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Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 02169347     EISSN : 23380772     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
JKB contains articles from research that focus on basic medicine, clinical medicine, epidemiology, and preventive medicine (social medicine).
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 822 Documents
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Restraint Stress Impacts on Behavioral Changes and Adrenal and Kidney Tissue Histopathology of Adult Mice Davy Reyhanditya; Viona Faiqoh Hikmawati; Nia Kurnianingsih; Fatchiyah Fatchiyah
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 32 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2022.032.01.1

Abstract

Restraint stress causes changes in the brain parameters. Little research has been done on the impact of restraint stress on other tissues, including adrenal glands and kidneys. This study aimed to determine the effect of restraint stress on eating behaviors, depressive-like, anxiety-like behaviors, weight gain as well as histopathological changes in the kidneys and adrenal glands. Twenty adult BALB/c mice were assigned into control male, stressed male, control female, and stressed female. Restraint stress was applied two hours/day for 14 days. Tail suspension and open field tests were carried out to perform behavior analyses. Adrenal and kidney histological slides were observed under an Olympus CX-31 microscope and visualized using an Olympus E330 camera. The two-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis using GraphPad Prism 9.0.0 software. We found that restraint stress defeat appetite and reduces weight gain particularly in stressed female. However, depressive- and anxiety-like behavior were demonstrated in both sexes. Adrenal and kidney tissues of stressed mice demonstrated a higher number of necrotic cells than control. The pyknosis phase was more common than the karyorrhexis and karyolitic phases. Interestingly, male mice were more receptive to stress than female mice. These findings indicate that restraint stress leads to behavioral changes and cellular defects in the adrenal glands and kidneys, particularly in male mice. The sympathetic activation and hypothalamus-pituitary-axis stimulation are assumed as the underlying stress effect of the restraint procedure. The restraint stress method has the potential to be used in future research on stress-responsive target organs.
Relationship between Nutritional Status, Frailty, and Cognitive Function among Elderly at Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh General Hospital Banjarmasin Wiwit Agung Sri Nur Cahyawati; Roselina Panghiyangani; Muhammad Syauqi Abid Muslim; Novia Belinda Rahman
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 32 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2022.032.01.10

Abstract

The elderly often have nutritional problems. The risk of malnutrition can stimulate the prevalence of frailty and declining cognitive function in the elderly. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional status, frailty, and cognitive function in the elderly at Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Hospital Banjarmasin. This study was analytic observational using a cross-sectional method. A sample of 93 elderly was obtained using a total sampling technique according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The nutritional status assessment was done using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), the Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The results showed that the mean of Mini Nutritional Assessment score was 12.00±2.126, the average frailty score was 4.41±1.872, and the average value of cognitive function was 25.98±2.923. Data were analyzed using the Spearman's non-parametric correlation test with a 95% confidence level. The correlation test results between nutritional status and frailty obtained p=0.000 and r=-0.490. The correlation test results between nutritional status and cognitive function obtained p=0.000 and r=0.595. In short, there is a relationship between nutritional status on frailty and cognitive function in the elderly at Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh General Hospital Banjarmasin, it means that the good nutritional status in the elderly, the risk of frailty syndrome will decrease and improve cognitive function.
Effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid Nasal Drops in Post Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Dian Yusnita; Anna Mailasari Kusuma Dewi; Riece Hariyati
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 32 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2022.032.01.5

Abstract

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is commonly performed on patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) that has not improved through medical treatment. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has a vital role in wound healing and mucosa repair. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nasal drops using HA on clinical symptom scores, quality of life, and endoscopic features in post-FESS patients. This study was conducted with a pre- and post-test randomized control group design in 50 CRS patients undergoing FESS (25 males, 25 females, aged 18 to 55 years) at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical Center Semarang from May to November 2019. The treatment group received additional HA therapy, while the control group only received standard therapy. Subjects were assessed with clinical symptom scores, quality of life, and endoscopic features before and after treatment. The statistical analysis was performed between the control and treatment groups using the Mann-Whitney test. There were significant differences between the control and treatment groups on clinical symptom scores (nasal congestion p = 0.001, runny nose p = 0.027) and endoscopic features (edema p = 0.001, secret p = 0.001, crusts p = 0.001). The therapy in post-FESS patients was using nasal drops, the treatment group was given HA, and the control group was given a placebo. Nasal drops using HA in the treatment group show improvement in clinical symptom scores of nasal congestion and runny nose, as well as the endoscopic appearance of edema, secret, and crusts.
Predictor Factor for Severity Degree of Pediatric Hydronephrosis in Tertiary Hospital Hamdan Yuwafi Naim; Besut Daryanto; Pradana Nurhadi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 32 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2022.032.02.6

Abstract

Pediatric hydronephrosis is often hideous, and its severity highly correlates with a significantly increased incidence of pathological condition and outcome. The management of this disease is based on the severity level by identifying the clinical manifestation, so performing an early detection is crucial to prevent the disease progression. This research aimed to determine the predictor factors for the severity degree of pediatric hydronephrosis to give better treatments for patients. This study retrospectively reported 51 data of hydronephrosis cases that were collected from January 2012 to August 2019. Severity degree was evaluated using SFU (Society of Fetal Urology) scoring system and divided into two groups, mild-moderate (first and second degree) and moderate-severe (third and fourth degree). Data including age, gender, number of kidneys affected, etiology, and antenatal care were collected and statistically analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square and Fischer Exact test. The research result from 51 pediatric patients, 72.55% were categorized as moderate-severe hydronephrosis while the remaining 27.45% were categorized ad mild-moderate hydronephrosis. Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) stenosis (37.25%) is the most common cause of pediatric hydronephrosis. Significant correlations are noted among severity degree and gender, the number of kidneys affected, etiology, and chosen antenatal care between obstetrician-gynecologist and midwife (p<0.05). In short, gender, number of kidneys affected, etiology, patient's choice on antenatal care can be the predictor factors for pediatric hydronephrosis. Thus, these findings are essential for urologists in pediatric hydronephrosis management.
Relationship of Depression and Sleep Quality among North Jakarta Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic Annabella Naida Tanusetiawan; Surilena Surilena; Nelly Tina Widjaja; Dharmady Agus
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 32 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2022.032.01.9

Abstract

Medical students with high academic load have had elevated baseline rates of depression and poor sleep quality. During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students are more susceptible to depression and poor sleep quality. This study aimed to analyze depression and sleep quality among medical students at the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia (FKIK UAJ) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pre-clinical and clinical students of FKIK UAJ academic year 2020/2021. Respondents were selected through proportional systematic random sampling to fulfill the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for depression and sleep quality. The data were analyzed using Mann Whitney U-Test. There were 63.3% of 635 respondents with depression, in which 39.4% respondents had mild depression, 14.2% respondents with moderate depression, and 9.8% respondents with severe depression. There were 59,2% of respondents with poor sleep quality. Depression was highest in females (67.2%) and pre-clinical stage of 2020 intake year (74.6%), and among clinical level students of 2018 (56%) and 2019 (53.9%) intake year. Poor sleep quality was also highest in females (62.8%) and pre-clinical 2020 intake year (69.8%), and among clinical level students of 2018 (53%) and 2019 (51.9%) intake year. The Mann-Whitney U-test showed a significant difference between depression level and sleep quality in pre-clinical and clinical students of FKIK UAJ during the COVID-19 pandemic (p value=0.000). Depression and sleep quality among medical students of FKIK UAJ during the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated.
Evaluation of the Antifertility Effect and Toxicity of Areca nut as Oral Contraceptive: Study on Male Rats Ave Olivia Rahman; Hasna Dewi; Billi Brian Geniro; Easti Vishiara Amdely
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 32 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2022.032.01.3

Abstract

Currently, very few male contraceptive methods are available. Areca nuts are known to have an antifertility effect, but the effective, safe dose is not certainly known. Data on its effectiveness and safety are needed to develop the potential of the areca nuts as an herbal contraceptive in men. This study determines the antifertility effect of areca nut administration at doses of 40, 30, and 20 mg/kgBW and their safety on the kidneys and liver. The green-colored raw areca nuts were used. The treatment groups were male rats whose fertility status was known before treatment. The control group were given distilled water. The treatment were given one dose a daily dissolved for 28 days of treatment, then male rats were bred again. Rats were terminated for histopathological examination of liver, kidneys, testes, and for analysis of spermatozoa. The administration of areca nuts caused a decreasing number of litters, but only the group given 40 mg/kgBW dose had a significant decrease (p<0.05). There were a damaged testes, a decreasing number and motility of spermatozoa as well as increasing spermatozoa abnormalities. There were no changes in liver tissue, but there was a mild grade cast in kidney tissue. Areca nut have antifertility effect in male rats with dose dependent manner, histopathological examination revealed cast nephotoxic but not hepatotoxic.
Effect of Simvastatin on Eosinophilic Inflammation of Bladder Tissue in Interstitial Cystitis Rat Model Muhamad Nur Syukriani Yusuf; Abdi Dzul Ikram Hasanuddin; Zuhriana K Yusuf; Trinny Tuna; Nurani Ibrahim; Marshanda Tiara Posumah; Ridho Tianggara
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 32 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2022.032.02.1

Abstract

In the urogenital system, simvastatin is associated with interstitial cystitis adverse effects, but the exact mechanism is not yet clearly defined. This study aims to determine the effect of simvastatin on eosinophilic inflammation of bladder tissue in vivo. Laboratory experimental research design with the post-test only control group using 24 female Wistar rats aged 8-10 weeks were randomly divided into simvastatin 50mg/kg BW (n=12) or placebo carboxymethylcellulose 0.5% (n=12). All groups received treatment through oral gavage for thirty days. After that, each group was divided equally into three subgroups: control rat, day 0 Interstitial Cystitis (IC) rat (IC0), and day 3 IC rat (IC3). Control or IC0 rats each received intravesical instillation of buffered saline or protamine sulfate (PS), respectively, and were terminated immediately less than 3 hours after instillation. The IC3 rats received intravesical PS instillation and were terminated three days post-instillation. The bladder tissue was made in Hematoxylin-Eosin histology preparations. As in previous studies, the results showed successful desquamation of the urothelium after PS instillation. Tissue eosinophil counts were significantly higher in the simvastatin group than in the placebo group in the IC3 model (15.50±5.92 vs. 4.00±2.83, p=0.013). It can be concluded that the mechanism of the adverse effect of simvastatin on bladder tissue is through increased tissue inflammation mediated by eosinophils along with urothelial layer destruction by the protamine sulfate.
Effect of Simvastatin Administration on ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) Level in Wistar Rat's Femur Fracture Hery Susilo; Edi Mustamsir; Wanda Gusta Rai
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 32 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2022.032.02.2

Abstract

Metabolism of the bone healing process can be monitored by Bone formation marker, such as alkaline phosphate (ALP). Simvastatin is known to increase bone marker formation in the repair phase, but its effects on the ALP level have not been known yet. This study aimed to determine the effect of oral simvastatin administration on the expression of ALP level in femur fracture healing in a rat model of femur fracture. The research method was experimental post-test only using 18 Rattus norvegicus rats which were divided into 3 groups, namely the control group for femur fracture (Control), femoral fracture group and giving simvastatin 0.36 mg/day for 2 weeks (Treatment I), and femur fracture group and administration of simvastatin 0.36 mg/day for 4 weeks (Treatment II). ALP levels were measured at 0, 2, and 4 weeks. The results showed an increase in ALP levels in the simvastatin treatment group compared to the control group (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the administration of simvastatin increased ALP levels in rat femoral fractures.
46 XX Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) after Clitoroplasty, Labioplasty, and Vaginoplasty Rahmat Husein; Besut Daryanto; Paksi Satyagraha; Pradana Nurhadi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 32 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2022.032.02.9

Abstract

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the most common cause (60%) of Disorder of Sex Development (DSD), which causes three problems: symptoms and conditions arising due to adrenal endocrine disorders, long-term treatment, and quality of life due to genital ambiguity. An 18-year-old female patient was diagnosed with simple virilizing CAH and had genital ambiguity from birth. The patient was raised as a male. Overall, the examination results indicated a female. Physical examination before surgery showed virilization, such as external genital pigmentation, precocious pubic hair, and bilateral impalpable testis. The karyotype genetic examination confirmed female: 46, XX. Eventually, the patient decided as a female and underwent surgical management consisting of clitoroplasty, labioplasty, and vaginoplasty, followed by long-term corticosteroid therapy. Observations were made for three years after surgery to see the progress of the patient's condition. After undergoing glucocorticoid therapy and surgery, the patient had not experienced menstruation. Her breasts did not enlarge, and mustache and beard were still growing on her face. The patient was concerned about her condition, especially about the risk of infertility and inappropriate physical changes. The management of virilization in CAH with genital ambiguity should be seen from psychological and surgical perspectives. Understanding the disease, the goals of surgery, long-term treatment, and social adaptation help improve quality of life and reduce negative stigma.
Antioxidant Properties of TeNan Herbal Tea Formulation “Telang (Clitoria ternatea) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus)” Wahyu Widowati; Teresa Liliana Wargasetia; Meganita Marthania; Tazkia Salma Hanifa; Teddy Marcus Zakaria; Michael Sebastian Gunadi; Natanael Halim; Sheryl Santiadi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 32 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2022.032.02.3

Abstract

Herbal teas was are widely consumed by people around the world have high antioxidant activities. The flavor and color combination of specific teas enriches the aroma and appearance of the tea, producing a tea with fresh color and tastier flavor. This study determines the antioxidant activity of telang flower tea (Clitoria ternatea), pineapple tea (Ananas comosus), and the formula of the combination of telang flower tea and pineapple tea called TeNan. The antioxidant activities of herbal teas were measured by 2,2 Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. The total phenol measurement used Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE), while the flavonoid content measurement used Quercetin Equivalent (QE). The DPPH scavenging activities of telang flower tea, pineapple tea, and TeNan tea (IC50: 17.07%, 11.81%, and 22.22%), H2O2 scavenging activities (IC50: 26.62%, 41.81%, and 96.22%), ABTS-reducing activities (IC50: 2.51%, 3.39%, and 1.02%), and FRAP activities (IC50: 5.56%, 18.67%, and 7.48%). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of TeNan tea were lower (9.44 μg GAE/100%; 3.46 μg QAE/100% sample concentration) than those of telang flower tea (16.20 μg GAE/100%; 4.88 μg QAE/100% sample concentration) but higher than those of pineapple tea (0.82 μg GAE/100%; 0.17 μg QAE/100% sample concentration). TeNan tea has the higher in ABTS and FRAP activities but lower in H2O2 and DPPH scavenging activities compared to telang flower tea and pineapple tea. In summary, telang tea has stronger antioxidant activity compared to pineapple and TeNan tea in FRAP and H2O2 assays.

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