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INDONESIA
Traksi : Majalah Ilmiah Teknik Mesin
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang
ISSN : 16933451     EISSN : 25799738     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Energy Engineering
TRAKSI (eISSN 2579-9738 / ISSN 1693-3451) adalah Majalah Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang (UNIMUS) dengan cakupan bidang material teknik, konversi energi dan manjfaktur. Jurnal ini terbit 2 kali dalam satu tahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 220 Documents
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Analisis StrukturChassis Mobil Listrik Enggang EVO Terhadap Beban Statik Alfian Djafar; Widya Hadiprasetiyo
TRAKSI Vol 20, No 2 (2020): TRAKSI
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/traksi.20.2.2020.122-133

Abstract

Electric cars are one alternative vehicle to overcome the problem of fuel oil scarcity. One aspect to be considered in the design of electric cars is the safety and comfort of the driver to avoid serious injury in case of accident. Chassis is one of the most important components of the vehicle, because it serves as a weight support vehicle, engine, and driver and passengers Because the chassis will receive the load, it is necessary to do analysis by Finite Element Analysis. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of stress on chassis and safety factor value due to stress with material AISI 310 and ASTM A36. The method used is the simulation of chassis to passenger load, engine load, front collision load, rear crash load, and side collision load. After the simulation the chassis safely receives the passenger load and engine load. Simulation results of front, rear and side collision loads show that the chassis is not safe to load, so redesign must be done. Redesign is done by increasing the number of bars on the chassis to reduce the working sitress. The chassis simulation results after the redesign show the chassis safely accept front, rear, and side impact loads.
RANCANG BANGUN REAKTOR BIOGAS TIPE BATCH DENGAN BAHAN BAKU KOTORAN SAPI DAN LIMBAH ORGANIK Ibnu Muhammad Syafi'i
TRAKSI Vol 21, No 1 (2021): TRAKSI
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/traksi.21.1.2021.76-91

Abstract

Abstrak IndonesiaReaktor Biogas Tipe Batch merupakan alat yang berfungsi untuk menghasilkan biogas dengan cara memfermentasikan bahan dan komposisi yang sesuai. Reaktor Biogas Tipe Batch memiliki beberapa komponen diantaranya, rangka utama alat berfungsi sebagai dudukan tong fermentasi, dudukan penampung gas, serta dudukan kompor biogas. Tong fermentasi berfungsi sebagai tempat berkembangnya bakteri fermentasi setelah bercampurnya beberapa komposisi sehingga dapat menghasilkan gas methana, penampung gas berfungsi sebagai tempat untuk menampung gas methana setelah proses fermentasi, kompor biogas berfungsi sebagai alat untuk menyalakan api hasil dari gas methana. Alat ini dilengkapi dengan sensor suhu dan manometer. Sensor suhu berfungsi sebagai alat untuk memantau suhu didalam reaktor selama proses fermentasi berlangsung, manometer berfungsi sebagai alat untuk mengamati tekanan gas yang ada didalam reaktor sehingga dapat mengetahui berkembangan gas selama proses fermentasi. Semua komponen Reaktor Biogas Tipe Batch dihubungkan dengan selang aliran gas yang sudah diklem agar kuat. Alat ini mempunyai spesifikasi : dimensi panjang 1500 mm, lebar 550 mm, tinggi 1000 mm, Tong fermentasi berkapasitas 127 liter, penampung gas dengan dimensi panjang 800 mm, lebar 500 mm, dengan tinggi maksimum 300 mm.Abstrak InggrisThe Batch Type Biogas Reactor is a tool that functions to produce biogas by fermenting the appropriate materials and composition. The Batch Type Biogas Reactor has several components including the main frame of the tool which functions as a fermentation barrel holder, a gas storage holder, and a biogas stove holder. The fermentation barrels function as a place for the development of fermentation bacteria after mixing several compositions so that they can produce methane gas, the gas reservoir functions as a place to accommodate methane gas after the fermentation process, the biogas stove serves as a tool to light a fire from methane gas. This tool is equipped with a temperature sensor and a manometer. The temperature sensor functions as a tool to monitor the temperature in the reactor during the fermentation process, the manometer serves as a tool to observe the gas pressure in the reactor so that it can find out the gas development during the fermentation process. All components of the Batch Type Biogas Reactor are connected to clamped gas flow hoses for strength. This tool has specifications: dimensions of length 1500 mm, width 550 mm, height 1000 mm, fermentation barrels with a capacity of 127 liters, gas reservoir with dimensions of length 800 mm, width 500 mm, with maximum height of 300 mm
PENGARUH POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT) TERHADAP STRUKTUR MIKRO DAN KEKERASAN SAMBUNGAN LAS STAINLESS STEEL Wijoyo Wijoyo
TRAKSI Vol 20, No 2 (2020): TRAKSI
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/traksi.20.2.2020.72-80

Abstract

Aplikasi penyambungan dengan cara pengelasan sering dipakai pada struktur baja untuk memenuhi tuntutan desain. Ada beberapa prosedur yang perlu diperhatikan supaya mendapatkan hasil pengelasan yang optimal, salah satunya adalah perlakuan material setelah proses pengelasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyelidiki pengaruh temperatur post weld heat treatment (PWHT) terhadap struktur mikro dan kekerasan sambungan las stainless steel 301. Bahan utama yang digunakan adalah stainless steel 301, dengan filler E308. Pengelasan dilakukan menggunakan las TIG dengan pendinginan udara sekitar dan kemudian dilakukan post weld heat treatment dengan variasi temperatur 250°C, 450°C dan 650°C dengan media pendinginan air. Pengamatan struktur mikro dan pengujian kekerasan dilakukan pada masing-masing spesimen. Hasil pengamatan struktur mikro menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan post weld heat treatment terhadap stainless steel 301 didominasi adanya ferite dan austenite yang mengalami perubahan bentuk dan ukuran butirnya. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan terjadinya peningkatan nilai kekerasan hasil las pasca perlakuan, yaitu nilai kekerasan tertinggi pada perlakuan dengan temperatur 650°C, yaitu 289,73 VHN.
Pengaruh Kecepatan Gesek dan Ukuran Serbuk Cangkang Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Laju Keausan Material Komposit Alam Mastariyanto Perdana
TRAKSI Vol 21, No 1 (2021): TRAKSI
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/traksi.21.1.2021.1-14

Abstract

Composite materials have been very widely applied in the industrial, one of its applications is on motorcycle brake pads. Composites that were applied to motorcycle brake pads still tend to use metal-type composite materials. They were made from synthetic materials. In this study, the use of oil palm shell waste as a composite base material was expected to be applied as an alternative material for motorcycle brake pads. In terms of hardness, the oil palm shell has high hardness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of friction speed and size of palm oil shell powder on the wear rate of natural composite materials. The matrix used in this study was an epoxy, one of polymer material. The volume fraction between oil palm shell powder and epoxy resin was 55%: 45%. The variations in the size distribution of oil palm shell powder were 841-595 µm, 595-420 µm and 420-297 µm. Composite manufacturing process using compression molding method. The test carried out in this study is the wear rate test with a variation of the friction speed by 1300 rpm, 1500 rpm and 1700 rpm. The results showed that the larger size of palm kernel shell powder with low friction speed in natural composites gave the lowest wear rate value. For oil palm shell powder size 841-595 µm has a wear rate of 3.44 x 10-7 gr/mm2.s at a friction speed of 1700 rpm, 2.50 x 10-7 gr/mm2.s at a friction speed of 1500 rpm and 1.11 x 10-7 gr/mm2.s at a friction speed of 1300 rpm. For palm shell powder size 595-420 µm has a wear rate of 3.89 x 10-7 g/mm2.s at a friction speed of 1700 rpm, 2.67 x 10-7 gr/mm2.s at a friction speed of 1500 rpm and 1.35 x 10-7 gr/mm2.s at a friction speed of 1300 rpm. For oil palm shell powder size 420-297 µm has a wear rate of 4.83 x 10-7 gr/mm2.s at a friction speed of 1700 rpm, 3.52 x 10-7 gr/mm2.s at a friction speed of 1500 rpm and 1.58 x 10-7 gr/mm2.s at a friction speed of 1300 rpm. It is hoped that the composite made from palm oil shell powder and epoxy resin can later become an alternative material for motorcycle brake pads.
Peningkatan Produktivitas Mesin Twin Screw Extruder (TSE) Dengan Proses Heat Treatment Pada As Stang Cutting Riki Candra Putra
TRAKSI Vol 21, No 1 (2021): TRAKSI
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/traksi.21.1.2021.56-75

Abstract

The plastic manufacturing industry is one of the industries that uses a continuous production process to produce household needs made of plastic, one of the machines that can produce plastic with good capacity and quality is the twin screw extruder (TSE) machine. The component in the twin screw extruder (TSE) that functions as an intermediary between the motor and the cutting on the extruder machine is that the cutting handlebar is a component that must have properties that are hard, resilient, resistant to friction. VCN 150 steel is the material chosen for cutting axle components because it has good characteristics. How to get the performance of the cutting axle made from VCN 150 steel, it is necessary to do heat treatment. After the heat treatment process, it is necessary to test the characteristics of the cutting axle material. To find out the results of the heat treatment process as cutting, tests are carried out related to capacity, cycle time, reject and resistance to cutting friction. The results of the material hardness characteristics test resulted in an average hardness of 39.6 HRC and an average hardness of 50.6 HRC after heat treatment. The results of the chemical composition test resulted, the carbon content contained in the as cutting was 0.402%, with the result that as cutting was included in the medium carbon steel group. In field testing, the new cutting axle was able to reduce cycle times by 40 minutes during one year of operation. For the capacity of hot cut dies to reduce the reject rate by 12 kg and a decrease in performance against friction resistance, the axle cutting can reduce the replacement rate by 4 times. Overall, hot cut treatment dies can reduce cycle time, reject, and replace cutting axles.
Analisis Kekuatan Struktur Pondasi Mesin Pada Kapal TB. Sungai Sepaku 155 GT Dengan Metode Elemen Hingga Alamsyah bin Muhammad Saleh
TRAKSI Vol 20, No 2 (2020): TRAKSI
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/traksi.20.2.2020.81-92

Abstract

Pondasi mesin pada kapal adalah salah satu bagian yang harus terjamin kekuatannya karena konstruksi ini menerima akumulasi dari gaya berat mesin dan momen torsi sistem propulsi sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya tegangan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kekuatan konstruksi pondasi mesin pada saat menerima beban dan mengetahui faktor keamanannya sesuai standar yang dijinkan. Kekuatan konstruksi pondasi mesin dianalisa menggunakan metode elemen hingga yang dibantu aplikasi berbasis elemen hingga dengan memvariasikan moment torsi pada mesin sebesar 100%, 80%, dan 50%. Hasil penelitian didapatkan tegangan maksimum yang terjadi pada pondasi mesin saat torsi 100% 80%, dan 50% sebesar σmax= 105 Mpa dengan regangan maksimum sebesar ε = 52 x 10-5. Untuk nilai faktor keamanan pondasi mesin pada setiap skenario nilai torsi berada di atas 1 sehingga masih aman.
OPTIMALISASI SIFAT MEKANIK BAJA AISI 4340 DENGAN VARIASI MEDIA PENDINGIN QUENCHING Nani Mulyaningsih, S.T.,M.Eng.; Mufti Syafi’i
TRAKSI Vol 21, No 1 (2021): TRAKSI
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/traksi.21.1.2021.15-26

Abstract

The shaft that is attached to the impeller on the multistaged pump which is commonly used in the refining of sap sugar factory often gets damaged, one of which is because of its low mechanical properties. The material for the failed multistage pump shaft component is AISI 4340 (ASSAB 705 equivalent). Therefore it is necessary to optimize the mechanical properties of a material that has an equivalent composition according to the standard heat treatment method. The heat treatment process used is quenching with a temperature of 860 0C, holding time 40 minutes and a variety of cooling media used in the form of brine, SAE 40 oil, and PDAM water. Then the mechanical properties testing was carried out, namely hardness testing and wear testing. The results of this research show that the cooling medium affects the mechanical properties of the material. Quenching using brine cooling media produces the highest hardness of 547.01 VHN and the lowest wear of 4.11152x10-9 mm2 / kg. With the increase in mechanical properties, it can reduce damage to the shaft.  ABSTRAK Poros yang dipasangi impeller pada pompa multistaged yang biasa dipakai dibagian pemurnian nira pabrik gula  sering mengalami kerusakan, salah satunya karena sifat mekaniknya rendah. Material untuk komponen poros pompa multistage yang gagal tersebut adalah AISI 4340 (setara  ASSAB 705).  Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan optimalisasi sifat mekanik pada material yang memiliki komposisi yang setara sesuai standart dengan metode perlakuan panas. Proses perlakuan panas yang digunakan yaitu quenching  dengan  temperatur 860 0C, waktu penahanan 40 menit dan variasi media pendingin yang digunakan berupa air garam, oli SAE 40, dan air PDAM. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian sifat mekanik yaitu pengujian kekerasan dan pengujian keausan. Dari hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa media pendingin mempengaruhi sifat mekanik material. Quenching dengan menggunakan media pendingin air garam menghasilkan kekerasan teringgi sebesar 547,01 VHN dan keausan terendah sebesar 4,11152x10-9 mm2/kg Dengan meningkatnya sifat mekanik tersebut nantinya dapat mengurangi kerusakan pada poros. Kata Kunci : Baja AISI 4340, Quenching, Sifat mekanik
Analisis Kinerja Mesin Crimping dengan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness Ciptadi Tatag Tur Raharja; Deri Teguh Santoso; Rizal Hanifi; Nanang Burhan
TRAKSI Vol 21, No 2 (2021): TRAKSI
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/traksi.21.2.2021.%p

Abstract

Wire harness is one of the main components in motorized vehicles that serves to transmit electric current and signals to motorized vehicles. The crimping machine is a tool used to connect or unite cables with terminals and is also the initial stage in the wire harness production process. Based on the above background, this research is focused on the flow of the wire harness and crimping machine production process to analysed the effectiveness of their performance using the OEE (Overall Effectiveness Equipment) method. The function of this OEE method is to measure engine effectiveness based on three main ratios, namely availability, performance efficiency, and rate of product quality. The OEE method is also inseparable from the six big losses because to be able to find out where the biggest losses are in a production process. The results of the analysis that have been carried out obtained an average value of 93% availability, 98.32% performance efficiency, and 99.77% rate of product quality. The OEE value was obtained at 91.23% and the largest loss was obtained in the setup and adjustment losses section, which was 4.76%. The cause is the factor of human negligence in carrying out machine maintenance and the machine factor because the service life has exceeded the limit which causes the machine to be easily damaged.
Penerapan Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) Untuk Perawatan Mesin Twin Screw Extruder Sofian Bastuti; Rini Alfatiyah; Riki Effendi
TRAKSI Vol 21, No 2 (2021): TRAKSI
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/traksi.21.2.2021.%p

Abstract

The industrial sector is currently increasingly competitive and intensively developed through increasingly sophisticated technology. One of the factors supporting the effectiveness and efficiency of production is the engine, so that engine performance needs to be maximized. PT. Nirwana Internar Jaya is a company engaged in the manufacture of pipes using a twin screw extruder machine. The machine does production continuously, so it does not rule out the possibility of downtime. This study aims to determine the optimal maintenance action and determine the maintenance time interval on the twin screw extruder machine using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method. The results obtained are that it can reduce the downtime of the twin screw extruder machine from 72.5 hours to 27.5 hours by performing maintenance on heating control system components with maintenance time intervals of 155.15 hours or 7 days, motor cooling fan 739.02 hours or 31 days and blower/fan components with maintenance intervals of 828.08 hours or 35 days. Condition monitoring measures also need to be taken to reduce disturbances that can hinder production activities.
Studi Eksperimental Desain Kontraksi Wind Tunnel Bentuk Nosel Chamber Positif & Negatif Sigit Budi Hartono
TRAKSI Vol 21, No 2 (2021): TRAKSI
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/traksi.21.2.2021.%p

Abstract

Penelitian ini membandingkan desain kontraksi wind tunnel dengan bentuk nosel chamber positif dan negative dengan beberapa parameter yang diteliti yaitu pengaruh geometri kontraksi Wind Tunnel yang berbentuk nosel chamber positif dan negatif, karakteristik medan aliran (velocity dan pressure) dari aliran, berapa nilai intensitas turbulen aliran udara. Desain Wind Tunnel pada tahap awal akan dilakukan modeling dengan simulasi komputer, yang berguna sebagai permodelan desain bentuk dan geometri yang paling baik dan optimal, dengan tinjauan berbagai aspek dan parameter aerodinamika sesuai dengan kebutuhan penelitian, sehingga bagian-bagian utama terowongan angin seperti, honey comb, kontraksi, seksi uji, diffuser dan fan isap, akan dirancang memenuhi aspek aerodinamis. Studi eksperimental dilakukan untuk melihat dan mengidentifikasi fenomena aspek aerodinamis, dengan menggunakan model nosel bentuk chamber positif dan negatif yang berukuran skalatis dan dilakukan di dalam Wind Tunnel. Ujicoba dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen pada wind tunnel  pada tiga tingkat variasi kecepatan, yaitu; kecepatan rendah 4 m/s, kecepatan sedang 8 m/s dan kecepatan tinggi 12 m/s, menggunakan visualisai gambar dan dikombinasikan dengan pengukuran data variasi kecepatan aliran udara, agar dapat menghasilkan aliran kecepatan angin pada kisaran minimum dan maksimum di bagian seksi uji Wind Tunnel (rata-rata 0,5 ~ 8 m/s). pada nilai intensitas turbulensi yang paling rendah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum bentuk kontraksi nosel camber (-) memiliki performasi yang lebih baik pada kecepatan 6 m/s ke atas, karena luas area up-stream dan down stream yang sama sehingga selisih kecepatan yang dihasilkan dari kedua model uji menjadi sama, walaupun dengan nilai kecepatan hasil yang berebeda pada kecepatan input yang sama, di daerah up stream dan down stream terjadi ketidak seragaman kecepatan aliran, sehingga hasil ini menunjukan bahwa karakter aliran yang dihasilkan pada nosel (+) membentuk aliran yang tidak seragam kecepatannya dan Nosel (-) variasi kecepatan alirannya lebih seragam, ini menunjukkan bahwa karakter aliran yang dihasilkan pada nosel (-) lebih baik bila dibandingkan nosel (+).-------This study compares the design of wind tunnel contractions with positive and negative chamber nozzles with several parameters studied, namely the effect of wind tunnel contraction geometry in the form of positive and negative chamber nozzles, flow field characteristics (velocity and pressure) of the flow, what is the value of the turbulent intensity of air flow. In the early stages of the Wind Tunnel design, modeling with computer simulation will be carried out, which is useful as the best and optimal modeling of the shape and geometry design, with a review of various aspects and aerodynamic parameters according to research needs, so that the main parts of the wind tunnel such as honey comb, contraction, test section, diffuser, and suction fan, will be designed according to aerodynamic aspects, using a nozzle model of positive and negative chamber shapes with scalar size and carried out in the Wind Tunnel. The experiment was conducted using an experimental method in a wind tunnel at three levels of speed variation, namely; low speed 4 m/s, medium speed 8 m/s, and high speed 12 m/s, using image visualization and combined with measurement of airflow velocity variation data, to produce wind speed flow in the minimum and maximum range in the Wind test section. Tunnel (average 0.5 ~ 8 m/s) at the lowest turbulence intensity value. The results of this study indicate that in general, the contraction form of the chamber nozzle (-) has better performance at speeds of 6 m/s and above because the upstream and down-stream areas are the same so that the difference in velocity resulting from the two test models is the same, although with different results velocity values at the same input speed, in the upstream and downstream areas there is a non-uniform flow velocity, so this result shows that the flow character generated at the nozzle (+) forms a flow that is not uniform in speed and the nozzle (-) the variation of flow velocity is more uniform, this indicates that the flow characteristics produced at the (-) nozzle are better than the (+) nozzle.

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