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Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Published by PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.
ISSN : 0125913X     EISSN : 25032720     DOI : 10.55175
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran (CDK) is a Medical Journal published since 1974 and affiliated with PT Kalbe Farma Tbk. CDK is intended to help accommodate scientific publications and help increase and disseminate knowledge related to the development of medical science, pharmacy, and public health. CDK covers the disciplines of medicine, pharmacy, and health with several types of articles, namely: 1. Research 2. Literature review 3. Case report 4. Evidence-based case report (EBCR), systematic review 5. Other scientific articles Based on the SK Kemendikbudristek Nomor 152/E/KPT/2023, CDK has obtained Rank 4 (SINTA 4) for Scientific Journals.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 1,312 Documents
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Syok Anafilaktik akibat Media Kontras Radiologi – Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Juanda, Reno
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 03 (2026): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i03.1382

Abstract

Introduction: Anaphylaxis is an acute, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction characterized by rapid onset and multisystem involvement, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, and mucocutaneous systems. Iodinated radiologic contrast media is recognized as one of the triggers of anaphylactic reactions, although the incidence is relatively low. Case: A 51 year-old male who developed anaphylactic shock after undergoing a contrast-enhanced CT scan using iohexol. One hour after the procedure, the patient experienced weakness, dyspnea, generalized rash, decreased consciousness, hypotension, oxygen desaturation, palpebral and facial edema, and cold extremities. The diagnosis was established based on clinical findings and standard diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis. The patient’s condition improved after administration of intramuscular epinephrine (1:1000) at a dose of 0.5 mg as first-line therapy, followed by intravenous fluids, oxygen,diphenhydramine, nebulized bronchodilators, and dexamethasone. The patient was subsequently admitted to the intensive care unit for monitoring. Discussion: Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute, and potentially fatal allergic reaction resulting from the massive release of mediators from mast cells, leading to multisystem involvement. The diagnosis was established according to established criteria. Prompt management was initiated, and clinical improvement was observed following standard guideline-based therapy. Conclusion: Early recognition and rapid administration of epinephrine are key to the successful management of contrast media-induced anaphylactic shock.
Glaukoma Kongenital Primer: Tinjauan Pustaka Safira, Maya; Gusti, Naufal
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 03 (2026): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i03.1576

Abstract

Primary congenital glaucoma is a form of glaucoma caused by abnormal development of the anterior chamber angle, particularly the trabecular meshwork, which obstructs aqueous humor outflow and leads to increased intraocular pressure. This condition is one of the leading causes of blindness in children and has long-term consequences on visual development and overall quality of life. More than 75% of primary congenital glaucoma cases are diagnosed within the first 12 months after birth; in more severe cases, the disease may already be detected at birth. Persistent elevation of intraocular pressure that is not promptly treated can result in permanent optic nerve damage, globe enlargement (buphthalmos), corneal edema and opacity, and progressive visual field defects. Diagnosis is generally established based on characteristic clinical features such as epiphora, photophobia, and blepharospasm, supported by comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment approach, aiming to reduce intraocular pressure and prevent further complications. Early detection and timely management are essential to preserve visual function and prevent permanent visual impairment in affected children.
Tata Laksana Vaskulitis Kulit: Tinjauan Pustaka Devina, Wilona; Saraswati, Putu Dyah Ayu
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 03 (2026): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i03.1591

Abstract

Cutaneous vasculitis represents a heterogeneous group of inflammatory disorders characterized by inflammation of the cutaneous blood vessel walls and surrounding perivascular tissue, with highly variable clinical manifestations depending on the size and anatomical location of the affected vessels. This condition may present as a disease limited to the skin or as part of a systemic disorder. Epidemiologically, cutaneous vasculitis can occur at all ages but is more frequently observed in adults, whereas in children it is generally self-limiting, with IgA vasculitis being the most common subtype. The etiology of cutaneous vasculitis is predominantly idiopathic; however, infections, medications, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies may also contribute. The pathogenesis involves immune complex deposition and mechanisms mediated by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), leading to endothelial injury and vascular inflammation. The main clinical manifestation is palpable purpura, typically distributed symmetrically on the lower extremities, accompanied by various additional skin lesions such as papules, nodules, vesicles, and ulcers. Diagnosis is established through skin biopsy, which remains the gold standard, including histopathological examination and direct immunofluorescence. Most cases are mild and resolve spontaneously; however, systemic therapy is required in severe, chronic, or recurrent conditions. Overall, the prognosis of cutaneous vasculitis is favorable, with a low risk of progression to systemic vasculitis when appropriate diagnosis and management are implemented.
Hubungan Gejala Menopause dan Insomnia pada Pra-lansia: Penelitian Ekowati, Ana Lucia; Verena, Geneta; Tjhay, Francisca; Joprang, Freggy Spicano
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 03 (2026): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i03.1710

Abstract

Introduction: Menopause causes somatic, psychological, and urogenital symptoms as risk factors for insomnia. This study aims to determine the relationship between menopause symptoms and insomnia in the pre-elderly. Methods: Descriptive analytical study using a cross-sectional method. The variables in this study were menopause symptoms and the severity of insomnia as measured by the MRS and ISI questionnaire. The sample consisted of 107 pre-elderly menopausal women at a church in South Tangerang, using the convenience sampling method. Data analysis included univariate analysis (descriptive statistics) to examine sample characteristics and bivariate analysis with the Kruskal-Wallis test to examine the relationship between menopausal symptoms and the severity of insomnia. Results: A significant relationship between menopause symptoms and the severity of insomnia (p < 0.05). Based on each insomnia severity, the highest mean rank of respondents who experienced moderate clinical insomnia had somatic symptoms (90.44), the highest mean rank of respondents who experienced subthreshold insomnia had psychological symptoms (75.59), and the highest mean rank of respondents who did not experience insomnia had urogenital symptoms (42.91). Conclusion: Menopause symptoms are significantly related to the severity of insomnia in pre-elderly individuals.
Wanita Dewasa Muda dengan Gagal Jantung, Pneumonia, dan Hipoksemia: Komplikasi Obesitas Morbid – Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Kristianus, David; Ngantung, Robert Noldy; Sutanto, Hari
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 03 (2026): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i03.1776

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure is a clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional abnormalities of the heart that cause cardinal symptoms and signs of heart failure. One of the contributing factors to increased incidence of heart failure among young people is obesity. Obesity also increases the risk of impaired lung function and other organs. Case: A 25-year-old female with shortness of breath since 1 day. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) was 80% in room air. Her body mass index was 52 kg/m2. Chest radiology showed cardiomegaly with pulmonary infiltrates and edema. Echocardiography revealed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 79.8% and mild left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Discussion: Diagnosis was heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) 79.8% and pneumonia. Treatment with furosemide and antibiotics relieved the shortness of breath, congestion, and pulmonary infiltrates, yet the patient continued to experience hypoxemia in room air. Chest physiotherapy and breathing exercises were applied to improve the impaired lung function due to obesity. Conclusion: Obesity is a risk factor for heart failure in young adult population. Maintaining ideal body weight is important to prevent obesity and its complications.
Necrotizing Pneumonia: Komplikasi Langka dari Pneumonia pada Anak yang Menggunakan Rokok Vape - Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Simanjuntak, Arya Marganda; Nasution, Riza Iriani; Ridar, Elmi; Cesilia, Citra; Candra, Riky
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 03 (2026): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i03.1790

Abstract

Introduction: Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is a severe complication of pneumonia characterized by lung parenchymal destruction, cavitation, and significant morbidity in children. It is commonly associated with virulent bacterial infections and inadequate response to initial antibiotic therapy. Certain risk factors, including exposure to cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes (vaping), may influence immune defense mechanisms and contribute to disease severity. Case: A 15-year-old boy presented to the emergency room with shortness of breath, persistent fever, productive cough, and bloody sputum for 2 weeks. He had no history of TB contact but had used vape and smoke cigarettes regularly during the past year. Physical examination revealed tachypnea and rhonchi on auscultation. Chest radiography demonstratedextensive consolidation, and thoracic CT scan showed cavitary lesions consistent with necrotizing pneumonia. GeneXpert sputum testing was negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The diagnosis was necrotizing pneumonia (NP). Broad-spectrum antibiotics and supportive management were administered. Discussion: Early recognition of NP in children is essential to prevent complications and prolonged hospitalization. Inhalational exposures such as vaping may compromise pulmonary defense and potentially exacerbate infectious processes.Conclusion: Necrotizing pneumonia should be suspected in children with severe pneumonia unresponsive to initial therapy. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management are critical to improving clinical outcomes. Vaping is likely to play a role in this rare complication because its chemicals can damage the pulmonary defense, making it susceptible to and potentially worsening infection. Future research and awareness towards vape health effects should be enhanced to suppress the use, especially in children.
Analisis Pola Bakteri dan Faktor Risiko Bakteremia pada Unit Perawatan Intensif Dewasa di Rumah Sakit Umum Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten, Indonesia: Penelitian Imma Irfani, Qonita
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 03 (2026): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i03.1814

Abstract

Introduction: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are life-threatening and pose an increased risk of mortality, particularly in intensive care patients. This study aims to delineate the bacterial patterns and analyze the risk factors associated with bacteremia among patients in the adultintensive care unit at Soeradji Tirtonegoro Hospital. Methods: This study used a descriptive-analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of all adult ICU patients at Soeradji Tirtonegoro Hospital with positive blood cultures during the treatment period from October 1, 2019, to August 31, 2022. Analysis of risk factors associated with bacteremia was performed using Fisher's exact test. Results: Analysis shows a significant association between the accumulation of 3 or more risk factors and the bacterial patterns found in patients with bacteremia. Data from 52 patients were selected for analysis, comprising 21 females and 31 males. The risk factors associated with bacteremia included installation of hemodialysis catheters, water-sealed drainage (WSD), ventilator use, a history of diabetes, and previous surgery. Several patients had more than one risk factor associated with bacteremia. Blood culture results revealed that 30 out of 52 cases (57.7%) were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, while 22 out of 52 cases (42.3%) were caused by Gram-positive bacteria. The analysis identified two cases of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR CoNS), but no methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) or carbapenemase-producing bacteria were found. Conclusion: This study identified bacterial patterns and analyzed risk factors associated with bacteremia in adult intensive care units. There was a significant association between the number of accumulated risk factors and specific bacterial pathogens in patients with bacteremia.
Perbaikan Status Zat Besi oleh Suplementasi Teh Hijau pada Talasemia Tergantung-Transfusi: Tinjauan Sistematik dan Meta-Analisis: Tinjauan Sistematik Susanto, Wiliam Prayogo; Karim, Cecy Rahma
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 03 (2026): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i03.1822

Abstract

Introduction: Iron overload significantly contributes to organ dysfunction in transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients. Green tea extract (GTE), rich in polyphenols with iron-chelating properties, has shown promise in reducing iron levels in these patients, although its effectiveness remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the impact of GTE on iron status in TDT patients. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted up to July 2024, identifying randomized clinical trials (RCTs) based on predefined criteria. Iron status was assessed through serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), serum iron, and transferrin saturation. Five RCTs involving 217 participants were included. Results: There has been a significant reduction in serum ferritin in the GTE group compared to controls (mean difference MD -0.55, 95% CI: -0.81, -0.29) and a similar reduction in serum iron (MD -63.73, 95% CI: -106.46, -21.00). Significantly higher TIBC and lower transferrin saturation were also observed in the GTE group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that GTE supplementation lowers serum ferritin and serum iron in TDT patients. Further research with larger cohorts is needed to better understand the effects on diverse populations.
Myiasis Telinga pada Lansia – Sebuah Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Febriani, Ridha Patria; Ruspita, Dian Ayu; Halleyantoro, Ryan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 03 (2026): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i03.1890

Abstract

Introduction: Aural myiasis is a rare parasitic infestation in the external ear canal caused by fly larvae. It is commonly observed in tropical and subtropical regions, with risk factors including poor hygiene, chronic illnesses, and occupational exposure to environments infested with flies. Case: A 72-year-old male from a rural village presented with complaints of severe pain in his right ear, accompanied by bloody discharge, and a sensation of movement in the ear canal. Multiple removal procedures were finally succeeded in extracting all infesting larvae. The patient was treated with antibiotics, analgesics, and antiseptic irrigation. Discussion: Aural myiasis poses a health risk, especially in geriatric and rural populations. Delayed treatment can lead to extensive tissue damage and secondary infections. Conclusion: Diagnosis is made by identifying dipteran larvae in infested body parts. Comprehensive management involves mechanical removal, pharmacological treatment,and preventive education. Increased awareness among healthcare providers is essential to reduce morbidity associated with aural myiasis.
Efek Suplementasi Vitamin D pada Kadar Hemoglobin Pasien Hemodialisis: Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti: Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti Winarsa, Jessica; Sunardi, Diana
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 03 (2026): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i03.2016

Abstract

Introduction: Anemia is a common complication of end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Vitamin D, a micronutrient with receptors in various cell types, plays a role in enhancing erythropoiesis by promoting the proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells, reducing proinflammatory cytokines and hepcidin, thereby increasing iron bioavailability for hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis. This study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on Hb levels in chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across 4 databases: PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were studies on adult patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis with anemia and with any vitamin D status, published within the last 5 years, and consisting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR-MA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or RCTs. Critical appraisal was performed using the validity, importance, and applicability (VIA) framework from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM). Results: Two RCTs and one SR-MA were critically appraised. Vitamin D supplementation was found to improve Hb levels in chronic hemodialysis patients, with statistically significant effects observed in longer supplementation durations. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation in chronic hemodialysis patients has shown promising results in improving Hb levels. Further research is required to determine the optimal type, dosage,and duration of vitamin D supplementation.

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