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Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Published by PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.
ISSN : 0125913X     EISSN : 25032720     DOI : 10.55175
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran (CDK) is a Medical Journal published since 1974 and affiliated with PT Kalbe Farma Tbk. CDK is intended to help accommodate scientific publications and help increase and disseminate knowledge related to the development of medical science, pharmacy, and public health. CDK covers the disciplines of medicine, pharmacy, and health with several types of articles, namely: 1. Research 2. Literature review 3. Case report 4. Evidence-based case report (EBCR), systematic review 5. Other scientific articles Based on the SK Kemendikbudristek Nomor 152/E/KPT/2023, CDK has obtained Rank 4 (SINTA 4) for Scientific Journals.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 1,371 Documents
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Implementasi Program Greeting melalui Model The 4 Disciplines of Execution (4DX) di Rumah Sakit Umum Abdhi Famili, Indonesia: Penelitian Arlan Kurnia, Jodii
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 04 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i04.1907

Abstract

Introduction: One important factor influencing patient satisfaction is the culture of staff friendliness, so an effective execution strategy is necessary to drive service transformation in hospitals. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Greeting Program using the 4 Disciplines of Execution (4DX) model at RSU Abdhi Famili and its impact on patient satisfaction. Methods: A mixed-methods approach with a sequential exploratory design, integrating both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. In the qualitative phase, the transformation process toward a culture of hospitality was described through four key disciplines: establishing Wildly Important Goals (WIGs), executing lead measures, displaying performance scoreboards, and maintaining a rhythm of accountability. The quantitative phase studied the relationship between the implementation of the Greeting Program and patient satisfaction with a cross-sectional design, using a questionnaire instrument on 80 inpatients, and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: In the qualitative phase, all four disciplines were executed, with final achievement rates in the medical service area: the Polyclinics, Inpatients, and Emergency Department Units each reached 100%, and the Perinatology and Maternity Units each achieved 80%. Medical Support area, Nutrition, and Radiology Units reached 100%, whereas the Admission, Laboratory, and Pharmacy Units attained 89%, 88%, and 75%, respectively. In the quantitative phase, Chi-square analysis indicateda significant association between the implementation of the Greeting Program and patient satisfaction levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings confirm that the execution strategy implemented through the 4DX model effectively improves service quality and has a positiveimpact on patient satisfaction with health services at RSU Abdhi Famili.
Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Aplikasi e-PPGBM untuk Entri Data Gizi di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Indonesia: Hasil Penelitian Tanesab, Delto Loisandro; Ully, Yuniar Dumaria
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 04 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i04.1962

Abstract

Introduction: Management of stunting problems in South Central Timor Regency needs effective health information system, particularly the Electronic-Community-Based Nutrition Recording and Reporting (e-PPGBM) application. This study aims to describe patterns of data entry delays and identify factors that are believed to contribute to data entry delays. Methods: Secondary data analysis based on reports from the South Central Timor Regency Health Office, supplemented with online interviews through the Zoom platform to explore the reasons behind data entry delays. Results: Among the 37 primary health centers, 27 recorded data for the IKG indicator in January, 11 in February, and none in March. For the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) indicator, 23 centers entered data in January, 5 in February, and nonein March. The delays were mainly attributed to limited human resources, lack of supervision, and technical difficulties in using the application. Conclusion: Increased supervision, adequate equipment, and continuous assistance from the Health Office are needed to improve the accuracy of data entry. Regular evaluation is expected to improve the effectiveness of e-PPGBM in supporting nutrition interventions in South Central Timor District.
Karakteristik Pasien Luka Bakar di Rumah Sakit Ibnu Sina, Gresik, Indonesia – 2022–2024: Sebuah Studi Deskriptif Observasional Retrospektif: Penelitian Rahman, Akhmad Setyo; Harijanto, Taufan; Marsetio, Dono; Negara, Agung Kusuma; Fadhilah, Nur Lailatul
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 04 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i04.2032

Abstract

Introduction: Burns are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries with limitations in healthcare systems. This study describes clinical characteristics of burn patients at Ibnu Sina Regional Public Hospital, Gresik Regency, during the2022−2024 period. Methods: A retrospective observational descriptive study on secondary data from medical records of burn patients admitted through the Emergency Department (ED) within the first 24 hours following injury. Results: Out of a total of 64 patients, the majoritywere male and within the productive age group (16−35 years). Most worked as entrepreneurs or factory workers. The most frequent causes of burns were flame exposure and gas explosions, mostly involving 20%−39% of the total body surface area (TBSA). Patients with inhalationtrauma and comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus or smoking habits, experienced longer hospital stays. Conclusion: Most moderate-tosevere burn injuries in this study occurred among factory workers and entrepreneurs as a result of open flame and gas explosions, indicatingthe need to strengthen occupational safety and burn prevention efforts in the workplace.
Peran Lutein dan Zeaxanthin dalam Formulasi AREDS 2: Mekanisme Protektif dan Implementasi Klinis pada Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Tinjauan Pustaka Endy Juli Anto; Rusli, Kenvin
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 04 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i04.2134

Abstract

Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids that serve as key components in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS 2) formulation, replacing beta-carotene from the original formulation due to safety concerns. These carotenoids exhibit dual protective mechanisms as blue light filters and antioxidants within the macula. This literature review aims to analyze the specific roles of lutein and zeaxanthin in AREDS 2, their molecular protective mechanisms, and their optimal clinical implementation in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar using the keywords "lutein", "zeaxanthin", "AREDS 2","macular pigment", and "photoprotection". Lutein and zeaxanthin selectively accumulate in the macula, forming macular pigment optical density (MPOD), which functions as blue light filter (400–500 nm) and free radical scavenger. Supplementation with lutein 10 mg and zeaxanthin 2 mg in AREDS 2 has been proven to increase MPOD and reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression by 10%–26%. Clinical implementation requires baseline MPOD evaluation, individualized response monitoring, and dose optimization based on nutritional status and patient-specific risk factors.
Karsinoma Endometrium pada Seorang Pasien dengan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2: Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Teron, Thomas Aquinas Ehe; Nugraha, Ida Bagus Aditya; Gotera, Wira; Daniella, Dian; Riandika, Gede Vendi Cahyad
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 05 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i05.1007

Abstract

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is often associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia. Case: A 71-year-old woman with a history of T2DM, hypertension, and obesity (body mass index/BMI 32.08 kg/m²) presented with intermittent abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She had undergone a curettage procedure two weeks earlier. Ultrasound examination revealed a hyperechoic mass in the uterine corpus, and histopathological examination following staging laparotomy confirmed type 2 endometrial carcinoma (high-grade serous carcinoma) with omental metastasis. The diagnosis was stage IVB endometrial carcinoma. During hospitalization, the patient received intravenous ceftriaxone, insulin glargine, and oral antihypertensive medications (ramipril and nifedipine). She was scheduled to receive systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel, the standard regimen for advanced-stage, aggressive non-endometrioid endometrial cancer. Discussion: Diabetes mellitus, particularly when accompanied by chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia, is associated with an increased risk of various cancers, including endometrial cancer, as well as a poorer prognosis. Factors such as obesity, age, estrogen exposure, and insulin therapy may exacerbate this risk, while biomarkers such as IGF-2 and IGFBP-3 have the potential to be used for early detection and risk assessment of endometrial cancer. Conclusion: This case highlights the strong link between T2DM, obesity, and aggressive endometrial cancer, emphasizing the importance of early detection and comprehensive management in patients with metabolic risk factors.
Penatalaksanaan Status Epileptikus dengan Infeksi Sistem Saraf Pusat di Unit Perawatan Intensif: Laporan Kasus: Laporan Kasus Akhsaniati, Novi Dwi; Adiyanto, Bowo
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 05 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i05.1548

Abstract

Introduction: Status epilepticus (SE) is a critical neurological emergency characterized by prolonged seizure activity that poses significant neurological risks and death, requiring immediate and effective management to prevent morbidity and mortality. SE can result from a variety of causes, including primary neurological disorders, metabolic disturbances, and iatrogenic factors. In the ICU, drug toxicity and electrolyte imbalances are common triggers, accounting for over 30%−35% of seizures. Understanding the underlying causes, such as central nervous system infections or autoimmune encephalitis, is crucial for targeted treatment and improving patient outcomes. Case: A 21-yearold male with SE complicated by a central nervous system (CNS) infection was managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). Seizure control was achieved using continuous infusions of midazolam and phenytoin. The treatment strategy also included supportive care, including mechanical ventilation and hemodynamic stabilization with norepinephrine. The patient's condition improved significantly. Discussion: This case demonstrates that favorable clinical outcomes in SE complicated by a CNS infection rely heavily on continuous sedation, the selection of antibiotics with adequate CNS penetration (such as linezolid), and meticulous hemodynamic monitoring in the intensive care setting. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, targeted treatment, and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Rosacea: Gejala, Diagnosis, dan Tata Laksana: Tinjauan Pustaka Perdiyana, Angki; Allatib, Arohid; Dhamayanti, Marsita Endy
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 05 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i05.1664

Abstract

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition primarily affecting the central face, characterized by redness, visible blood vessels, and acne-like lesions. The exact cause of rosacea is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic, immune, and environmental factors. The diagnostic criteria for rosacea on the face, particularly the cheeks, nose, and perioral area, include the primary symptom of persistent central facial erythema, often accompanied by flushing in a characteristic pattern that may periodically worsen. Common triggers include sun exposure, stress, and certain foods. The condition is classified into subtypes based on phenotypic presentation, with central erythema as a key symptom. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach, including lifestyle modifications, topical and systemic therapies, and,at times, laser treatments, to improve patient quality of life. The prognosis for rosacea is influenced by two main factors: the severity of the condition and the presence of comorbidities, both of which can affect the patient’s quality of life. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and develop more effective treatments.
Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Retinoblastoma: Tinjauan Pustaka Firdausi, Khadijah Nur Al
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 05 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i05.1738

Abstract

Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor that originates from the inner nuclear layer of the retina. High morbidity and mortality are caused by late diagnosis. There are two genetic types of retinoblastoma. The first type is hereditary, also known as germline, while the second type is non-hereditary, also known as sporadic or somatic. Tumor classification and staging are important to know because they are key factors in determining prognosis and influence long-term visual function following systemic chemotherapy and focal therapy. International collaboration has developed the International Classification of Retinoblastoma (intraocular tumors). Management aims to save lives and prevent tumor spread, followed by eye preservation and optimization of visual function. Treatment options for retinoblastoma are based on the international classification of intraocular retinoblastoma, the presence or absence of extraocular clinical factors, germline test results, the family’s psychosocial situation, and healthcare facility resources. Early detection of tumors, prevention of metastasis, and appropriate management can maintain globe preservation and optimize vision. If detected early and treated appropriately, the survival rate can be nearly 100%.
Terapi Kotrimoksazol pada Ensefalitis Toxoplasma dengan Penyakit AIDS: Laporan Kasus Dwi Arshanti, Tyas; Dewi, Putri Purnama
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 05 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i05.1767

Abstract

Introduction: Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is the most common opportunistic infection affecting the central nervous system in patients with HIV/ AIDS and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In individuals with HIV, TE tends to be more severe and life-threatening. The first-line therapy for TE is a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine; however, the limited availability of these drugs in some healthcare settings makes cotrimoxazole a potential alternative to pyrimethamine. Case: A 50-year-old Balinese male, married, was brought to the emergency department with confusion lasting for two days prior to admission. Two weeks earlier, he had experienced headache, weakness, odynophagia, and weight loss of 8 kg within one month. The patient had a history of multiple sexual partners, frequent consumption of raw lawar, and occupational exposure as a pig farm worker. Physical examination revealed white plaques on the tongue and pharynx. Laboratory investigations showed a reactive HIV rapid test with a CD4 count of 11 cells/μL, positive anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies, and contrast-enhanced cranial CT scan demonstrating multifocal ring-enhancing lesions in the right and left parietal regions with associated cerebral edema. The patient was diagnosed with stage IV HIV/AIDS, oropharyngeal candidiasis, and toxoplasma encephalitis, and was treated with cotrimoxazole 960 mg every 8 hours. Clinical improvement was observed after 11 days of treatment, and follow-up contrast-enhanced CT scan on day 18 showed radiological improvement with reduced perifocal edema and decreased number of lesions. Discussion: The diagnosis of toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with HIV/AIDS is established based on a combination of clinical manifestations, serological findings, and characteristic radiological features. In situations where pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine are unavailable, cotrimoxazole may serve as an effective alternative therapy. The favorable clinical and radiological responses observed in this case support the use of cotrimoxazole as an alternative treatment option for toxoplasma encephalitis. Conclusion: Cotrimoxazole may serve as an effective alternative therapy for toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with reactive HIV infection, particularly in settings where first-line therapy is unavailable, with favorable clinical and radiological outcomes.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Seminar terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Pemeriksaan Penunjang Penyakit Infeksi dan Autoimun pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran dan Mahasiswa Teknologi Laboratorium Medik: Penelitian Ishan, Zulfa Khairunnisa; Hartungi, Florean; Astuti, Puji; Pratiwi, Sari Eka; Putri, Rifa Amalia; Imaduddin, Zaky
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 05 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i05.1801

Abstract

Introduction: Supporting examinations can aid in diagnosing infectious and autoimmune diseases. Conducting a health education seminar is essential to address the complexities of developing supporting examinations, particularly for future health professionals such as medical and medical laboratory students. This research aimed to analyze differences in knowledge levels regarding supportive examinations for infectious and autoimmune diseases before and after seminars for both programs' students. Methods: The research design was a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design with a total sample of 86 students from the University of Tanjungpura, Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak, and Poltekkes Aisyiyah Pontianak. Results: The Wilcoxon test revealed a statistically significant effect of the seminar (p < 0.005), as demonstrated by increased scores from pretest to posttest across all assessment items. Conclusion: There was an increase in the level of knowledge of supporting examinations before and after the seminar activities.

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