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Made Krisna Adi Jaya
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Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 23017694     EISSN : 23017708     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24843/JPSA.2025.v01.i01
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education, Social, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Other
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA) publishes high-quality original research articles, review articles, and short communications that contribute substantially to the advancement of knowledge in the field of pharmaceutical sciences and their applications. The journal welcomes interdisciplinary work that integrates basic and applied research relevant to drug discovery, development, and clinical use. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to: Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmaceutics Novel Drug Delivery Systems Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Research Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmaceutical Analysis Pharmacy Practice Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Community Pharmacy Cell Biology and Molecular Pharmacology Genomics, Proteomics, and Pharmacogenomics Bioinformatics and Biotechnology The journal is committed to disseminating impactful findings that enhance pharmaceutical knowledge and promote the development of safe, effective, and accessible therapies.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 82 Documents
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ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION: A REVIEW Ni Made Suastini; Iwan Saka Nugraha; Made Dwike Swari Santi
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Math and Sciences Faculty, Udayana Univerity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2023.v05.i02.p03

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of a global health problem. One of the comorbidities that often occurs in patients with type 2 DM is hypertension. Hypertension can increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. One of the causes of type 2 DM and hypertension is gut dysbiosis. An imbalance of gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to chronic inflammation and effects on the insulin action, increases insulin resistance, and leads to endothelial dysfunction. The role of this inflammatory mediator is a new therapeutic target in type 2 DM patients with hypertension. Objective: to describe how probiotic effect in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension. Methods: All articles were obtained by conducting an electronic search through Pubmed and Google Scholar. Results: Probiotics help to restore the balance of the gastrointestinal microbiota, produce anti-inflammatory mediators, and suppress the pro-inflammatory mediators to control the glycemic profile and blood pressure of patients with type 2 DM with hypertension. All the clinical trial showed that probiotic help to maintaining clinical outcome in diabetic patients with hypertension. Conclusion: Probiotic effective for glycemic control and blood pressure in type 2 DM with hypertension. Keywords: Diabetes; Hypertension; Gut dysbiosis; Probiotics; Inflammation mediators
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS LOCATION AND SOLVENT TO SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES I Putu Priyasana; Agung Endro Nugroho; Soni Siswanto; Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas Putri; Yosi Bayu Murti
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Math and Sciences Faculty, Udayana Univerity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2023.v05.i02.p04

Abstract

Background: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) is one of the traditional medicines that contain multiple phytochemical compounds. Every location has its characteristic that affects the metabolic process of phytochemical compounds. Apart from that, the extraction solvent also plays an essential role in attracting compounds in sambiloto. The solvent is related to the polarity and can affect the phytochemical profile. Objective: This research aims to determine the effect of the various location and extraction solvent of sambiloto on its phytochemical profile. Methods: Sambiloto from Denpasar (Dps), Sukoharjo (Skj), and Sleman (Slm) was extracted (1:10 w/v) using ultrasonic-assisted extraction in methanol 100% (MeOH100) and methanol 50% (MeOH50). In water solvents, extraction is carried out using the infusion method. Fingerprint analysis using HPTLC-Densitometry. The data obtained was analyzed further using principal component analysis (PCA). Results: Fingerprint analysis obtained peak data that varied in each extraction solvent. There are four major peaks in the chromatogram profile of each solvent. The peak chromatogram for each solvent also shows differences at each location. PCA analysis shows that the phytochemical content of sambiloto extract is divided into three main clusters. The distribution of the clusters is based on variations in the extraction solvent. Variations in location for each sambiloto also influence its phytochemical profile. However, these variations are still in the same quadrant for each solvent. Conclusion: The solvent determines more variations in the phytochemical profile of sambiloto extract than the various location. Keywords: Sambiloto; Solvent; Location; Phytochemical; Principal Component Analysis
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA AND PHYSALIS ANGULATA EXTRACTS AS ANTIOXIDANTS AGAINST DPPH RADICALS Putu Yudhistira Budhi Setiawan; Putu Gede Adi Purwa Hita; I Putu Riska Ardinata; Ni Putu Aryati Suryaningsih
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Math and Sciences Faculty, Udayana Univerity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2023.v05.i02.p05

Abstract

Background: As a single extract, Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Physalis angulata are known to have antioxidant activity. However, the interaction effect of antioxidants in suppressing DPPH (2,2- difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) radicals that arise in these two combinations of plant extracts is not yet known. In this study, the combination of these two plants was investigated for their antioxidant properties and synergistic effects. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Physalis angulata as antioxidants and the interactions they cause. Methods: The rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and the herb Physalis angulata were extracted separately with ethanol. After evaporation, the crude xtract was tested individually to obtain the IC50 value. Based on the IC50 value of each extract, 9 combination variations were made and the combination index (CI) value was calculated to determine the resulting interaction effect. Result: The antioxidant activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza IC50 extract is 51.015 ppm, higher than Physalis angulata IC50 extract which is 90.488 ppm. The CI value observed in the combination of extracts in all combinations had a CI value <1. Conclusion: This research shows that the combination of Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome extract and Physalis angulata herb has synergistic antioxidant properties. Keywords: Combination; Synergis; Antioxidant; Combination Index
OPTIMIZATION OF GUMITIR FLOWER EXTRACT (TAGETES ERECTA L.) SUNSCREEN CREAM: SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN METHOD I Gusti Ngurah Agung Windra Wartana Putra; I Gusti Ayu Agung Septiari
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Math and Sciences Faculty, Udayana Univerity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2023.v05.i02.p06

Abstract

Background: Sunscreen cream is used to protect the skin from the bad effects of sunlight. Making a good sunscreen cream requires paying attention to the composition of the constituent compounds to obtain a standardized cream form quality. Formula optimization is carried out in each cream formulation, including to produce of Gumitir flower extract sunscreen cream. Objective: The aim of this research is to produce an optimum formula for Gumitir flower extract sunscreen cream. Methods: The method used in this research is the Simplex Lattice Design optimization method to find the optimum base between stearate acid cream base and triethanolamine. Results: Optimization results show that variations in stearic acid and triethanolamine cream bases influence the physical properties of viscosity and adhesiveness of sunscreen cream preparations, with stearic acid as the dominant factor influencing viscosity. Conclusion: The conclusion obtained from this research is that the optimum formula for Gumitir flower extract sunscreen cream was obtained with a base composition of 13.5% stearic acid and 2.5% triethanolamine. Keywords: Optimization; Gumitir; Extract; Sunscreen
TRACING OF SECONDARY METABOLITES AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SAPINDACEAE AS AN EFFORT TO PRESERVE HERBAL PLANTS: A REVIEW Antonius Oenunu Sanan; Triana Hertiani; Yosi Bayu Murti
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Math and Sciences Faculty, Udayana Univerity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2024.v06.i01.p01

Abstract

Background: Sapindaceae plants in the community are used to treat various diseases. This plant is traced to contain secondary metabolites with various pharmacological activities, including antimicrobials. Objective: This review article aims to provide information about Sapindaceae plants with antimicrobial potential and summarize the content of secondary metabolite compounds. Methods: This review article uses sources from international and national journals obtained by online search and considers two criteria, namely inclusion and exclusion. Then, it was further selected to obtain data in the form of secondary metabolites that can potentially be antimicrobial. Results: Some parts of the Sapindaceae plant contain essential secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. These secondary metabolites have a potential pharmacological activity that has been tested against antimicrobials. Conclusion: Sapindaceae plants contain diverse secondary metabolites and have antimicrobial activity. Further research is needed to explore other Sapindaceae plant species to find compounds and other pharmacological activities to address various diseases in the community. Keywords: Sapindaceae; Secondary metabolite component; Antimicrobial Activity
PHARMACISTS KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION, AND READINESS FOR TELEPHARMACY IMPLEMENTATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Eko Yatminto; Nanang Munif Yasin; Chairun Wiedyaningsih
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Math and Sciences Faculty, Udayana Univerity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2024.v06.i01.p02

Abstract

Background: Telepharmacy has emerged as the latest approach for remote pharmaceutical services. However, some factors influence the success of this technology, such as pharmacists knowledge, readiness to adopt, and perspectives. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge, perception, and readiness to use telepharmacy systems among pharmacists. Methods: Articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus (November 2023) were reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in 2022. Inclusion criteria encompassed cross-sectional studies examining knowledge, perception, and readiness to use telepharmacy among pharmacists within the last ten years. The quality of studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results: Eight articles were included in the study, with the largest respondent pool from a study in Vietnam (414) and the smallest from Indonesia (78). All included articles demonstrated good quality with no significant bias. Five studies discussed knowledge levels, with four showing good knowledge (89.74%, 82.67%, 62.3%, 96.83%). Regarding telepharmacy perspectives, two studies had less favorable perspectives. Three studies indicated adequate readiness for telepharmacy implementation (87%, 72%, 63.23%), while one was unprepared (27.74%). Conclusion: Most studies show good knowledge, perception, and readiness to implement telepharmacy. There is a need for telepharmacy training programs in pharmacy schools or hospitals. Keywords: Telepharmacy; Knowledge; Perception; Readiness to Use; Pharmacists
CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM KUSAMBI LEAF EXTRACT (Schleichera oleosa (L) Oken) Antonius Oenunu Sanan; Triana Hertiani; Yosi Bayu Murti
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Math and Sciences Faculty, Udayana Univerity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2024.v06.i01.p03

Abstract

Background: The kusambi plant is traditionally used by people to treat various diseases. This plant is thought to contain various secondary metabolites with various pharmacological activities, including antibacterial. Objectives: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of various extracts using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% methanol as solvents against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 bacteria and identify what groups of compounds are contained in the kusambi leaf extract. Methods: Kusambi leaves were extracted with Soxhlet using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% methanol (1:4 w/v). Activity testing uses the agar diffusion method, and compound class testing uses the TLC (thin layer chromatography) method and spray reagents. Results: The research showed the highest yield was 22% for methanol extract, 12% for N-hexane extract, and 20% for ethyl acetate extract. Methanol extract activity test Kusambi leaves show moderate intensity inhibitory activity against bacteria S.aureus bacteria, while bacteria E.coli did not show inhibitory activity. The most significant inhibition zone diameter in the ethyl acetate extract was 9.22 mm with a concentration of 10μg/mL, the methanol extract had an inhibition zone diameter of 8.82 mm with a concentration of 10 μg/mL, and the leaf N-hexane extract had no inhibition zone. The identification results of the compound groups were flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, steroids, and triterpenoids, as proven by the TLC method and spray reagents. Conclusion: Kusambi leaf extract using ethyl acetate solvent has inhibitory activity against bacteria S.aureus and contains flavonoids, phenols, steroids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. Keywords: Kusambi plant; antibacterial; secondary metabolite compounds
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION EFFERVESCENT TABLETS OF GAMBIER LEAF EXTRACT (Uncaria gambier Roxb) Putu Rismayanti Putri; I Gusti Ngurah Agung Windra Wartana Putra; Ni Putu Wintariani; Ni Putu Aryati Suryaningsih
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Math and Sciences Faculty, Udayana Univerity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2024.v06.i01.p04

Abstract

Background: Gambier, also known as the term (Uncaria gambier Roxb), is a plant that has long been cultivated in Indonesia. The components of flavonoid compounds in gambier plants have been widely reported as antioxidants. Using the gambier plant will be more accessible and more practical if it is made in dosage form, one of which is in the form of effervescent tablets. Objective: To determine the physical and chemical characteristics of effervescent tablets of gambier leaf extract (Uncaria gambier Roxb). Methods: Descriptive design, which includes phytochemical screening research, extract quality test, physical and chemical characteristics test of effervescent tablets formulation. Results: Positive gambier leaf extracts contain flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The average weight uniformity test of the tablet is 1.57 ± 0.02 grams, the average tablet thickness test of the tablet is 0.5±0 cm while a tablet's average diameter is 1.6±0 cm, the fragility test obtained <1%, the average hardness test of the tablet is 4.34±0.02 kg, the solubility time of the tablet obtaining is 1.6 ±0.4 minutes and tablets pH is 5.5±0.2. Conclusion: It is possible to draw the conclusion that the positive gambier leaf extract includes flavonoid components, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins based on the findings of the data previously gathered. The quality test of gambier leaf extract is already qualified, and the test of the characteristics of the physical and chemical properties produced is suitable based on Pharmacopeia Indonesia Standard. Keywords: Gambier; Extract; Tablet Effervescent
IN SILICO STUDY OF ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY AND TOXICITY OF TRANS-ANETHOLE, FENCHONE, AND ESTRAGOLE Ni Made Pitri Susanti; Luh Putu Mirah Kusuma Dewi; I Gede Rheza Wisnu Bhadreswara
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Math and Sciences Faculty, Udayana Univerity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2024.v06.i01.p05

Abstract

Background: An unhealthy lifestyle characterized by consuming foods with a high glycemic index can increase blood sugar levels significantly. Diabetes mellitus therapy using antidiabetic drugs in patients aims to help control blood sugar levels. Objective: This study aims to determine the affinity and interaction models of trans-anethole, fenchone, and estragole as test compounds against the target proteins pancreatic α-amylase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, as well as in silico toxicity prediction of the test compounds. Methods: This study used AutoDock 4.2 as a molecular docking method to evaluate the affinity and interaction models of the test compounds against the target proteins pancreatic α-amylase (PDB ID: 2QV4) and DPP-4 (PDB ID: 3W2T) as a potential antidiabetic agent. In addition, the toxicity of these compounds was predicted using the Toxtree program with Cramer Rules, Benigni/Bossa, Verhaar Sceme, and Kroes TTC parameters. Results: The results showed that the test compounds had binding energies that showed their affinity to the target protein. The trans-anethole did not show any structural features indicating potential toxicity. Fenchone has the class III category for the Cramer Rules parameters, and estragole has a structural alert for genotoxic carcinogenicity based on the Benigni/Bossa Rulebase parameter. Conclusion: Trans-anethole, fenchone, and estragole have been observed to exhibit antidiabetic potential through their interactions with the pancreatic proteins α-amylase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, although their effectiveness is not as high as that of the native ligands. Additionally, further toxicity testing is required for the three compounds. Keywords: Trans-anethole; Fenchone; Estragole; Molecular Docking; Antidiabetic
LEADS SEARCH FOR ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS DERIVED FROM SECONDARY METABOLITES OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI: A REVIEW Pramana Kumala Putra; I Gusti Ayu Agung Gangga Samala Dewi; Ni Wayan Prasanthi Swarna Putri; I Nengah Wirajana; Ni Putu Ariantari
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Math and Sciences Faculty, Udayana Univerity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2024.v06.i01.p06

Abstract

Background: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are substances that act by increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain to prevent neurotransmitter degradation. AChEIs are the most widely used agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy so far. Objective: This study aims to give insight into AChEIs produced by endophytic fungi through literature reviews, which are promising for further studies on their mode of action. Methods: Data search was conducted through scientific-based websites such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed, which involved scientific publications from January 2000 to December 2022. Results: Fifteen genera, including Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, and Penicillium, were reported to produce twenty-four secondary metabolites with AChEI activity. These compounds were classified based on their chemical skeleton into alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, polyketides, and peptides. Conclusion: Endophytic fungi are promising sources of lead compounds possessing AChE inhibitory activity. Further research on molecular mechanisms of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi with AChEI activity can provide new insight into the development of more potent AChEIs for AD treatment. Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs); Alzheimer's disease; Endophytic fungi; Secondary metabolites.

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