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Policy Framework of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG): Mapping Solutions to Reduce Plate Waste and Recover Value Nur Mufida Wulan Sari; Gustaf Wijaya; Alqoma Subkhi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background: The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is a government initiative enhancing the nutritional well-being of Indonesian children. However, significant plate food waste has emerged from public kitchens and schools. If not addressed, this waste could worsen the environmental crisis and impede the program's safety. The scale of food production in Nutrition Fulfillment units increases the potential for food waste to be generated. Objective: The study aims to find alternatives that reduce food waste in the MBG program. It also explores options to retain the economic value of the food waste produced by the MBG program. Research Methods/Implementation Methods: This research uses secondary data and a qualitative scoping review to explore literature on plate waste and economic value retention within the free nutritious meal program. Results: Multi-stakeholder efforts are needed to preserve both the economic and nutritional value of food waste. Through a circular economy approach and bioconversion technology, this waste can be converted into a productive resource. Evaluating the produced food menu can help reduce plate waste. This study supports food security, emission reduction, and local economic empowerment. Conclusion/Lesson Learned: The circular economy approach helps reduce waste, supports the government’s goal of better community nutrition, creates new economic opportunities from food waste, and strengthens environmental micro-enterprises.

Strategies and Determinants Influencing Cervical Cancer Screening Participation: A Narrative Review of Global Evidence Nanik Setiyawati; Sri Sulistyowati; Heru Priyanto
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the availability of effective screening methods such as Pap smear and HPV testing, participation rates remain suboptimal due to various social, cultural, and systemic barriers. Objective : This study aims to identify effective strategies and key determinants influencing women’s participation in cervical cancer screening across diverse cultural and geographical contexts. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A narrative synthesis of 12 peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2025 was conducted. Articles were selected based on relevance to cervical cancer screening, including randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional surveys, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Key themes were extracted and analyzed for trends, effectiveness of interventions, and associated factors Results : Educational interventions, including empowerment programs and narrative media approaches, significantly increased screening knowledge and participation (p < 0.05). Opt-out invitation systems and community-based outreach campaigns demonstrated higher uptake compared with routine invitations. However, substantial gaps persist, particularly among rural and low-income women, due to limited awareness, fear, and cultural stigma. Factors such as education, income, age, parity, and contraceptive use were consistently associated with screening participation. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Integrated strategies combining education, community empowerment, and opt-out systems effectively enhance cervical cancer screening uptake. Addressing sociocultural and economic barriers through context-specific public health interventions is essential. Further longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the sustainability of these approaches in improving screening behavior.

Kesehatan Mental pada Wanita Karir yang Menjadi Orang Tua Tunggal: Analisis Faktor Penyebab dan Strategi Penanganan Muhamad Fajri; Karmila Karmila
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : The phenomenon of single mothers who also work as career women is increasingly prevalent in Indonesia. The dual responsibility as both breadwinner and primary caregiver causes high psychological pressure, leading to mental health problems such as stress, anxiety, and burnout. Objective : This study aims to analyze the factors causing mental health disorders among career women who are single parents and to identify effective coping strategies to maintain their psychological well-being. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : Implementation Methods : This research uses a qualitative descriptive method through a literature review approach. Data are collected from relevant national and international journal articles published after 2020 that discuss mental health, burnout, and coping mechanisms among single working mothers. Results : The results show that the main factors influencing mental health disorders in single- parent career women include parenting guilt, economic pressure, and role overload. These factors contribute to chronic stress and burnout, especially when social and organizational support is limited. Effective coping strategies identified include self-compassion, mindfulness, social support networks, and flexible work policies that promote work-life balance. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Mental health issues among single-parent career women are caused by a combination of psychological, social, and structural stressors. Strengthening coping strategies, social support, and organizational flexibility can significantly improve their resilience and mental well-being. Addressing these factors holistically helps single mothers perform their dual roles sustainably without compromising personal or family health.

Case Control Study on Pediatric Tuberculosis Risk Factors at KarangAsam Health Center Samarinda Siti Malikha Zalzabila Maharani; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the respiratory system and poses significant health and economic burdens. In Samarinda, the Karang Asam Health Center recorded the highest TB cases in 2024, with 162 cases, including 14 pediatric cases completing treatment and 148 treated at other facilities. Objective : The study aimed to describe the characteristics and risk factors associated with the incidence of TB in children at the Karang Asam Health Center in Samarinda City. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This case-control study involved 20 cases and 40 controls. The independent variables were close contact, nutritional status, and immunization status, with childhood tuberculosis as the dependent variable. Samples were obtained by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level, reporting p- values and OR (p < 0.05 significant). Results : The results showed that most of the 20 children with TB were aged 0-5 years (65%), male (60%), had a history of contact (85%), poor nutritional status (80%), and incomplete immunization status (70%). Based on the Odds Ratio (OR) calculation, it shows a large risk value for the incidence of TB in children, namely contact history (OR= 13,222; 95% CI= 3,256 – 53,691), nutritional status (OR = 6.000; 95% CI = 1.693-21.262), and immunization status (OR = 7.000; 95% CI = 2.120- 23.113). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Contact history, nutritional status, and immunization status were significant risk factors for pediatric TB. Communities are encouraged to enhance prevention through regular health checks and proper TB management in at-risk children.

“The Association Between Noise Exposure and Quality of Life AmongIndustrial Workers and Nearby Communities: A Literature Review” Karlina Sofyana Harahap; Iwan M Ramdan; Ida Ayu Indira Dwika Lestari
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Noise is an invisible environmental hazard that significantly affects human health and well-being. Chronic exposure to high-intensity noise can lead to auditory disorders such as Noise- Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) and various non-auditory effects including stress, fatigue, hypertension, sleep disturbance, and psychological distress. These physiological and psychosocial impacts contribute to a decline in Quality of Life (QoL) among both industrial workers and nearby communities. Despite growing evidence on the adverse effects of noise, comprehensive synthesis of the relationship between noise exposure and QoL across occupational and community settings remains limited. Objective : to identify and analyze scientific studies examining the relationship between noise exposure and Quality of Life (QoL) Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A systematic literature review was conducted to identify and analyze scientific studies examining the relationship between noise exposure and QoL. The literature search used the databases Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar for publications from 2015 to 2024. The keywords included “noise exposure,” “noise pollution,” “quality of life,” “occupational,” and “community.” Ten studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for descriptive synthesis. Data were extracted on study objectives, population, exposure levels, instruments used (such as WHOQoL-BREF and HRQoL), and main findings. Results : The review indicates a consistent negative association between noise exposure above 85 dB(A) and QoL. Across the selected studies, dominant reported effects included sleep disturbance, fatigue, stress, irritability, and decreased environmental satisfaction. Noise annoyance and noise sensitivity emerged as significant psychological mediators influencing the strength of this relationship. Occupational settings such as mining, manufacturing, and healthcare showed the highest exposure levels and greatest impact on workers’ physical and psychological well-being. Community- based studies also revealed lower QoL scores among residents living near industrial or transportation noise sources. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Noise is a critical environmental and occupational determinant of health that affects multiple domains of QoL—physical, psychological, social, and environmental. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive noise control measures, including engineering and administrative interventions, community awareness, and psychosocial coping strategies. Future research should employ longitudinal and mixed-method designs to capture the long-term and multifactorial impacts of noise exposure on human well-being.

Analysis Effect Of Peer Pressure On Academic Performance And Mental Health Among Students Of The Faculty Of Medicine, University Of Mulawarman, Academic Year 2024/2025 Rakha Andhika Farras; Naufal Sulthan Al Yazid; Cecilia Florentina Sihotang; Muhammad Irfan; Amanda Amalya Putri; Galena Humairah Dahlan; Elsa Aulia Rahmawati; Grace Simanjuntak; Muhammad Arkan Ali Marwan; Raden Ayu Utami Wibowo; Khairunnida Rahma
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Students often face academic pressures that significantly affect their grades, character, and overall well-being. Peer pressure, stemming from academic demands and competition, frequently leads to comparisons with peers, influencing both academic performance and mental health. Objective : This study explores the impact of peer pressure on academic achievement and mental health among students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, in the 2024/2025 academic year, and identifies strategies to manage it. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A correlational research design using quantitative methods was applied, with data collected via a Likert scale survey. The sample consisted of 69 students, with the sample size determined using the Krejcie and Morgan formula. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. Results : The results indicate a strong positive correlation between peer pressure and its negative impact on academic performance (correlation coefficient: 0.683; Interval: 0.60–0.799). Similarly, a strong positive correlation was found between peer pressure and its negative impact on students' mental health (correlation coefficient: 0.726; Interval: 0.60–0.799). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : These findings suggest that peer pressure significantly affects both academic performance and mental well-being among medical students. While the results highlight the negative aspects of peer pressure, it is important to note that peer pressure can also motivate students and improve their performance. Future research should explore both the negative and positive impacts of peer pressure in more detail.

Analysis Environmental Factors of Diarrhea in East Kalimantan Province Based on a Large-Scale Survey Muhammad Aidil Fitrah; Ayudhia Rachmawati; Vivi Filia Elvira; Morrin Choirunnisa Thohira; Syamsir Syamsir
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Diarrhea remains a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Environmental conditions such as poor sanitation infrastructure and hygiene practices have the potential to increase the risk of diarrhea. Objective : This study aims to analyze the relationship between environmental factors and the incidence of diarrhea in East Kalimantan Province based on big data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data from 15,854 SKI respondents. Variables included gender, education, drinking water sources, water quality and treatment, storage containers, wastewater disposal, waste management, sanitation access, and hygiene practices. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and logistic regression to determine independent environmental factors influencing diarrhea incidence. Results : The prevalence of diarrhea was 2.1%. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between the incidence of diarrhea and education (p=0.001), drinking water source (p=0.003), physical quality of drinking water (p=0.000), raw water source (p=0.012), waste management (p=0.002), and sanitation hygiene (p=0.000). In the models of multivariable logistic regression analysis, it was found that physical quality of drinking water (AOR=2.058; p<0.001), level of education (AOR=2.008; p<0.001), and waste management (AOR=1.276; p=0.032) were the main determinants of diarrhea incidence. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Poor drinking water quality, low levels of education, and inadequate waste management increase the risk of diarrhea in East Kalimantan. Efforts to improve water quality, environmental health education, and household-based waste management need to be strengthened to reduce the incidence of diarrhea.

Nutritional Knowledge, Snacking and Nutritional Status among Indonesian Adolescents Nur Wahdah Rizqi Amaliah; Iriyani Kamarudin; Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Adolescent nutrition plays an important role in determining long-term health outcomes. However, poor nutritional knowledge and unhealthy snack consumption are often linked to imbalanced body weight among adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the association between nutrition knowledge and snack consumption behavior with nutritional status among PMR (Youth Red Cross) students at SMKN 15 Samarinda. Objective : Analyzing the relationship between nutritional knowledge and snack consumption among Red Cross Youth members at SMKN 15 Samarinda. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 41 PMR students at SMKN 15 Samarinda. Data were collected using a validated and reliable questionnaire, which consisted of 15 nutrition knowledge items (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.902). Anthropometric data were obtained to determine Body Mass Index-for-Age (BMI/A) based on the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results : The majority of respondents were female (56.1%) and had a normal nutritional status (82.9%), with a mean BMI of 20.5 kg/m2. The bivariate analysis showed a significant association between nutrition knowledge and nutritional status (p=0.042), indicating that students with higher nutrition knowledge tended to have normal BMI-for-age compared to those with lower knowledge levels. In contrast, no significant association was found between snack consumption behavior and nutritional status. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Nutrition knowledge significantly influences adolescent nutritional status. Strengthening school-based nutrition education and promoting healthy snack selection are essential strategies to improve adolescent health and prevent malnutrition.

Development of Patient Experience Questionnaire for Virtual Consultation Services in the Primary Healthcare: Content and Face Validty Analysis Nasim Abdul Kuthoose; Mohamad Rodi Isa; Khalid Ibrahim
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background: Patient experience measures objective aspects of healthcare and correlates with improved patient outcomes. Existing standardized questionnaires, including Malaysia's Client Experience Survey, focus on physical consultations. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of virtual consultations in Malaysia. However, validated tools to assess patient experiences with virtual primary care tailored to Malaysia's local context remain lacking. Objective: This research aims to develop a patient experience questionnaire for virtual primary care consultations in Malaysia and establish its content and face validity. Research Methods/Implementation Methods: Items were developed from a framework based on literature reviews and refined through expert panels. To assess validity, nine field experts and ten experienced patients participated in the study. The content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and face validity index (FVI) were evaluated. Results: The initially developed items consisted of 55 items aligned with the Picker Principle – TAMs’ domains. After receiving expert feedback, the instrument was refined to 47 items across seven domains. A Delphi panel's content evaluation retained 35 items, discarding 8 with a relevance I-CVI of ≤ 0.78 and refining 12 statements. Face validity testing with 10 adult participants highlighted seven items with poor ratings and 11 borderline items. Based on this feedback, eight items were revised and eight were removed due to low I-FVI, resulting in a total of 39 items. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Findings on content and face validity highlight the need to include infrastructure and essential service elements when assessing patient experience in virtual primary care consultations. This framework guides providers to enhance patient experience. Further psychometric and reliability testing with larger samples is needed to verify construct validity and reliability over time.

Matriks Metalloproteinase 2 ( MMP-2) level at the time of ovulation byCurcuma Domestica Val Treated to Rattus nowegicus strain Wistar Sri hastati; Yuniati Yuniati
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Curcuma domestica val has many proven properties for traditional medicine against various diseases such as: cholesterol, gastrointestinal disorders and reproductive system. The mechanism curcuma domestica val in reproductive system has not been known. Objective : the current study was aimed to investigate Matriks Metalloproteinase -2 level at time of ovulation after curcuma domestica val. perorally Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This Study use immature rat model. Immature rats, age 28 days old, by a sigle dose of 10 IU Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), and 48 hours later were injected with 10 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The immature rat were assign into 4 groups namely: the untreated rats (as control), the group treatment with CMC (solvent), the group treatment with curcuma domestica val. 50 mg/kgbw,100 mg/kgbw and 200 mg/kgbw. Treatment were given to rats orally at age 30 days as assign of groups. At the age of 31 days blood sample uses for Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 assay Results : Present findings found that there was significantly differences of MMP-2 level after curcuma domestica val 50, 100 and 200 mg/kgbw treatment Conclusion/Lesson Learned : this study provides a scientific information for the curcuma domestica val degress MMP-2 blood level at time ovulation

Home Page

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Contact Name
MUHAMAD ZAKKI SAEFURROHIM

Contact Email
saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Phone
+6287710112314

Journal Mail Official
saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Editorial Address
Gedung IsDB FKM Jl. Sambaliung, Gn. Kelua, Kec. Samarinda Utara, Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75119

Location
Kota samarinda,

Kalimantan timur

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name MUHAMAD ZAKKI SAEFURROHIM

Contact Email saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Phone +6287710112314

Journal Mail Official saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Editorial Address Gedung IsDB FKM Jl. Sambaliung, Gn. Kelua, Kec. Samarinda Utara, Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75119

Location Kota samarinda, Kalimantan timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Contact Name
MUHAMAD ZAKKI SAEFURROHIM

Contact Email
saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Phone
+6287710112314

Journal Mail Official
saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Editorial Address
Gedung IsDB FKM Jl. Sambaliung, Gn. Kelua, Kec. Samarinda Utara, Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75119

Location
Kota samarinda,

Kalimantan timur

INDONESIA