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Proceeding Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 3090630X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
The Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health (MICTOPH) is an annual international conference organized by the Faculty of Public Health (FKM), Universitas Mulawarman. This event serves as a platform to gather and integrate diverse, constructive, and comprehensive ideas, concepts, and perspectives. The outcomes of these discussions and presentations aim to form the foundation for addressing and solving various challenges in the field of public health, particularly those related to tropical regions. Through collaboration and knowledge exchange, MICTOPH strives to contribute to the advancement of public health research and practices.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 311 Documents
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Analysis of Ability To Pay & Willingness To Pay BPJS Health Contribution Among Informal Sector Workers in Indonesia Syauqi, Ferdhitya Rizky; Adrianto, Ratno
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background : BPJS Kesehatan is Indonesia’s national health financing scheme supporting equitable access to healthcare and the achievement of Universal Health Coverage. However, premium payment compliance among informal sector workers remains low due to unstable income, high basic household expenditures, and limited financial security. This condition creates a persistent gap between Ability to Pay (ATP) and Willingness to Pay (WTP). Beyond economic constraints, perceived service benefits, service quality, and health insurance literacy significantly influence WTP. Considering the large proportion of informal workers in the national labor market, understanding ATP and WTP determinants is essential for designing adaptive and sustainable financing policies. Objective : To analyze factors influencing ATP and WTP for BPJS Kesehatan premiums among informal sector workers in Indonesia through a systematic review of national literature published from 2020–2025, and to identify policy implications for strengthening long-term financing sustainability. Research Methods / Implementation Methods : A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using national SINTA-indexed journals and Indonesian scientific databases. Keywords related to “Ability to Pay BPJS,” “Willingness to Pay BPJS,” and “Informal Sector Workers” were used. Inclusion criteria covered quantitative Indonesian-language studies (2020–2025) examining ATP/WTP in the context of BPJS Kesehatan. Fourteen articles met the criteria and were thematically analyzed based on economic factors, socio-demographic characteristics, household expenditure patterns, and perceived health service quality. Results : Findings show that ATP is mainly shaped by unstable income, high basic household expenditures, and fluctuating informal earnings. These structural characteristics make consistent premium payments difficult and indicate that a uniform flat-rate contribution is incompatible with the economic realities of informal workers.WTP, meanwhile, is strongly influenced by perceived benefits, service experience, information access, and trust in healthcare services. Higher WTP is observed when workers perceive real value and understand the long-term advantages of BPJS participation. Low health insurance literacy and lack of perceived service quality reduce willingness to pay.The review highlights the need for flexible premium schemes tailored to informal economic segments, such as micro-installment models, and emphasizes that improving WTP also requires better communication, transparency, and service quality. Conclusion / Lesson Learned : ATP among informal workers is dominated by economic constraints, while WTP is shaped by perceived benefits and service trust. Sustainable BPJS financing requires flexible, segmented premium models and parallel improvements in service quality. Future policies should integrate both economic and perception-based strategies to enhance compliance and reduce premium arrears.
Evaluation of Ship Sanitation and Its Implications for the Microbiological Qualyty of Clean Water on Foreign Vessels Surianto, Heri; Sedionoto, Blego; Ningsih, Riyan
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Abstract

Ships serve as major sea transportation modes and have the potential to act as a medium for disease transmission. Proper ship sanitation is therefore essential to prevent the spread of diseases onboard, particularly those transmitted through clean water. Global data on ship sanitation in Indonesia remains limited, as does research investigating the relationship between sanitation and microbiological quality This study aims to evaluate sanitation levels on foreign vessels and analyze their implications for the microbiological quality of clean water within the working area of the Class I Port Health Office (Balai Kekarantinaan Kesehatan) in Samarinda. The findings are expected to support quarantine policy improvement and supervision. This quantitative analytical study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted from September to October 2025. The sample consisted of 20 foreign vessels docking at PT Kaltim Prima Coal Port, Sangatta, that met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and Fisher’s Exact Test. The findings showed that 20% (4 vessels) did not meet sanitation standards, and 10% (2 vessels) did not meet microbiological water quality requirements. A significant association was found between sanitation quality and the microbiological quality of onboard water supplies (P = 0.032). Ship sanitation conditions significantly affect the microbiological quality of clean water on foreign vessels. Routine monitoring and improved compliance with international sanitation standards are necessary to reduce the risk of cross-border disease transmission.
A Descriptive Study of Patient Safety Culture at Inche Abdoel Moeis Regional Hospital, Samarinda, Indonesia Pratiwi, Fierda Eka; Adrianto, Ratno; Ningsih, Riyan
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background : Patient safety culture is a key pillar in improving the quality of health services. In 2025, the Indonesian Ministry of Health adapted the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) version 2.0 as a national instrument to measure hospital staff perceptions of patient safety culture. Objective : This study aimed to describe the patient safety culture based on the 2025 Ministry of Health’s Patient Safety Culture Survey Instrument at Inche Abdoel Moeis Regional Hospital, Samarinda. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted using secondary data from the 2025 patient safety culture survey. The population included all healthcare workers and non-medical staff (n=259). Data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the average score of each dimension of patient safety culture. Results : The overall mean score was 3.66 (73.2%), categorized as good. The highest dimensions were general perception of safety (4.30), teamwork and collaboration (4.14), and organizational learning (4.08). The lowest were incident reporting (2.03), communication openness (2.40), and non- punitive response to errors (2.62). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The patient safety culture at Inche Abdoel Moeis Regional Hospital was in the good category, although improvements are needed in incident reporting and non-punitive response aspects. Strengthening leadership commitment and implementing a safe, anonymous reporting system are essential to enhance the overall patient safety culture.
Customer Satisfaction Level of Pharmaceutical Care at Mulawarman Mitra Medika Pharmacy Payung, Boli Matius Tandi; Adrianto, Ratno
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background : A pharmacy is one of the facilities for carrying out pharmaceutical work and distributing pharmaceutical supplies to the public, aimed at improving community health. One of the indicators used to assess the quality of health services is customer satisfaction measurement. Satisfaction refers to the level of a person’s feelings when comparing perceived performance or results with their expectations. Objective : This study aimed to determine the level of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at Apotek Mulawarman Mitra Medika. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The research was descriptive and used a satisfaction questionnaire. The subjects were patients who visited Apotek Mulawarman Mitra during a one-month period. Results : Based on the reliability dimension, the majority of respondents (29 people or 58.0%) stated that the service was of good quality, while 21 respondents (42.0%) considered it not good. For the responsiveness aspect, 27 respondents (52.0%) stated that the service was good, and 23 respondents (46.0%) stated otherwise. Regarding assurance, 26 respondents (52.0%) rated the service as good, while 24 respondents (48.0%) did not. Similarly, in the empathy dimension, 26 respondents (52.0%) stated that the service was of good quality, while 24 respondents (48.0%) stated it was not. For the tangible dimension, 26 respondents (52.0%) stated that the service was good, and 24 respondents (48.0%) stated it was not. Overall, the findings indicate that pharmaceutical services at Apotek Mulawarman Mitra Medika are considered to have achieved a satisfactory level of quality across all assessed dimensions. Conclusion/Lesson Learned :
Time series analysis of outpatient visits at RSUD X In Samarinda using the ARIMA model Saputri, Deby Indah; Anggraeni, Ike; Isnuwardana, Ronny
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background : Efficient hospital resource planning, including staff allocation and pharmaceutical logistics, heavily relies on accurate patient visit volume forecasting. Daily outpatient visit data at Regional Hospital from January 2023 to February 2025 shows high volatility and a strong weekly pattern (5-day work cycle). Therefore, a forecasting method is needed that can describe the patterns and trends of patient visits based on historical data. Methods commonly used for time series forecasting is ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average). This model is capable of capturing seasonal patterns and trends within the data, making it useful for predicting the number of future visits with a high level of accuracy. Objective : This study aims to identify the most optimal time series forecasting model using internal seasonal SARIMA and external regression SARIMAX analysis. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study design is repeated cross-sectional. Outpatient visit data was divided into training (2023-2024) and testing (January-February 2025) sets for accuracy validation, measured by Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Results : In the first stage, the seasonal ARIMA model without explanatory variables, namely ARIMA(0,0,1)(2,1,0)[5], passed the Ljung-Box diagnostic test (p>0.05) but showed low predictive accuracy (RMSE 281.01). The second stage involved using explanatory (exogenous) variables such as Monday, Friday, and Public Holidays. A regression model with ARIMA(0,1,1) errors was identified as the superior model with an RMSE of 194.39. Regression coefficients showed a significant impact from specific days: Monday (+50 visits, 95% CI 32, 68), Friday (-91 visits, 95% CI -73, -109), and Public Holidays (-489 visits, 95% CI -463, -516). ConclusioAlthough the Ljung-Box test resulted in p<0.05, indicating that there are still residuals not fully explained by the model, it still provides important insights for hospital operational planning.n/Lesson Learned :
Design and Evaluation of an Elective Malaria Surveillance Module for Medical Education in East Kalimantan Anggraini, Fitria Dewi Puspita; Zubaidah, Mona; Rahma, Khairunnida; Toruan, Vera Madonna Lumban; Retnaningrum, Yuliana Rahmah; Siagian, Loly Rotua Dharmanita; Pratiningrum, Moriko
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Malaria remains a significant public health burden in Indonesia, with over 230 million people in transmission risk areas. Strengthening surveillance systems is crucial for elimination, requiring competent health professionals. Objective : This study developed and validated a malaria surveillance elective module for East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This research employed a Research and Development design with a descriptive quantitative approach at the Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, from September 2024 to September 2025. The development process included needs analysis surveys distributed to medical students and lecturers, expert validation of content validity and media quality, and pilot implementation with pre-post knowledge assessments. The sample comprised 113 medical students from the 2024 cohort. Expert validation involved content specialists and media design experts who assessed the module using standardized rubrics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine feasibility scores, validity levels, and learning effectiveness Results : Needs analysis revealed high demand for contextualized malaria surveillance materials among students and lecturers. Expert validation yielded content feasibility and linguistic appropriateness scores of 60–80%, categorized as good to very good, while media validation confirmed design quality met educational standards. Pilot implementation with 106 students showed significant knowledge improvement, with scores increasing 46.96% from pretest average of 66 to post-test average of 97. Student attendance reached 84.8%, indicating strong engagement. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The malaria surveillance module demonstrated strong validity and effectiveness in enhancing medical student competencies. It is contextually appropriate for endemic regions and recommended for integration into medical curricula to strengthen disease surveillance capabilities among future health professionals in Indonesia
Overview of Dysmenorrhea Severity and Management Choices amongFemale Medical Students at Universitas Mulawarman: 2024 Cohort Kinanthi, Kalya Natriswa Putri; Rahma, Khairunnida
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Dysmenorrhea, a highly prevalent gynecological complaint that significantly interferes with daily activities Objective : prompted this study to investigate the severity levels and treatment preferences among female medical students from 
Exploring Ergonomic Risks Behind Waste: A Qualitative Study of BankSampah Workers in Samarinda City Paramita, Nadinda Maretta Diah; Ramdan, Iwan M; Sultan, Muhammad; Lestari, Ida Ayu Indira Dwika
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common occupational diseases occurring in workplaces such as waste banks. Repetitive manual activities performed by workers pose ergonomic risks if not supported by adequate understanding and workplace facilities. Objective : This study aims to analyze ergonomic practices among waste bank workers, explore their perceptions of MSDs risks, and identify the needs for ergonomics-based health promotion that suits the conditions of the waste bank. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study used a qualitative case study design. Data were obtained through interviews with five Bank Sampah Nusantara workers and work observations. Thematic analysis with manual coding was applied, starting from data reduction, assigning codes (labeling relevant data), and grouping codes into themes, and results were presented descriptively. Data validity was ensured through the Member Check technique. Results : The findings showed that workers at Bank Sampah Nusantara did not use assistive tools and only used basic personal protective equipment (PPE). Several workers complained of body pain and fatigue (especially in the hands and feet). Risk perception was generally low. No training related to ergonomics or safe work practices had been conducted in the waste bank. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Workers expressed the need for training, improved work facilities, and collaboration with external institutions to support occupational health and safety. This highlights the importance of ergonomics-based health promotion interventions in the informal sector to prevent MSDs and raise workers’ awareness of occupational risks.
Comparative Patterns of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Across Age Groups in Samarinda, Indonesia Arfandi, Muh. Amri; Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Azka, Arlina; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Siswanto, Siswanto; Risva, Risva; Azmiardi, Akhmad; Asrianti, Tanti
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major public health concern, with risk factors increasingly observed among younger populations. Examining how these risks differ between age groups may provide insight into early prevention priorities. Objective : To describe and compare behavioral and biological NCD risk factors among older adolescents (15–19 years), young adults (20–24 years), and adults (25–59 years) in Samarinda, Indonesia. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 242 respondents selected through household interviews in Samarinda. Data were collected using the WHO STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) questionnaire, covering behavioral factors (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, diet) and biological factors (BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol). Data were analyzed descriptively using STATA 17. Results : Variations were observed across age groups. Smoking was more frequent among young adults (22.2%) compared to adolescents (9.3%) and adults (17.7%). Alcohol use was generally low but relatively higher among adolescents (12.4%). Physical activity levels and sedentary time showed comparable patterns, with young adults reporting slightly more sedentary behavior (40%). Most respondents consumed fruits less than four days per week. The proportion of overweight and obesity was greater among adults (54.4%) than in young adults (24.4%) and adolescents (19.4%). Differences were also seen in clinical indicators, with adults showing a higher proportion of hypertension (44.1%) and high cholesterol (35.3%) compared to younger groups. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The study highlights varying patterns of NCD risk factors among age groups, with several behavioral risks already present during adolescence. These findings emphasize the importance of early preventive actions focused on healthy lifestyles, especially among youth, supported by community-based education and health monitoring initiatives.
Protecting Nurses from Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Decade Reviewof Ergonomic Practices Hernani, Hernani; Ramdan, Iwan muhamad; Lestari, Ida ayu indira dwika
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Nursing is a physically demanding profession, exposing nurses to high risks of workrelated musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Ergonomic interventions are considered essential for preventing these disorders and improving occupational health. Objective : This literature review aims to examine the role of ergonomics in nursing practice and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing MSD prevalence, improving posture, reducing fatigue, and enhancing job performance. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A narrative literature review was conducted on 10 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025, focusing on ergonomic interventions for nurses in hospital and clinical settings. Data on study objectives, interventions, outcomes, and key findings were extracted and synthesized narratively. Results : The reviewed studies consistently show that ergonomic interventions, including educational programs, posture regulation training, participatory ergonomics, assistive devices, and multifaceted workplace strategies, effectively reduce MSD risks, improve posture, decrease fatigue, and enhance work performance. However, hospital-level policies alone, such as safe patient handling legislation, did not always lead to improved nurse-level outcomes, highlighting a gap between policy, equipment availability, and actual practice. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Ergonomic strategies are crucial for protecting nurses from MSDs and improving occupational health. Effective interventions combine knowledge, practical application, continuous training, and supportive organizational policies to bridge the gap between institutional programs and daily nursing practices, ultimately promoting safer, healthier, and more productive work environments.

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