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Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Published by PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.
ISSN : 0125913X     EISSN : 25032720     DOI : 10.55175
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran (CDK) is a Medical Journal published since 1974 and affiliated with PT Kalbe Farma Tbk. CDK is intended to help accommodate scientific publications and help increase and disseminate knowledge related to the development of medical science, pharmacy, and public health. CDK covers the disciplines of medicine, pharmacy, and health with several types of articles, namely: 1. Research 2. Literature review 3. Case report 4. Evidence-based case report (EBCR), systematic review 5. Other scientific articles Based on the SK Kemendikbudristek Nomor 152/E/KPT/2023, CDK has obtained Rank 4 (SINTA 4) for Scientific Journals.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 1,312 Documents
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Hubungan Stres dengan Kejadian Burnout pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Ahmad Dahlan: Penelitian Shifa, Siti Ma'rifatus; Desvita, Widea Rossi; Qomariyah, Nurul
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 02 (2026): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i02.1551

Abstract

Background: Burnout can occur in individuals exposed to intense and prolonged repetitive stress. The various activities of medical students require a change in learning style from high school to college, which has the potential to cause stress. This study aims to determine the relationship between stress and burnout among students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Methods: The research was conducted quantitatively with a cross-sectional design. The sample was 60 students in the 3rd, 5th, and 7th semesters chosen with a with random stratified sampling technique. Results: Most of the students (80.0%) had moderate stress levels and most of the burnout levels were low (45.0%). Bivariate analysis obtained p value < 0.001 and r value = 0.641 (r > 0). In addition, an R-squared of 0.411 was obtained, which shows that the stress level makes a statistical contribution of 41.1% to the variation in burnout, and the remaining 58.9% could be influenced by other factors. Conclusion: There was a significant positive relationship between stress and burnout among students of the Faculty Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.
Infark Miokard pada Pasien dengan Infeksi HIV: Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Sakina, Adriani; Rahmah, Fitri
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 02 (2026): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i02.1554

Abstract

Introduction: The association of myocardial infarction and HIV infection is influenced by many risk factors, either the specific risk factors of cardiovascular and metabolic disease, or HIV-related risk factors related to the immunologic process and the effects of antiretrovirals (ARV). Case: A 43-year-old man on ARV therapy presented with chest pain as heaviness under the left breastbone and referred to the shoulder to the back for 24 hours. The ECG showed ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. The patient underwent intensive cardiac care and receivedaspirin therapy with a loading dose of 160 mg, followed by a maintenance dose of 80 mg daily, clopidogrel therapy with a loading dose of 300 mg, followed by a maintenance dose of 75 mg daily, and intravenous anticoagulant enoxaparin injection therapy, 75 mg twice daily. Thepatient also finally stopped smoking. Discussion: Myocardial infarction in people with HIV is a multifactorial condition influenced by various risk factors, chronic inflammation associated with HIV, endothelial dysfunction, and the effects of certain ARV therapies. The combination of tenofovir-based ARVs and efavirenz has not been shown to increase the risk of myocardial infarction and even has a protective effect on lipid profiles. Conclusion: In general, management of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected patients did not differ from that of general population;one important issue being the drug interaction of ARV with antiplatelet agents and statins. The prognosis of HIV-infected patients who had myocardial infarction did not differ from that of those without. However, acute myocardial infarction recurrence in the HIV-infected population is higher than general population.
Pneumotoraks Bilateral Spontan sebagai Manifestasi COVID-19: Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Sigarlaki, Edgar David; Bunawan, Nur Chandra; Amalia, Nasya; Harlivasari, Annisa Dian; Kenya, Cathleen; Vanto, Yoni; Nugroho, Hardijatmo Muljo
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 02 (2026): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i02.1647

Abstract

Introduction: Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs when part of the lung collapses and air accumulates in the pleural space. The cause of spontaneous pneumothorax is unclear, but this condition may increase the risk of death, particularly if it progresses to tension pneumothorax.COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease and may present with various pulmonary manifestations, including rare and severe complications. Case: A 48-year-old woman presented with dyspnea, fever, cough, nausea, and fatigue. Initial rapid antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 wasnegative. Chest radiograph demonstrated an avascular area in the right lateral hemithorax with medial lung collapse, consistent with right spontaneous pneumothorax. Oxygen therapy and chest tube insertion were performed. Follow up chest x-ray showed resolution of the rightpneumothorax, however, a new pneumothorax developed on the left side. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab testing for SARS-CoV-2 was reported positive a few days later, after the patient had died. Discussion: The occurrence of bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraxin this patient suggests lung involvement related to COVID-19 infection. Recognition of atypical pulmonary manifestations is essential, particularly when initial screening tests are negative. Conclusion: COVID-19 can manifest as spontaneous pneumothorax, including bilateral involvement. Early recognition is important to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Implikasi Klinis Axis Usus-Paru dalam Kemoterapi Sistemik untuk Kanker Paru-paru: Tinjauan Pustaka Agatha, Indry; Kurnia, Widiya Hari; Machfud, Mirna Nastiti Louqi; Pangestika, Stella; Hidayatullah, Candra Muhammad Yusuf; Simanjuntak, Arya Marganda
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 02 (2026): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i02.1699

Abstract

Lung cancer incidence continues to increase globally, with an estimated mortality rate of 18% worldwide. Current management strategies focus on early screening, early treatment, and palliative care. However, more fundamental approaches are needed to improve treatment outcomes. The gut-lung axis has emerged as an important factor in lung cancer pathophysiology, as it plays a role in pulmonary immune defense and is influenced by changes in gut and lung microbiota. Alterations in microbial composition have been observed in lung cancer patients and may contribute to disease progression. Systemic chemotherapy, while targeting cancer cells, also exerts systemic effects that may disrupt gut and lung microbiota, leading to dysbiosis. These changes may influence treatment response, immune modulation, and clinical outcomes in lung cancer patients. This narrative review explores the role of the gut-lung axis in lung cancer and examines the impact of systemic chemotherapy on gut and lung microbiota. Understanding the interaction between chemotherapy and the gut-lung axis may provide insight into potential adjuvant strategies to improve treatment effectiveness and patient quality of life.
Perdarahan Limpa Tertunda: Tinjauan Pustaka Luvianto, Juven; Periadijaya, I Wayan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 02 (2026): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i02.1711

Abstract

Delayed spleen hemorrhage (DSH) is defined as rupture or hemorrhage of the spleen occurring 48 hours or more after blunt trauma. Although relatively uncommon, DSH is associated with a higher mortality rate compared to acute splenic injury. The interval between the initial traumaand the onset of DSH may range from several days to weeks or even months, and it may also occur following minor trauma. The spleen is a highly vascular organ, making splenic injury a potentially life-threatening condition due to the risk of intra-abdominal hemorrhage. DSH can develop in patients who were previously hemodynamically stable and had no radiological evidence of splenic injury on initial imaging. Diagnosis is often challenging because clinical manifestations may be nonspecific and long time interval since the trauma. Imaging studies, particularly computed tomography, play a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis and assessing the severity of splenic injury. Management of DSH depends on the patient’s hemodynamic status and the grade of the splenic injury, and may include non-operative management, embolization, or surgical intervention. Early recognition is essential to improving clinical awareness, accelerating diagnosis, and reducing morbidity and mortality risks.
Esophagogastrostomi dengan Stapler Linear Murny Rauf pada Achalasia Tipe III – Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Djunaedi, Angela; Nitbani, Alders Alen Kusa; Marino, Widhitomo
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 02 (2026): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i02.1722

Abstract

Introduction: Feeding difficulty is one of the main complaints of patients with achalasia. Achalasia is still considered a rare disorder with unknown etiology. The main goal of the treatment is to increase the patient’s quality of life and treat dysphagia to improve food intake.A successful esophagogastrostomy Murny Rauf procedure for achalasia treatment in a limited-resource hospital is presented. Case: A 47-year-old woman was diagnosed with type III achalasia (Eckardt’s score: 12) and severe malnutrition. The esophagogastrostomy with the Murny Rauf procedure was conducted to increase food intake. The patient gained weight due to improved feeding several weeks after the surgery. Discussion: Diagnosis of achalasia is made by clinical symptoms and confirmed by a diagnostic procedure. In this case, nonsurgical medications were not considered due to the uncertainty of the benefit and difficulties of routine visits due to the far distance of the patient’s residence to the hospital which may incur additional transportation costs. Conclusion: The esophagogastrostomy Murny Rauf procedure provides advantages in treating achalasia. This procedure gave a new insight into developing an efficient procedure for achalasia in rural areas.
Onychomadesis sebagai Komplikasi Langka pada Penyakit Tangan, Kaki, dan Mulut: Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Suwarni, Riana; Nuryanto, Anjar
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 02 (2026): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i02.1731

Abstract

Introduction: Onychomadesis is a rare nail disorder characterized by the separation of the nail plate from the nail matrix, which may result in nail shedding. It has been reported as a late complication of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), a common viral infection in childrenthat is usually self-limited but may present with various complications. Case: A 4-year-old boy had developed whitish transverse lines on his fingernails and toenails, followed by separation of the nail from the nail matrix. Two months prior to the nail changes, the patient experiencedfever accompanied by papulovesicular rashes around the mouth, hands, and feet, as well as aphthous lesions in the oral cavity consistent with HFMD infection. At the time of the nail involvement, there was no pain, inflammation, or signs of secondary infection. Discussion: Based on the clinical history and physical findings, a diagnosis of onychomadesis as a late complication of HFMD was established. Onychomadesis is known to occur weeks to months after HFMD and is generally self-limited without the need for specific therapy. Conclusion: Onychomadesismay occur as a late complication of HFMD in children. The condition is benign, does not require special treatment, and is expected to resolve completely within 6 weeks.
Menjelajahi Efektivitas Minyak Zaitun dalam Mencegah Luka Tekanan: Sebuah Ulasan Sistematis: Tinjauan Sistematik Wijaya, Lorettha; Isabella, Maria Victoria; Yolanda, Rennie; Soeselo, Daniel Ardian; -, William; Cahyadi, Alius
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 02 (2026): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i02.1755

Abstract

Introduction: Pressure ulcers frequently occur in bedridden patients as a result of immobility and friction, causing delays in recovery and leading to complications. Natural skin care, including olive oil, have shown promising results in preventing ulcers. This paper aims to assessthe efficacy of olive oil in reducing the risk factors associated with pressure ulcers and preventing their occurrence in bedridden patients. Methods: A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines, examining studies from 2012 to 2025. All studies measuring the effect of oliveoil in preventing pressure ulcers in bedridden patients and calculating the risk using the Braden Scale Score were included. The RoB 2 and ROBINS-I quality assessment tools assessed the risk of bias. Results: Ten studies with a low risk of bias, comprising 662 participants, were included. Nine studies showed a preventive effect of pressure ulcers, while one study showed that pressure ulcers were still developing despite olive oil application. Conclusion: Olive oil is beneficial in reducing pressure ulcer risk factors and preventing pressure ulcers in bedridden patients.
Pengaruh Suplemen Omega-3 terhadap Marker Peradangan pada Pasien Kanker Kolorektal: Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti: Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti Octavia M, Vanessa Aryani; Andayani, Diyah Eka
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 02 (2026): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i02.2038

Abstract

Introduction: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects that may help reduce inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) andC-reactive protein (CRP) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from May to June 2025. Included studies were meta-analyses or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating omega-3 supplementation in adult CRC patients, with inflammatory markers as primary outcomes. Critical assessment tools and levels of evidence of the final articles are based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Results: Three meta-analyses were reviewed. Omega-3 supplementation was given orally (660 mg–4.8 g/day) or parenterally (0.1–0.2 g/kg/day) for 5 to 84 days. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly reduced in most studies. CRP showed modest and inconsistent improvement, whilealbumin slightly increased. High heterogeneity in dose, timing, and administration routes limited the strength of interpretation. Conclusion: Omega-3 supplementation appears to reduce systemic inflammation in CRC patients, particularly through IL-6 suppression. Although the effect on CRP is inconsistent and albumin improvement is mild, these findings suggest a potential benefit in inflammatory and nutritional status. Further standardized and high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm clinical utility and optimal dosing strategies.
Optimalisasi Ritme Sirkadian Melalui Aktivitas Fisik sebagai Strategi Anti-Penuaan: Tinjauan Pustaka I Gusti Ayu, Nitya Indira; I Dewa Ayu, Inten Dwi Primayanti
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 02 (2026): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i02.2040

Abstract

Penuaan merupakan proses biologis multifaktorial yang kompleks, ditandai oleh penurunan fungsi fisiologis dan meningkatnya kerentanan terhadap berbagai penyakit kronis. Proses ini berinteraksi secara erat dengan disfungsi ritme sirkadian, yaitu sistem pengaturan biologisendogen 24 jam yang berperan penting dalam menjaga homeostasis melalui regulasi metabolisme, fungsi imun, serta siklus tidur-bangun. Disregulasi ritme sirkadian tidak hanya menyertai proses penuaan, tetapi juga dapat mempercepat terjadinya perubahan degeneratif dan meningkatkan risiko berbagai penyakit kronis. Aktivitas fisik diakui sebagai zeitgeber non-fotik yang kuat, mampu memodulasi dan memperkuat ritme sirkadian sentral ataupun perifer. Mekanisme yang terlibat meliputi regulasi ekspresi gen jam, modulasi suhu inti tubuh, perubahan kadar hormon, serta pengaruh terhadap jalur metabolik dan sensor energi seluler. Tinjauan pustaka ini membahas hubungan antara ritme sirkadian, aktivitas fisik, dan proses penuaan, serta menelaah bagaimana optimalisasi ritme sirkadian melalui aktivitas fisik yang terencana dapat berkontribusi sebagai strategi anti-penuaan progresif. Pendekatan ini berpotensi mendukung peningkatan healthspan dan mempertahankan fungsi fisiologi seiring bertambahnya usia.

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