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Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published by Popular Scientist Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 3089722X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.70028/dcea
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Earth & Planetary Sciences Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture is an international, peer-reviewed, gold open-access journal. It covers both natural and man-made events that severely affect infrastructure, buildings, and the environment. The journal emphasizes the importance of resilient design, thorough planning, and effective management to reduce loss of life, economic damage, and societal disruption. Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture is dedicated to providing a rapid publication platform for impactful research worldwide. The journal upholds the quality and integrity of published work through a rigorous peer-review process. Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture invites submissions of research papers, case reports, and review studies. The journal is published twice a year, in April and October. Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture features an Editorial Board composed of specialists across various fields, ensuring that reviews are prompt, fair, and conducted by experts in all relevant sub-disciplines of the journal.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 23 Documents
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Green and Resilient: Strategies for Next-Generation Infrastructure Munirwan, Reza Pahlevi; Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah; Mohd Taib, Aizat
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 2 No. 1: April 2025
Publisher : Popular Scientist

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70028/dcea.v1i2.38

Abstract

We are pleased to announce the second edition of the Disasters in Civil Engineering and Architecture journal. The pursuit of sustainable and resilient infrastructure continues to be a key focus in the fields of civil engineering and architecture. The second volume features recent studies that explore innovative and eco-friendly approaches in pavement and geotechnical engineering, address structural challenges, tsunami disaster and provide insights into seismic analysis.
Assessment of Traffic-Induced Noise Pollution in Dhaka City: A Case Study of Twenty Urban Locations Nath abhi, Abhijit; Islam, Rashedul; Rafid, Md. Mosfiqur Rahman; Kabir, Nafi Md. Abrar
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 2 No. 2: October 2025
Publisher : Popular Scientist

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70028/dcea.v2i2.40

Abstract

This study examines the extent of noise pollution resulting from vehicular traffic across twenty strategically selected commercial and residential locations within Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data collection was conducted during afternoon peak hours (5:00 PM and 8:00 PM) using mobile-based sound meter applications in conjunction with manual classified traffic volume counts. The analysis indicates that noise levels at the majority of surveyed sites exceeded the permissible thresholds established by the World Health Organization. Notably, commercial zones exhibited particularly high average noise levels, reaching up to 76 dB(A), with Technical Mor and Mirpur-10 among the most affected areas. Although residential zones recorded comparatively lower levels, they too surpassed recommended noise standards. A strong positive correlation was identified between traffic volume and elevated sound pressure levels (SPL), emphasizing the critical need for effective urban noise mitigation measures. This paper underscores the importance of implementing updated traffic management policies, enhancing urban green infrastructure, regulating the use of vehicle horns, and fostering public awareness to address the escalating issue of traffic-induced noise pollution in Dhaka.
Experimental Investigation of the Ratio Between the Tensile Strength and Yield Stress of Reinforcing Bar Islam, Md. Munirul; Nafiuzzaman, Md.; Chayon, Md. Mushfiqur Rahman; Sinthia, Tahia Rahman; Montasir, Shahriar
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 2 No. 2: October 2025
Publisher : Popular Scientist

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70028/dcea.v2i2.55

Abstract

Steel is an iron alloy with additional carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance. Reinforcing steel, also known as rebar, is a steel bar that’s added to concrete to strengthen it. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the tensile strength-to-yield stress (TS/YS) ratio and its implications for the ductility and performance of steel in structural applications, with a particular focus on earthquake-resistant design. Ductility is essential for preventing structural collapse during extreme events. The (TS/YS) ratio is crucial for structural systems expected to endure strain-hardening range stresses. The relevance of this ratio in the design of buildings and bridges is emphasized, especially regarding ductile elements and stress concentrations. Building codes, including the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC 2020) and the American Concrete Institute (ACI) 318M-14, mandate that the (TS/YS) ratio exceed 1.25, and guarantee adequate inelastic rotation capacity in structural members. This experimental investigation broadly evaluates Grades 40, 60, and 72.5 rebars with different diameters of 12 mm, 16 mm, and 20 mm, providing insights into the variation of TS/YS ratios across a broad strength spectrum to ensure structural reliability and optimize material selection. The results show that despite of higher yield stress of 72.5 grade bar (86 ksi), 60 grade bar shows better TS/YS ratio of 1.55. Elongation rates remained within acceptable limits for both 60 and 40 grade bar which is 21%, although the 72.5-grade rebar exhibited slightly lower elongation. Displacement-controlled tensile tests captured full stress-strain curves, indicating that the 60-grade rebar outperformed the others, particularly at the 16 mm diameter. Necking and complete cup-cone failure is found for 12 mm rebars. Overall, this experiment supports the feasibility of utilizing higher-grade rebars, especially Grade 60, in special structural systems to enhance ductility and performance during seismic events.
Development of Arduino Based Intelligent Traffic Control System for Intersections in Akure, Nigeria Bolaji, Reuben Ayodeji; Aderinola, Olumuyiwa Samson; Oladipo, Moses Ariyo; Oguntelure, Temitope Elizabeth; Abanire, Michael Oluwagbenga; Bolaji, Joshua Imoleayo
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 2 No. 2: October 2025
Publisher : Popular Scientist

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70028/dcea.v2i2.57

Abstract

Traffic congestion at urban intersections remains a major challenge, causing delays, fuel waste, economic losses, and environmental pollution. Conventional traffic control systems are limited by fixed signal timing and their inability to adapt to real-time traffic demand. This study proposes an Arduino-based Intelligent Traffic Control System (ITCS) that integrates infrared sensors with Arduino Uno microcontroller to detect actual vehicle flow and adaptively allocate right of way. Applied to the Araromi intersection, simulation results showed that the ITCS introduced two key innovations of gapping out and maxing out. Unnecessary delays on low-demand approaches during off-peak periods were eliminated, while green times were extended till maximum only when queued vehicles were detected during peak hours. These features ensured efficient traffic discharge and reduced congestion. The optimized signal cycle was 80 seconds, with the main street (east–west approaches) operating on green, red, and amber times of 40, 35, and 5 seconds, respectively, while the minor street (north approach) operated on 30, 45, and 5 seconds, respectively. The findings indicated that reducing unnecessary waiting times significantly lowers fuel consumption, emissions, and economic costs. Moreover, cost analysis revealed that the ITCS can be implemented with a low budget, making it scalable for other intersections and adaptable to developing countries. By combining affordability, adaptability, and environmentally friendly operation, the proposed ITCS offers a practical and innovative solution for improving urban traffic management.
Evaluating the Effects of Travel Time and Cost on Mode Choice in Transportation System Ruslan; Rachman, Firmansyah; Abdullah, Zulfhazli
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 2 No. 2: October 2025
Publisher : Popular Scientist

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70028/dcea.v2i2.59

Abstract

Mode choice in transportation is influenced by factors such as comfort, safety, travel time, cost, and reliability, with most commuters in Banda Aceh preferring private vehicles due to flexibility and efficiency. Travel time and travel cost are identified as major barriers preventing people from switching to public transport, which is often considered less attractive. While studies abroad examine elasticity from multiple perspectives, research in Indonesia has mainly focused on vehicle attributes. The objective of this paper is to analyze the elasticity of travel time and travel cost for users of private vehicles and public transportation. The study employs a binary probit model to estimate elasticity values, utilizing data from a Stated Preference survey of transportation users. The results show that both trip attributes and individual characteristics significantly influence transport mode choice. Longer travel distances, higher travel time, and increased operating costs raise the likelihood of choosing public transport, while being male and having higher education also increase the tendency to select it. Conversely, motorcycle ownership strongly favors private mode choice, and holding a valid driver’s license is an important determinant of travel behavior. The elasticity analysis further reveals that reducing travel and access times for the TransK bus could significantly increase its usage, while policies restricting private vehicle use, such as the odd-even system, may also encourage shifts toward public transport. The study concludes that mode choice in Banda Aceh is mainly driven by travel time, with TransK highly responsive to time improvements, while private vehicles dominate despite cost changes. Encouraging public transport use requires faster, more reliable bus services and restrictions on private vehicle advantages.
Seismic Performance Analysis of Buildings Strengthened with X-Bracing Systems under Dynamic Earthquake Loads Lathifah, Nur; Idroes, Imransyah; Hady, Munirul; Bunyamin, Bunyamin; Pramanda, Heru
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 2 No. 2: October 2025
Publisher : Popular Scientist

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70028/dcea.v2i2.64

Abstract

Indonesia, as an archipelagic country located within the Pacific Ring of Fire, has a high level of vulnerability to earthquakes. However, many buildings in earthquake-prone regions have not yet been optimally reinforced against dynamic seismic loads, thereby posing risks to both safety and structural performance. This study analyzes the structural performance of the Cempaka Lima General Hospital building in Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia, using Simeulue earthquake data as the dynamic load. Simeulue Island experienced several major earthquakes, including the significant events in 2004 and 2012, which highlight the region’s high seismic vulnerability. The objective is to evaluate improvements in stiffness, stability, and seismic performance of the building after the application of X-bracing, and to compare these with its condition prior to reinforcement. The novelty of this research lies in the implementation of an X-bracing system in a hospital building located in a high seismic hazard zone, utilizing local earthquake data to yield more realistic results. The findings indicate that the axial force in the unbraced structure reached 20,714.6 kN, whereas after the addition of bracing it decreased to 20,616.33 kN. The largest base shear with bracing occurred on the first floor, at 6512.97 kN (X-direction) and 6497.5 kN (Y-direction). The maximum displacement without bracing was recorded on the fourth floor at 0.564 mm (X-direction), while in the braced structure the displacement was significantly reduced. The story drift values were also below the limit specified by the Indonesian National Standard, which is 2% of the story height, thus fulfilling seismic performance requirements. These results demonstrate that the use of X-bracing can significantly enhance structural stability and maintain the service performance of hospital buildings in earthquake-prone areas. 
Compressive Strength and Economic Evaluation of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by Recycled Aggregate Rabby, Abdul Awol; Bhuiyan, Imon Hasan; Aziz, Uzzal Al; Siddique , Md Hasan Imam; Amin, Md.Al; Abhi, Abhijit Nath
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 2 No. 2: October 2025
Publisher : Popular Scientist

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70028/dcea.v2i2.65

Abstract

The depletion of natural aggregates and the rising volume of construction and demolition waste have made sustainable alternatives in concrete production essential. Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) helps reduce landfill use and reliance on natural resources, but its variable quality raises concerns about structural reliability. Therefore, evaluating the balance between mechanical performance and economic feasibility is crucial for promoting sustainable construction. In this study, concrete mixes were designed with varying RCA replacement levels (0%, 50%, 70%, and 100%) compared to natural coarse aggregate (NCA). A controlled mix proportion of 1:1.5:3 (cement:sand:aggregate) with a water–cement ratio of 0.5 and 1% superplasticizer was employed. To ensure consistency, aggregates were classified into 19 mm (40%), 12.5 mm (30%), and 9.5 mm (30%) gradations. Cylindrical specimens (100 × 200 mm) were cast and cured, followed by compressive strength testing at 7, 14, and 28 days in accordance with ASTM C39. The total material cost for each mix was also computed on a per-cubic-meter basis to assess economic implications alongside strength performance. The results highlight a clear strength–cost trade-off. The control mix (100% NCA) achieved 26.5 MPa at 28 days, while the 50% RCA mix showed only a 3.92% reduction (25.5 MPa) with 18.4% lower cost. At 70% RCA, compressive strength dropped by 10.42% (24 MPa) with a 28.29% cost reduction, whereas 100% RCA replacement resulted in a severe 59.63% strength loss (16.5 MPa) despite maximum cost savings (49.07%). These findings establish 50% RCA + 50% NCA as the most rational compromise, offering structural adequacy with substantial cost efficiency, while also reinforcing RCA’s role in sustainable construction.
Integrating Flood Risk Management into Development Projects: A Conceptual Framework for Resilient Urban Planning Saad, Mohammad Syamsyul Hairi; Ali, Mohamad Idris; Razi, Putri Zulaiha; Ramli, Noram Irwan; Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 2 No. 2: October 2025
Publisher : Popular Scientist

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70028/dcea.v2i2.68

Abstract

Flood risk is an increasingly critical concern in urban development as the frequency and severity of floods escalate due to climate change and intensified economic activities. Despite extensive studies on flood risk management (FRM), a significant gap persists in practical frameworks that systematically integrate FRM principles across the entire lifecycle of development projects. To address this gap, this study conducted a scoping review of 27 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024, retrieved from Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Using a thematic analysis approach, four major themes were identified: (1) the risk–hazard model, (2) risk assessment theory, (3) project lifecycle theory, and (4) risk management theory. These themes were synthesized to develop a unified conceptual framework that embeds FRM throughout project planning, design, implementation, and operation. The proposed framework emphasizes early risk identification, continuous stakeholder engagement, adaptive management, and interdisciplinary collaboration, enabling proactive integration of FRM into development processes. This novel approach aligns flood resilience with broader urban sustainability and planning objectives, offering a practical tool for policymakers, project managers, and urban planners. Future research should focus on empirical validation and contextual adaptation of the framework across diverse socio-economic and geographical settings to enhance its global applicability.
Understanding the Correlation Between Boredom Proneness Induced Sleepiness and Microsleep Events Among Drivers Mauladea, Faiza; Darma, Yusria; M Saleh, Sofyan; Koting, Suhana
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 2 No. 2: October 2025
Publisher : Popular Scientist

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70028/dcea.v2i2.71

Abstract

Driving is a crucial daily activity that requires high concentration to ensure safety on road. One of the factors contributing to traffic accidents is the phenomenon of microsleep, a brief involuntary sleep episode that can disrupt a driver’s alertness. In Indonesia, particularly in Province of Aceh, traffic accident rates remain relatively high. The Banda Aceh-Medan Road segment is one of the areas with the highest traffic accident rate in Aceh Province. This highlights the importance of the research. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of microsleep among drivers in Aceh Province, specifically focusing on the ease of falling asleep that was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Whilst, the boredom was measured using the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS). Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 310 drivers who had travelled the Banda Aceh - Medan route, both on expressways and national road. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method was used to examine the relationships between the exogenous latent variables (boredom level and sleepiness) and the endogenous latent variable (frequency of microsleep). The model indicates there were relationship between three main latent variables. Boredom Proneness (BP) has a significant positive effect on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) with an estimate coefficient of 0.329 (p < 0.001). BP also positively affected Microsleep (MS) with an estimate of 0.242, and the ESS positively influenced the MS with a coefficient of 0.191, respectively. The overall model demonstrated acceptable statistical quality with RMSEA = 0.079, GFI = 0.850, AGFI = 0.813, and CFI = 0.842, indicating a marginal to good fit. However, this study is limited by its cross-sectional and self-reported design, suggesting future research should apply experimental or physiological approaches to better capture driver fatigue dynamics.
Integrated Evaluation of Urban Transportation, Structural Performance, Environmental Impacts, and Human Safety in Developing Cities Reza Pahlevi Munirwan; Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah; Aizat Mohd Taib
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 2 No. 2: October 2025
Publisher : Popular Scientist

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70028/dcea.v2i2.79

Abstract

The Editorial Board is pleased to present Volume 2, Number 2 (October 2025) of the Disasters in Civil Engineering and Architecture journal. This volume two presents an integrated evaluation of urban transportation systems, structural performance, environmental impacts, and human safety in the context of developing cities. It synthesizes key findings from traffic noise assessment, intelligent traffic control, travel behavior analysis, and driver alertness to understand transportation efficiency and safety challenges. Structural investigations on reinforced concrete, recycled aggregate concrete, and seismic strengthening systems are examined to evaluate infrastructure resilience and economic viability. Environmental and disaster-related dimensions, including urban noise exposure and flood risk management, are also addressed to highlight sustainability concerns. By combining engineering performance, environmental quality, and human factors, this work provides a multidisciplinary perspective to support safer, more resilient, and sustainable urban development in rapidly growing cities.

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