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Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya

jkb
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Published by Universitas Brawijaya

ISSN : 02169347 EISSN : 23380772 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

JKB contains articles from research that focus on basic medicine, clinical medicine, epidemiology, and preventive medicine (social medicine).

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)

Articles 782 Documents

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Non-pharmacological Randomised Control Trial: Green Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Water to Reduce Dysmenorrhea Pain Nugroho, Fajar Ari; Putri, Oktaviana Manda; Sariati, Yuseva
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2020.031.01.11

Dysmenorrhea is a common cause of pain in young women. The discomfort of dysmenorrhea causes unstable emotions, sleep disturbances, diet changes, and increased stress and depression that can degrade women quality of life. This non-pharmacological Randomized Controlled Trial aimed to obtain the optimal dose of green coconut water as a magnesium source for reducing dysmenorrhea pain. Twenty-one participants divided into three groups. Treatment group 1 obtained 330 ml of green coconut water, treated group 2 obtained 165 ml of green coconut water, and the control group obtained 330 ml of mineral water where each dose repeated three times every 4 hours. VAS questionnaire used to measure the value of pain intensity before and after administration. The 330 ml green coconut water dose is the effective dose compared to control (VAS=4.14, p=0.000), while another dose has a weak effect (VAS=1.86, p=0.124). This finding proves that green coconut water can be a non-pharmacological alternative in handling dysmenorrhea pain.

Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) Leaf Ethanol Extract Reduces Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in Aspirin-Induced Gastritis Rats Sari, Festi Artika; Sandhika, Willy; Yuliawati, Tri Hartini
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Gastritis is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Tulsi leaf extract has phenol, flavonoid and saponin compounds which are potential as antioxidant and increase defensive factors in the gastric. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extract in polymorphonuclear (PMN) inflammatory cell infiltration in gastric of aspirin-induced gastritis rat model. This study was laboratory experimental research using post-test only control group design. Randomly, 27 male rats were divided into 3 groups, the first group was not induced by aspirin and extract as negative control, the second group was induced by aspirin of 600 mg/kgBW as positive control, and the third group was induced by aspirin of 600 mg/kgBW and was given Ocimum sanctum extract at a dose of 400 mg/kgBW as treatment group. Gastric of the rats were taken on 16th day for histopathology evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Evaluation was done by calculating the PMN inflammatory cell infiltration in mucosal and submucosal layer. The results of the average number of PMN inflammatory cell in the gastric tissue of the treatment group showed a significant decrease compared to the positive and negative control groups with P-value <0.05. This study proved that Ocimum sanctum leaf extract administration with the dose of 400 mg/kgBW can decrease gastritis inflammation by reducing PMN inflammatory cell in gastric of aspirin-induced gastritis rat model.

The Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) on Fetal Birth Weight in Preeclampsia Rat Model Silvani, Yulia; Maharani, Afniari; Lovita, Agnestia Naning Dian
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Preeclampsia, as one of the most common pregnancy-specific diseases, causes high maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality in almost every country. Placental vascular abnormalities in preeclamptic women can cause chronic hypoxia and impaired fetal nutrition, so fetal growth retardation often occurs. EVOO has strong antioxidant effect is assumed to prevent nutritional disorders in the fetus. This study aimed to determine the effect of EVOO on fetal birth weight in a preeclampsia rat model. This research was laboratory research conducted in vivo with a Post Test Only Control Group design which consisted of five groups; negative control group, positive control group (pre-eclampsia rat model), dose 1, 2, and 3 groups that were preeclampsia rats given EVOO in 3 different doses (0.5 mL/day, 1 mL/day and 2 mL/day respectively). Blood pressure and proteinuria measurements were carried out at the 12, 15 and 19 day of pregnancy. After sacrificed, fetal weight was measured immediately using analytical balance. The result of this study showed that there was a significant reduction of fetal weight between negative control and positive control group (p=0.020), meanwhile no significant differences among positive control, dose 1 and dose 2 group (p=0.90 and p=0.142) but statistically significant to dose 3 group (p=0.005). EVOO administration increases fetal weight in doses group by its AA and DHA in Long-Chain Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFA) within. The optimal dose of EVOO to increase fetal weight is 2 mL/day.

Iron Status of Newborns and Umbilical Cord Blood Hepcidin Levels in Gender Differences Santosa, Qodri; Soemantri, AG; Hadisaputro, Soeharyo; Soejoenoes, Ariawan
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Fetal gender might affect the iron status of newborns. Hepcidin has an important role in the process of maternofetal iron transport. This study aims to compare the newborn iron status and the umbilical cord hepcidin levels between male and female gender. A cross-sectional study was conducted with subjects of 84 clinically healthy newborns. Written informed consent and ethical approval were carried out. Newborn iron status observed included (i) hematologic markers (RBC count, Hb, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width), and (ii) biochemical markers (serum iron (SI), serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and cord blood hepcidin). Hematologic markers were checked using Sysmex, XN-1000, while Hepcidin and sTfR were using ELISA. Serum iron was checked using IRON FlexÂ®. Statistical analysis was tested with the independent t-test and the Mann-Whitney. All newborns and their mothers were in normal condition. The mean sTfR levels of newborns were significantly higher in the male group than females (38.3Â±9.06 vs. 34.3Â±8.16 nmol/L) with p=0.033. High sTfR levels reflect a low iron status. In conclusion, fetal gender differences influence the iron status of newborns, and male newborns have a potentially higher iron deficiency.

Analog Rice Reduces Weight and Total Cholesterol Levels in Overweight and Hypercholesterolemic Rats Dewantari, Septiarina Putri; Hairrudin, Hairrudin; Sakinah, Elly Nurus
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2020.031.01.2

Overweight, whose prevalence is increasing, is caused by unbalanced consumption patterns such as high consumption of fat and can trigger hypercholesterolemia. Analog rice (AR), which has better nutritional content than ordinary rice, is thought to have beneficial effects on health. This study aimed to determine the potential of analog rice in reducing body weight and total cholesterol levels. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, namely: I) control, II) ordinary rice treatment, III) analog rice 1 treatment (PBA1) and IV) analog rice 2 treatment (PBA2). The control group was given standard feed for 40 days ad libitum. Groups II, III, and IV were given a combination induction of high-fat diet (HFD) for 40 days ad libitum and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 35 mg/kg single dose on day 33. All groups were then given the treatment of diet for three weeks according to their respective groups, namely the standard, ordinary rice, analog rice 1, and analog rice 2 feed. Body weight and total cholesterol levels were measured in the pre-induction, post-induction/pre-treatment (pre-test), and post-treatment (post-test). The results of the study showed that the induction of the HFD-STZ combination carried out resulted in a significant increase in body weight and total cholesterol levels. Measurements made after dietary therapy showed that body weight and total cholesterol levels in the I and II groups did not change significantly, whereas those in the III and IV groups decreased significantly (p<0.05). This study concluded that the administration of analog rice could reduce body weight and total cholesterol levels in overweight and hypercholesterolemia rats.Â

Plasma Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Cholecystokinin Responses to Fast Food in Healthy-Weight and Obese Men Handayani, Dian; Putri, Dianita Setya Pradita; Sujuti, Hidayat; Andarini, Sri; Rahmawati, Widya; Kusumastuty, Inggita; Harti, Leny Budhi; Sabrina, Nindy
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Satiety hormones play a role in obesity metabolism. The satiety response to similar nutrients in food in healthy and obese men remains undefined. The research was aimed to determine the satiety response differences by comparing the effect of isocaloric fast-food consumption on reducing appetite-related gut hormones, such as glucagon-like fullness ratings and both GLP-1 and CCK among healthy and obese men. Respondents were given an isocaloric fast food, then GLP-1 and CCK levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Visual analogue scale (VAS) form was used for hunger and fullness ratings of the subjects. The difference level of GLP-1, CCK, and VAS between groups were measured by t-test. The correlation between VAS hunger and fullness rating was measured by Pearson. Plasma hormone levels in 16 obese and 16 healthy-weight respondents were assessed before eating and at 30, 60, and 120 minutes after consumption. In obese men, GLP-1 levels were significantly higher than those in healthy-weight men at 60 and 120 minutes, while healthy-weight men had significantly higher CCK levels than those of obese men over time (all p<0.05). The total area under the curve (AUC) for GLP-1 was significantly higher for obese men than for healthy-weight men, while the AUC for CCK was significantly higher for healthy-weight men than for obese men. Obese men have higher plasma GLP-1 levels and lower plasma CCK than healthy men indicates that those respondents were experiencing glucose intolerance and leptin alteration. The hormonal systems that may contribute to the development of obesity need further investigation.

Analysis of Cell Block and Cytology Specimen Preservation from Lung Aspiration Biopsy Poernomo, Adinda Sandya; Sandhika, Willy; Budipramana, Vicky Sumarki
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Cytology smear technique is often used in Indonesia because the process is safe, simple, easy, fast, and cost effective. At present, several studies have found that smears with cell block techniques are of better quality than smears with cytology smear techniques. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the cytology smear technique can produce adequate specimens compared to cell block towards results of lung Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB). Lung FNAB specimens were divided into two parts: one part was processed with cytology and the other part with cell block technique. The specimens were observed under a microscope to count the number of inflammatory cells and the number of artifacts. The numbers of inflammatory cells and artifacts were scored 0-3. The inflammatory cells consisted of neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells, also macrophages. The result showed no significant difference between the number of inflammatory cells in cytology and cell block (p neutrophils=0.543; p lymphocytes and plasma cells=0.192; p macrophages=0.487) in 38 samples. The artifact score comparison test result showed a significant difference between the number of artifacts in cytology and cell block (p=0.027) with more artifacts in cytology. The most common artifact in cytology was air bubble artifacts, while cell block was dominated by torn pieces artifacts. There was no significant difference between the number of inflammatory cells found in cytology and cell block techniques. Cell block technique has less artifacts than cytology, but artifacts found in cytology can be corrected so that the cytology smear technique is still an option.

The Effects of Thyme on IL-6 Level and the Bacterial Count in the Brain and Spleen of Mice Infected by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Prasetyowati, Lisayani; Sofro, Muchlis Achsan Adji; Farida, Helmia; Yulieta, Galuh
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2020.031.01.1

The extensive and irrational use of antibiotics causes resistance problems such as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Widespread bacterial resistance to the existing antibiotics promotes the importance of discovering antibacterial sources or modulating the immune response from natural ingredients. This study aimed to reveal the potential of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract in reducing IL-6 level and MRSA bacterial count in the brain and spleen of Balb c mice infected by MRSA. The design of this study was a randomized post-test control group. This study used 30 male BALB/c mice infected by MRSA and randomly divided into six groups. Measurement of IL-6 level was carried out using ELISA. The MRSA count was done by assessing the number of CFU per gram of tissue. There were no bacteria in the spleen tissue of all the groups. The IL-6 level in BALB/c mice infected with MRSA and treated with Thymus vulgaris was higher compared to those without Thymus vulgaris (p<0,005). The greatest decrease in microbial count in the brain was among groups that were given the combination of thyme and amoxicillin. Thymus vulgaris extract can elevate the antibacterial effectiveness of amoxicillin.Â

Correlation between Ultrasound Findings of Uric Acid Precipitate in MTP I and Acute Gout Flare in Gouty Arthritis SUSANTI, Elys; Ilyas, Muhammad; Idris, Nurlaily; Zainuddin, Andi Alfian; Murtala, Bachtiar; HP, Faridin
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2020.031.01.7

Acute gout flare is the most common manifestation of gouty arthritis that intermittently occurs with severe pain in the joints due to interactions between monosodium urate crystals (MSU) and the surrounding tissues. The most common predilection is the metatarsophalangeal joint (the 1st MTP). Ultrasound examination is a modality that can be used to visualize MSU crystal precipitates in and around joints. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the findings of the MSU crystal precipitate on the 1st MTP using ultrasound with the occurrence of acute gout flare in gout patients. This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional method. The samples were 41 patients with a history of previous acute flares and in the intercritical phase when participating in the study. Examinations of ultrasound on the 1st MTP and random serum uric acid level were performed. Evaluations were carried out on both of the 1st MTPs to assess the shape of the MSU crystalline precipitate, namely Double Contour Sign (DCS), aggregate, and tophus. Each sample was evaluated within five days to assess the presence or absence of an acute flare. The diagnostic tests used were the Chi-Square Test and the Fischer Exact Test with a significance value of p <0.05. The results showed the images of DCS were seen in 20 samples with 9 (45%) samples experiencing acute flare (p <0.05), while in 21 samples where no DCS were found, all did not experience any flare. Findings of aggregate and tophus were rarely found, 7.3% and 4.9%, respectively. In this study, the finding of DCS precipitates using ultrasound has a significant correlation to the emergence of acute flare and is a significant form of precipitate findings in this study, whereas aggregate and tophus precipitates are difficult to determine.

The Effect of Vitamin E Administration on Histopathological Description of Mice (Mus musculus) Liver ExposedÂ toÂ Mercuric Chloride Charisma, Acivrida Mega; Arianing, Intan Febiola
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Mercuric chloride may deposit in the liver with a high metabolic rate, delivering substrate and energy from one metabolic system to others, and processing and synthesizing various substances transported to the body. This research aimed to determine the effect of vitamin E administration on liver histopathology of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to mercuric chloride and to determine the histopathological image of the liver. Samples were grouped into P0 (not treated), P1 (mercuric chloride 50 mg/kgBW), P2 (mercuric chloride 50mg/kgBW + vitamin E 50mg/kgBW), P3 (mercuric chloride 50mg/kgBW + vitamin E 100mg/kgBW), and P4 (mercuric chloride 50mg/kgBW + vitamin E 150mg/kgBW) using experiment laboratory method. The data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA to recognize the difference in changes in vitamin E on hepatocytes damage exposed to mercury chloride. The results showed mercury chloride damages hepatocyte, while the administration of vitamin E as a whole showed changes in hepatocyte repair. The optimal dose for hepatocyte repair is 100mg/kgBW.Â

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