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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 928 Documents
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Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding COVID-19 among Residents of Pesantren Herdayati, Milla; Karniastuti, Juliana
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) run the risk of COVID-19 transmission. The pesantren learning system is generally carried out collectively, with an all-day-long interaction between teachers and students. This paper presented a lesson on controlling COVID-19 outbreak in pesantren through Community Service Activities (CSA). The CSA was designed to empower the pesantren to prevent and control COVID-19 to become a safe place protected from COVID-19 spread. This was a relevant case study in a traditional Islamic boarding school (salafiah) in Lebak District, Banten. The study population (a total of 97 participants) consisted of the pesantren leader, the teachers (“Ustaz/Ustazah”) , and the students, ushered by the community service partners, namely the Sub-district Public Health Center and COVID-19 Task Force. This study showed that controlling COVID-19 in pesantren requires the leaders’ commitment to establishing an internal COVID-19 Task Force and partnerships with community stakeholders. Health literacy needs to be improved, especially by implementing health protocols and information on clean and healthy behavior. There are obstacles in handling COVID-19, especially related to social distancing, infrastruc-ture, and funding. This study recommends the empowerment of pesantren residents related to health literacy. It is necessary to make people realize that COVID-19 is everyone’s responsibility. The Government should pay serious attention to pesantren as boarding educational institutions with a high level of in-teraction and prevent them from becoming clusters of COVID-19 spread.
Analysis Implementation of COVID-19 Prevention Policy for Disability in Social Institution (Case Study: Jakarta CapitalCity) (Case Study: Jakarta Capital City) Margaretha, Cindy; Ayuningtyas, Dumilah
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
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Abstract

One of the most vulnerable groups in the current COVID-19 pandemic situation is people with disabilities. Generally, people with disabilities have more health care needs, both everyday needs and needs related to the disorders/limitations. As part of human beings and citizens of Indonesia, constitutionally, people with disabilities have the same rights and position before the law and government. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of COVID-19 prevention policies at the social institutions for disability in Jakarta Capital City, provide information about the implementation, find out the obstacles, and recommend policymakers to prevent COVID-19 in social institutions with disabilities. This study used an exploratory study design with a rapid assessment survey approach, using a secondary data analysis method supported by interviewing stakeholders at the Social Institutions in Jakarta Capital City handling disabilities. The results of this study concluded that the overall implementation has been going well. The socialization and coordination process related to the COVID-19 prevention policy at the Social Institution for Disabilities in Jakarta Capital City has gone well among fellow officers but has communication barriers with residents
Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Solar Irradiation and COVID-19 Cases in Jakarta 2020 Saputra, Yoerdy Agusmal; Susanna, Dewi
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
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Abstract

To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a threat to public health systems around the world. As of July 25, 2021, the numbers were still increasing in most countries, and the total confirmed cases reached 194,582,750 with 4,171,672 deaths (CFR 2.1%). In Indonesia, 3,166,505 cases were reported with 83,279 deaths (CFR 2.7%) in all provinces and dominated by cases from Jakarta. Therefore, this study aimed to find a correlation and the duration of solar radiation exposure spatially on the pattern of COVID-19 cases. An ecological design was used based on time and place with the integration of geographic information systems and statistical techniques. The correlation test results between solar radiation exposure and COVID-19 cases in Jakarta showed a significant relationship (p = 0.000) with a strong closeness and positive pattern (r = 0.666). Furthermore, the spatial map overlaying solar radiation exposure and COVID-19 cases showed urban villages with high radiation tend to increase in cases earlier than areas with moderate and low. The differences in geographical and temporal conditions are a concern for the Provincial Health Office. This can be a consideration in strengthening more specific prevention and control programs according to the risk level and characteristics of each region.
Large-Scale Social Restriction (LSSR) Policy and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Cases during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Case Study of Five Subregions of East Java Province Trisandy, Aldio Yudha; Maruf, M. Azmi; Yudhastuti, Ririh; Lusno, M. Farid D.; Notobroto, Hari Basuki
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
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Abstract

The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Indonesia was announced in March 2020. Since then, the number of COVID-19 cases has continued to rise. This prompted the government to adopt Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) or large-scale social restrictions (LSSR). Certain areas within dengue fever endemic regions face two challenges: simultaneously tackling COVID-19 and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Five economic growth centers (a city and four districts) in East Java Province (Gresik, Bangkalan, Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Lamongan) were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and adengue fever outbreak. This is a quantitative research with a comparative study design that used the Wilcoxon test to compare cases of DHF pre-COVID-19versus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Wilcoxon test result showed no significant difference at a p-value of 0.319 (p-value > 0.05). It can be concludedthat DHF still became a challenge in five regions in East Java Province, even though LSSR were implemented. Additional effort is required to tackle DHF. Amethod of preventing and controlling DHF during the COVID-19 pandemic is to build community independence through the "one house, one health cadre movement."
Public Health Priority in Handling the Ongoing Pandemic Tafal, Zarfiel
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
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Abstract

Burundi’s ‘worst enemy’: The country’s fight against COVID-19 Manirambona, Emery; Reddy, Henna; Uwiringiyimana, Emmanuel; Uwizeyimana, Theogene; Kamath, Archith; Parepalli, Sai Arathi; Ruzats, Salvador Sun; Ntacyabukura, Blaise; Islam, Sheikh M. S.; Ahmadi, Attaullah; Lucero-Prisno III, Don E
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has proved to be a severe global public health threat, causing high infection rates and mortality worldwide. Burundiwas not spared the adverse health outcomes of COVID-19. Although Burundi’s initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic was criticized, hope arose in June2020 when the new government instituted a plan to slow virus transmission that included public health campaigns, international travel restrictions, and masstesting, all of which proved effective. Burundi has faced many challenges in containing the virus, the first of which was the lack of initial preparedness and appropriate response to COVID-19. This was exacerbated by factors including shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), limited numbers of life-savingventilators (around 12 ventilators as of April 2020), and the presence of only one COVID-19 testing center with less than ten technicians in July 2020.Moreover, as Burundi is amongst the poorest countries in the world, some citizens were unable to access necessities such as water and soap, required forcompliance with government recommendations regarding hygiene. Interestingly, Burundi did not implement a nationwide lockdown, allowing mass gatheringsand public services to continue as usual due to a firm belief in God’s protection. As the daily confirmed cases have tripled since December 2020, Burundi mustprepare itself for the threat of a new wave. Establishing precautionary measures to contain the virus and strengthening the health surveillance system inBurundi would significantly positively impact the prevention and management of COVID-19.
Outdoor Activity: Benefits and Risks to Recreational Runners during the COVID-19 Pandemic Makruf, Aswar; Ramdhan, Doni Hikmat
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
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Abstract

Running has become one of the most popular recreational sports worldwide. It is an easily accessible form of exercise as there are minimal equipment andsport structure requirements. Aerodynamic simulation experiments showed a risk of droplet exposure between runners when two people run in a straight lineat a close distance (slipstream). Thus, running activities require a safe physical distance of 10 meters to avoid droplet exposure, which can be a source oftransmission of COVID-19 infection. However, running outdoors during the COVID-19 pandemic is still often done in pairs and even in groups without wearinga mask. Open window theory stated that changes in the immune system occur immediately after strenuous physical activity. Many immune system componentsshowed adverse changes after prolonged strenuous activity lasting more than 90 minutes. These changes occurred in several parts of the body, such as theskin, upper respiratory tract, lungs, blood, and muscles. Most of these changes reflected physiological stress and immunosuppression. It is thought that an“open window” of the compromised immune system occurs in the 3–72-hour period after vigorous physical exercise, where viruses and bacteria can gain afoothold, increasing the risk of infection, particularly in the upper respiratory tract. Outdoor physical activity positively affects psychological, physiological, biochemical health parameters, and social relationships. However, this activity requires clear rules so that the obtained benefits can be more significant while simultaneously minimizing the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection.
The Psychological and Sleep-related Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review Solehati, Tetti; Kosasih, Cecep Eli; Hermayanti, Yanti; Mediani, Henny Suzana
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a global impact on mental health and sleeps quality that is unprecedented in the 21st century.This systematic review aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 and its effect on people’s sleep. Systematic searches were conducted viaPubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest from 2019 to August 2020, following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were selected based on eligibility criteria such as having a cross-sectional study design, assessing the general public’s mental health status or sleep problems, medical workers and non-medical workers duringthe COVID-19 pandemic, and using standardized and validated scales for measurement. The keywords: COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 AND Mental health ORPsychological health AND General population OR General public AND sleep AND Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019. A total of 23 articles were selectedafter being assessed. During the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical workers were found to have psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, stress, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), psychological distress, somatization symptoms, suicidal ideation, high risk of severe mental illness, worry, and insomnia. Non-medical workers experienced symptoms of depression. The general public experienced psychological problems: depression, anxiety, stress, bad mood, inability to stop thinking about COVID-19, panic, and experiencing sleep problems such as changing sleep patterns, sleep disturbances, sleep quality, difficulty with sleep initiation, and shortened sleep duration. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with psychological problems and sleep disorders for medical workers, non-medical workers, and the general public.
COVID-19 and The City: A Healthy City Strategy for Pandemic Challenges, from Planning to Action Hasyim, Hamzah; Dale, Patricia
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
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COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus discovered in 2019. WHO declared COVID-19 is a respiratory disease causedby SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic that the detection level of cases changed daily, and it can track almost in real-time. This paper used a narrative literaturereview to address issues of urban quality and lack of exercise. The specific aim was to discuss the concept of a healthy city, indicate a new urban model, andadvocate for the increased use of bicycles, outdoor gym/outdoor exercise, walking to reducing pollution, and improving physical, psychological, and social fitness. A healthy city can improve residents’ health by improving conditions of life to face COVID-19 pandemics. It needs the local capacity to prevent thespread of the diseases and design public health concepts concerning the built environment and contemporary towns in a new urban model. Dialogue opportunities in public health can provide essential guidance for designers (architects and town planners), decision-makers, public health experts, and health agencies locally, promoting the actions and policies to transform the city into a healthier neighborhood and salutogenesis.
Impact of Climate Variables on COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia: A Systematic Review Saputra, Yoerdy Agusmal; Susanna, Dewi; Saki, Vernonia Yora
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 5
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Abstract

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and threatens public health systems worldwide. Virus transmission can be influenced by several factors, one ofwhich is climatic conditions. Temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and solar radiation play an important role in the transmission of infectious diseases and are variables that can determine the resistance of the SARS virus. This paper aimed to critically assess and provide evidence-based on the impactof climate variables on COVID-19 cases in Asia based on current knowledge to form the basis of guidelines for health care and prevention efforts. This systematic review used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The articles were searched from ProQuest, Scopus,PubMed, and Springerlink databases. The reviewers had screened 2.784 abstracts, 103 full-text publications, and ultimately included 11 systematic reviews. The review found a consistently positive relationship between climate variables and COVID-19. Average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and humidity (r = 0.83, 0.94, 0.93, 0.30) were significantly correlated with COVID-19 cases. Temperature, maximum humidity, and population density (adjusted R2 = 0.53, p<0.05), can be used as references in planning interventions during potential future pandemics. Linear regression framework, high humidity, and high temperature (p<0.05) significantly reduce the transmission of COVID-19. This systematic review shows that climate plays a role in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia.

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