites. Case: A 3-day-old, 3120-gram female neonate was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with fever and jaundice. Her mother was re-admitted for dengue infection 24 hours postpartum. The patient was hemodynamically stable, withno thrombocytopenia, and underwent phototherapy to treat jaundice (total bilirubin 15,7 mg/dL, indirect bilirubin 14,8 mg/dL). Neonatal dengue was diagnosed on the third day of admission since her temperature rose to 38,8oC and the NS1 antigen was reactive. The platelet count dropped from 257,000/mm3 to the lowest count of 15,000/mm3 on the sixth day of admission with the appearance of petechiae on her face, chest, back, and abdomen. No active bleeding was observed. Adequate treatment and close hemodynamic monitoring would lead to better outcomes. Discussion: Neonatal dengue is a rare condition that can occur through vertical transmission from the mother orhorizontal transmission via mosquito vectors, with diagnosis supported by tests such as the NS1 antigen or RT-PCR. Clinical manifestations in newborns vary widely, ranging from mild fever to severe complications such as thrombocytopenia, shock, and liver dysfunction. Conclusion: Neonatal dengue is a potentially lethal infectious disease. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are needed, especially in endemic regions.
Anestesi Regional Blok Subaraknoid untuk Seksio Sesarea Kehamilan Triplet, Ketuban Pecah Dini di Daerah – Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Ruthy, Vilia
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 04 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i04.1850

Abstract

Introduction: Triplet pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy for both mother and baby, the risk of complications increases with the number of fetuses and maternal age. Cesarean section is the recommended for triplet or more. Spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine and an opioid adjuvant is the most popular neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean section and has been used safely in twin, triplet, and quadruplet deliveries. Case: A woman, 34 years old, G5P4A0 gravida preterm triplet result of insemination, and premature rupture of membranes. Weight 70 kg, height 160 cm, Mallampati 2, blood pressure 135/84 mmHg, pulse rate 140 x/minute, temperature 38.80C, SpO2 100% with binasal cannula. The patient underwent cesarean section with subarachnoid block regional anesthesia using hyperbaric bupivacaine and opioid adjuvant. Discussion: This case demonstrates that preterm premature rupture of membranes is a high-risk condition requiring comprehensive management, including the administration of antibiotics and corticosteroids, as well as the selection of an anesthetic technique that is safe for both the mother and the fetus. The use of spinal anesthesia with a combination of bupivacaine, morphine, and fentanyl provides effective analgesia, although vigilance regarding hypotension and opioid side effects remains necessary. Conclusion: Overall, appropriate management resulted in stable maternal outcomes with good neonatal conditions, as evidenced by satisfactory APGAR scores, despite the low birth weight.
Bronkiektasis dan Emfisema pada Pasien Tidak Pernah Merokok dengan Riwayat Infeksi TB - Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Purwaka, Barlaam Bagus; Parikesit, Petra Gusti; Astuti, Merari Panti
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 04 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i04.1855

Abstract

Background: Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by permanent bronchial dilation and is commonly associated with previous respiratory infections. Structural airway damage may persist even after the primary infection has resolved, leading to chronic respiratory symptoms and progressive lung impairment. Tuberculosis (TB) is recognized as one of the major causes of post-infectious bronchiectasis, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of TB. Case: A 66-year-old female with a long history of tuberculosis presented with yellow sputum for two months. Chest CT scan showed fibrotic lines in both lungs, signs of bronchiectasis in the form of tram lines, and pulmonary emphysema. Previous chest x-rays revealed peribronchial and parenchymal infiltrates with a flattened diaphragm and emphysematous lung appearance. Discussion: Bronchiectasis with emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often occurs in the elderly population. A history of TB is a major risk factor for bronchiectasis occurring concurrently with COPD. Chronic inflammation due to TB infection can trigger further parenchymal damage manifesting as bronchiectasis and emphysema. Conclusion: This case report highlights the importance of radiological imaging in evaluating chronic respiratory symptoms in patients with a previous history of TB.
Lanjut Usia dengan Infark Miokard Akut yang Diduga Dicetuskan oleh Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia - Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Hardika, Putu Stephanie Apriliana; Purnami, Ni Ketut Rai
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 04 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i04.1866

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonia can trigger acute cardiovascular events (CVE) in elderly. Risk for subsequent CVE can occur even years after pneumonia. Case: A 75-year-old male was hospitalized with chief complaint of diarrhea. During hospitalization, he complained of black stools, accompanied by cough with white phlegm, fever, and shortness of breath. As he developed into Hospital-Acquired pneumonia (HAP), he was also diagnosed as atypical angina. His electrocardiography (ECG) underwent evolution into ST elevation at lead II, III, and aVF, as well as the increasing cardiac biomarker level. The patient was diagnosed with inferior ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) Killip III, intestinal amoebiasis, melena suspected caused by peptic ulcer dd/ colitis amoebiasis, moderate normochromic normocytic anemia, late onset hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and acute kidney injury (AKI) stage II dd/ prerenal acute on chronic kidney disease (ACKD) caused by suspected chronic pyelonephritis dd/ nephrosclerosis. Discussion: The suspicion of pneumonia as a trigger for STEMI can be seen from the clinical manifestation of infection and the presence of significant increase in leucocytes as a marker of infection. Afterseveral days of treatment He was treated in an intensive cardiac care unit with antiplatelet and anti- angina therapy, the patient’s condition improved. Conclusion: The mechanisms underlying cardiovascular events triggered by pneumonia remain unclear. Adequate therapy playsa crucial role in the management of pneumonia.
Analisis Determinan Sosiodemografi dan Perilaku Terkait Kejadian Servisitis dalam Kehamilan: Tinjauan Sistematik Kencana, Nabila Safhira Titan; Prakoeswa, Flora Ramona Sigit; Pramuningtyas, Ratih; Soekiswati, Siti; Dzikri, Dykall Naf’an
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 04 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i04.1901

Abstract

Introduction: Cervicitis is an inflammation of the cervix that can lead to serious complications during pregnancy. The objective of this article is to identify risk factors associated with the incidence of cervicitis in pregnant women. Methods: Literature review with narrative analysis. Article searches were conducted on the ScienceDirect, Sage, Google Scholar, and Garuda databases using predetermined keywords. A total of 2,009 articles were obtained from the 4 databases. After the screening process based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were obtained for analysis. Results: Analysis of 15 articles showed that the incidence of cervicitis in pregnant women is influenced by several risk factors, including: (1) Demographic characteristics such as age and ethnicity; (2) Behavior and lifestyle including sexual intercourse and smoking patterns; (3) Obstetric and gynecological health history; (4) Socio-economic factors; (5) Living environment; and (6) Personal hygiene. The most consistently reported factors were poor personal hygiene, low socioeconomic status, and risky sexual behavior. Conclusion: Cervicitis in pregnant women is associated with complex and multidimensional risk factors. Identification of these factors is important for developing prevention and early detection strategies, thereby reducing the incidence of cervicitis and preventing serious pregnancy complications.

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