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Psychological Well-Being Among People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review of Psychosocial and Contextual Determinants Roza, Defia; Sastra, Lenni
Frontiers on Healthcare Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Dr. M. Djamil

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63918/fhr.v3.n1.p8-17.2026

Background: Advances in antiretroviral therapy have transformed HIV into a chronic condition, yet psychological well-being remains inadequately addressed. Persistent stigma, psychological distress, and social inequities continue to compromise holistic health among people living with HIV/AIDS. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on psychosocial and contextual determinants of psychological well-being among people living with HIV/AIDS and to identify implications for research and practice. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Peer-reviewed studies examining psychological well-being, mental health, stigma, coping, social support, and psychosocial interventions among adults living with HIV/AIDS were identified across major databases. Ten eligible studies, including observational studies, intervention trials, and systematic reviews, were critically appraised and synthesized using a thematic approach. Results: Five interrelated themes emerged. HIV-related stigma consistently showed a negative association with psychological well-being across settings. High levels of depression and anxiety persisted despite antiretroviral treatment. Psychosocial resources, particularly social support, counseling, and adaptive coping, functioned as protective factors. Psychosocial interventions demonstrated beneficial but variable effects, with modest effect sizes and limited long-term evidence. Finally, psychological well-being was closely linked to behavioral outcomes, including treatment adherence and substance use, highlighting bidirectional relationships. Conclusion: Psychological well-being among people living with HIV/AIDS is shaped by multilevel psychosocial and structural factors. Integrating standardized mental health assessment, stigma reduction strategies, and context-sensitive psychosocial interventions into routine HIV care is essential to improve holistic outcomes. Such integration may enhance quality of life, resilience, and long-term engagement in care worldwide across health systems and sociocultural contexts globally.

Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Progression: Biological Basis and Histopathological Implications Gestin, Dustia; Oktavia, Ria
Frontiers on Healthcare Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Dr. M. Djamil

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63918/fhr.v3.n1.p39-52.2026

Background: Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental biologic process that plays a critical role in tumor invasion, metastasis, and dedifferentiation. While extensively investigated in molecular oncology, its relevance to routine surgical pathology practice remains underemphasized. Many morphologic alterations observed in daily histopathologic evaluation represent phenotypic manifestations of EMT, yet these findings are often interpreted descriptively without integration into a unified biologic framework. Methods: This review aims to provide a practical overview of EMT from a surgical pathology perspective by correlating biologic mechanisms with histomorphologic features, immunohistochemical findings, and clinical implications across solid tumors.A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE databases to identify relevant studies published between 2020 and 2025. Keywords related to EMT, histopathology, tumor progression, and immunohistochemistry were applied. Selected articles were qualitatively synthesized with emphasis on clinicopathologic relevance and applicability to routine diagnostic practice. Results: EMT is characterized by loss of epithelial differentiation, acquisition of mesenchymal traits, and increased cellular plasticity. Histologically, EMT correlates with recognizable features including loss of cellular cohesion, tumor budding, single-cell invasion, spindle cell transformation, and tumor dedifferentiation. Immunohistochemical alterations such as decreased E-cadherin expression and increased mesenchymal marker expression further support EMT-associated phenotypes. Across multiple organ systems, these morphologic changes are consistently associated with aggressive tumor behavior, metastatic potential, and therapeutic resistance. Conclusion: EMT provides a unifying concept linking molecular cancer biology with routine histopathologic observations. Recognition of EMT-associated morphologic patterns may enhance prognostic assessment and strengthen clinicopathologic interpretation, reinforcing the essential role of histopathology in the era of precision oncology.

Differences in Knowledge of Mothers with Small Babies Regarding Small Baby Care in Areas Using and Not Using the Special Maternal Child Health Handbook for Small Babies Sari, Nissa Prima; Amir, Arni; Mayetti, Mayetti
Frontiers on Healthcare Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Dr. M. Djamil

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63918/fhr.v3.n1.p61-68.2026

Background: The implementation of the special Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Handbook for small babies has been introduced in several regions in Indonesia. This is because the existing MCH Handbook, which is widely used in Indonesia, has not fully accommodated the needs of mothers and families as a guide for caring for and monitoring small babies. This study aims to analyze the differences in knowledge of mothers with small babies regarding small baby care in areas using and not using the special MCH Handbook for small babies. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional comparative design. The study was conducted in the working area of Tanjung Paku Public Health Center in Solok City, West Sumatra, Indonesia, as the group using the special MCH Handbook for small babies, and in the working area of Pariaman Public Health Center in Pariaman City, West Sumatra, Indonesia, as the group not using the special MCH Handbook for small babies. The study was conducted from September to October 2024. The required sample size was 46 participants per group, with a total of 92 participants. A simple random sampling technique was used. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, with a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The median total score for maternal knowledge about small baby care in areas using the special MCH Handbook was 14, higher than the score of 12 in areas that did not use the handbook. A significant difference was found in maternal knowledge regarding small baby care between areas using and not using the special MCH Handbook (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the knowledge of mothers with small babies regarding small baby care between areas using and not using the special MCH Handbook for small babies. Strengthening policies and promoting the importance of the special MCH Handbook for small babies is crucial to improving maternal knowledge in small baby care, especially in areas with high rates of preterm births.

Letter to the Editor: Strengthening Antimicrobial Resistance Control Practice at Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital Padang, Indonesia Djanas, Dovy
Frontiers on Healthcare Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Dr. M. Djamil

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63918/fhr.v3.n1.p69-71.2026

Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital (RSUP Dr. M. Djamil) Padang has been at the forefront of efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through a comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship program guided by the Antimicrobial Resistance Control Committee (KPRA). The program focuses on three key components: surveillance, research, and education. Notable achievements include significant reductions in inappropriate antibiotic use, enhanced treatment strategies, and improved patient outcomes. A robust surveillance system has tracked both the quantity and quality of antibiotic use, leading to a marked increase in rational antibiotic prescriptions. Additionally, the implementation of antibiotic sensitivity patterns has allowed for more targeted therapies, particularly in treating multidrug-resistant organisms. Multidisciplinary collaboration through the Forum Kajian Kasus Infeksi Terintegrasi (FORKKIT) has further optimized patient care. Ongoing research into advanced diagnostic tools, such as RT-PCR, has advanced AMR control efforts, contributing to more precise treatments. Despite these successes, the continued prevalence of multidrug-resistant infections highlights the need for sustained efforts in surveillance, research, and education. Looking forward, RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang aims to reduce the incidence of these infections, improve prophylactic antibiotic administration, and align practices with national and international guidelines. The hospital’s commitment to advancing research and collaboration is vital in the global effort to preserve antibiotic effectiveness for future generations

Maternal Factors and Their Relationship with Low Birth Weight: Evidence from a Case-Control Study Salahin, Kazi Fayzus; El Khairah, Siti Mardiah
Frontiers on Healthcare Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Dr. M. Djamil

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63918/fhr.v3.n1.p79-85.2026

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major public health concern due to its association with neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal factors during pregnancy may influence birth weight outcomes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal factors and low birth weight using a case-control design. Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving 55 mother–infant pairs, consisting of 27 LBW cases and 28 normal birth weight controls. Maternal characteristics, including age, education, employment status, gestational age, pre-pregnancy weight, post-pregnancy weight, hemoglobin levels before and after pregnancy, and infant sex, were collected. The ponderal index was also assessed. Categorical variables were analyzed using appropriate comparative tests, and continuous variables were compared using mean differences. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Most mothers were aged 20–35 years (80.0%) and unemployed (76.4%). Nearly half had completed senior high school (49.1%). There were no significant associations between infant sex, maternal age, education, employment status, gestational age, pre-pregnancy weight, post-pregnancy weight, hemoglobin levels before pregnancy, or hemoglobin levels after pregnancy and birth weight outcome (p>0.05). However, the mean ponderal index was significantly lower in the LBW group compared to the normal birth weight group (2.47±0.36 vs. 2.84±0.24; p<0.001). Conclusion: Among the maternal factors examined, only the ponderal index showed a significant association with low birth weight. These findings suggest that neonatal body proportionality may be an important indicator related to birth weight outcomes.

The Role of Cell Block in Diagnosing Metastatic Adenocarcinoma in Pleural Fluid: A Case Series Salsa Hanisa Anwar; Desi Puspita; Hermin Aminah Usman
Frontiers on Healthcare Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Dr. M. Djamil

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63918/fhr.v3.n2.p68-75.2026

Background: Cytological examination of pleural fluid is an important, inexpensive, and simple test for detecting malignancy in patients with clinical pleural effusion who undergo thoracentesis. Adenocarcinoma is the most common tumor type. However, diagnosis using the conventional smear method can be challenging when the typical glandular-like growth patterns are not visible. Cell block preparation from pleural fluid samples preserves tissue architecture and tumor cell genetic material, enabling further tests such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PCR. Case presentation: We report a series of four patients with pleural effusion who underwent both conventional smear cytology and cell block examination. Tumor cell growth patterns were identified and descriptively analyzed for each sample. In two of these cases, vague glandular-like growth patterns were observed only in the cell block preparations and were absent in the conventional smears, which directly helped establish the diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Differences in tumor cell growth patterns between the conventional smears and the cell block preparations were observed in two cases. The vague glandular-like growth pattern that was present in the cell block but was not identified in the conventional smear aided pathologists in identifying metastatic adenocarcinoma in pleural fluid specimens.

The Relationship Between the Jakarta Cardiovascular Score and Physical Activity: Screening of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Older Adults Citra Kiki Krevani; Restu Restu; Wahyudi Firmana; Rusdy Kamal; Fikri Satria; Jolatuvel Bahana; Najmi Ilal Hayati; Hajar Nurfa Jirin
Frontiers on Healthcare Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Dr. M. Djamil

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63918/fhr.v3.n2.p41-47.2026

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia, where low physical activity is a major modifiable risk factor. The Jakarta Cardiovascular Score (JAKVAS) was developed as a local modification of the Framingham Risk Score to better represent Indonesian populations by including physical activity as a variable. However, the quantitative relationship between physical activity level and JAKVAS has not been well established. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study involved 21 adult participants who took part in a community health screening. Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering JAKVAS components and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Physical activity was classified into low–moderate and high categories. Data were analyzed using independent t-test or Mann–Whitney test according to data distribution, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Participants with high physical activity were predominantly male (83.3%; p = 0.003). No significant differences were observed in body mass index, blood pressure, or blood glucose levels. Smoking status (p = 0.003) and menopausal status (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with physical activity, whereas hypertension and diabetes mellitus were not. The median JAKVAS score was higher in the low–light activity group (median = 6; range 0–15) than in the moderate–vigorous group (median = 4; range 1–8; p = 0.066), indicating a trend toward lower cardiovascular risk with higher physical activity levels. Conclusion: Higher physical activity levels tended to correlate with lower cardiovascular risk scores based on JAKVAS, though not statistically significant. Promoting physical activity remains a key preventive strategy against cardiovascular disease in the community.

Shifting Gears in Pediatric Pyeloplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Robotic vs Conventional Laparoscopic Approaches for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Annisa Ulfa; Gabriel Tandecxi; Prayoga Eko Nuryadi; Cika Joyita Patria
Frontiers on Healthcare Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Dr. M. Djamil

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63918/fhr.v3.n2.p1-11.2026

Background: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) obstructs the flow of urine and can damage the kidney when it is left untreated. Open pyeloplasty (OP) is still the gold standard, yet laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) and robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) achieve comparable success rates. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RALP compared with LP in pediatric patients. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted on studies published after 2010 that were identified from multiple databases. Comparative studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs (retrospective cohort and retrospective studies), were included. The primary outcomes were operative success rate, operative time, length of hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, UPJO recurrence, and complications. The analysis was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Sixteen studies (15 cohort studies and 1 RCT) involving 4,707 patients, with an overall moderate risk of bias, were included. RALP significantly increased the success rate by 2% (p = 0.03) and reduced the length of hospital stay by 1.71 days (p < 0.0001) compared with LP. In addition, RALP significantly reduced intraoperative blood loss by 4.63 mL (p = 0.04) and postoperative complications by 42% (p = 0.02). No significant differences were observed in operative time or UPJO recurrence between the two groups. Conclusion: RALP provided significant advantages over LP in pediatric UPJO, particularly in reducing hospital stay, blood loss, and complications, which supports its use as a safe and effective alternative wherever robotic facilities are available.

Inpatient Clinical Profile and Mortality Patterns at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Indonesia: A Descriptive Study at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Viora Antasya; Dodi Vionanda; Alfitri Alfitri
Frontiers on Healthcare Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Dr. M. Djamil

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63918/fhr.v3.n2.p48-59.2026

Background: Hospital electronic medical records contain morbidity and mortality data that can be analyzed to provide a comprehensive picture of health profiles. However, most studies using inpatient data are limited in scope and do not integrate the distribution of diagnoses, mortality patterns, and case fatality rates into a single analytical framework. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of inpatients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital in Padang in 2025, including age distribution, gender, diagnosis patterns, mortality rates, and case fatality rates by diagnosis group. Methods: This study employed descriptive analysis of electronic medical record (EMR) data from Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital in Padang for 2025, involving a total of 38,539 inpatients. The variables analyzed were age group, gender, and primary diagnosis. Data were presented in tables and bar charts. Results: Throughout 2025, there were 38,539 inpatients, with the highest number in the 56–60 age group. Males dominated inpatient admissions in nearly all age groups, except for the 21–50 age group, which was dominated by females because of pregnancy complications and gynecological cancers. Of all patients, 4,517 (8.5%) died, with the highest mortality rate occurring in the 61–65 age group. The highest case fatality rates (CFRs) were recorded for diseases of the respiratory system (29.2%); endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (23.5%); and perinatal conditions (21.0%), surpassing neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system, which actually recorded the largest absolute numbers of deaths. Disease patterns varied by age group; most notably, admissions among women aged 21–50 were dominated by pregnancy-related conditions and gynecological cancers, whereas those among men over 51 were dominated by diseases of the circulatory system. Conclusion: The patterns of hospital admissions and deaths at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital in Padang indicated that men and women faced different disease risks at each stage of life. These findings indicate that prevention programs and hospital healthcare services will need to be designed differently according to gender and age group to ensure greater effectiveness.

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Liver and Kidney Histopathology of Sodium Nitrite-Induced Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Niken Ayu Prachelia Putri; Lucya Rahayu Putri; Elsa Yuniarti; Moralita Chatri; Siska Alicia Farma; Yuni Ahda; Yusni Atifah
Frontiers on Healthcare Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Dr. M. Djamil

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63918/fhr.v3.n2.p60-67.2026

Background: Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a widely used meat preservative that, despite its regulatory approval, can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce oxidative damage to the liver and kidneys when consumed in excess. This study aimed to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the liver and kidney histopathology of sodium nitrite-induced male rats (Rattus norvegicus) and to identify the extract dose with the greatest effect. Methods: This experimental study used a completely randomized design with 25 male rats allocated to five groups of five: a negative control (no induction), a positive control induced with sodium nitrite (37.5 mg/kgBW), and three treatment groups given Moringa leaf extract at 200, 400, and 600 mg/kgBW after nitrite induction. Histopathological slides of the liver and kidney were prepared by the paraffin method, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and examined under a light microscope at 400× magnification. Results: Moringa oleifera leaf extract had a significant effect on the liver and kidney histopathology of the sodium nitrite-induced male rats, and the extent of histological recovery differed across doses. Conclusion: Among the doses tested, 600 mg/kgBW (P3) produced the greatest improvement in the liver and kidney histopathology of the sodium nitrite-induced male rats.

Home Page

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Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Zulda Musyarifah

Contact Email
penelitian.diklit@gmail.com

Phone
+627518956666

Journal Mail Official
admin@frontiersonhealthcare.org

Editorial Address
Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Sawahan Timur Padang West Sumatra

Location
Kota padang,

Sumatera barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Zulda Musyarifah

Contact Email penelitian.diklit@gmail.com

Phone +627518956666

Journal Mail Official admin@frontiersonhealthcare.org

Editorial Address Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Sawahan Timur Padang West Sumatra

Location Kota padang, Sumatera barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Zulda Musyarifah

Contact Email
penelitian.diklit@gmail.com

Phone
+627518956666

Journal Mail Official
admin@frontiersonhealthcare.org

Editorial Address
Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Sawahan Timur Padang West Sumatra

Location
Kota padang,

Sumatera barat

INDONESIA