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Paratext: Journal of Language and Literature
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 31106528     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education, Art,
Arts Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
Paratext: Journal of Language and Literature is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to exploring the diverse fields of language and literature. The journal publishes original research, critical analyses, and innovative studies focusing on literary works, linguistic phenomena, cultural narratives, and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of language and literature. Paratext is managed by the English Literature Program, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Indonesia. It serves as a platform for scholars, researchers, and practitioners to share their insights, promote academic discourse, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the humanities. Scope of the Journal Paratext: International Journal of Language and Literature publishes high-quality research and critical studies across a wide range of topics, including but not limited to: Language: Studies on language structures, usage, and functions in various contexts. Literature: Analysis and interpretation of literary works, genres, and movements. Cultural Studies: Exploration of cultural narratives, identities, and their intersections with society. Applied Linguistics: Research on language teaching, learning, and practical applications of linguistic theories. Linguistics: Examination of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and sociolinguistics. Collective Memory: Studies on shared memories and their role in shaping communities and identities. Children’s Literature: Analysis of literary works aimed at young readers and their cultural impact. Oral Tradition: Research on storytelling, folklore, and the preservation of oral narratives. Oral History: Studies on personal and collective accounts of historical events through oral testimonies. British and American Studies: Critical studies on the literature, culture, and history of Britain and America. This broad scope aims to foster interdisciplinary dialogue and contribute to advancements in language, literature, and cultural studies.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Bahasa dan Linguistik
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GAMES-BASED LEARNING IN IMPROVING THE MOTIVATION FOR ENGLISH LEARNING AT SMPN 5 SATAP TAMAKO cindy kampohiang; Maya Pinkan Warouw; Dewi Christa Kobis
Paratext: International Journal of Language and Literature Vol 1 No 1 (2025): Paratext: Journal of Language and Literature
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Abstract

This research is entitled "Implementation of Game-Based Learning in Improving English Learning at SMPN 5 Satap Tamako Students." The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of game-based learning in SMPN 5 Satap Tamako students and analyze how the implementation of game-based learning is applied at SMPN 5 Satap Tamako. The research method used is a classroom action research method in accordance with Kemmis and McTaggarts in Burn (2010), the research was carried out in two cycles, the first cycle was carried out twice a meeting with the name of the game guess the meaning of objects in the classroom and did not experience an increase in motivation to learn English so that the second cycle method was carried out with two meetings of the game called the game guess the profession in the second cycle experienced an increase in motivation to learn English at SMPN 5 Satap Tamako.
CONFLICTS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE NOVEL “REEDEMING LOVE” BY FRANCINE RIVERS: A FREUDIAN PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH Winni Mundung; dewi christa kobis; Maya Pinkan Warouw
Paratext: International Journal of Language and Literature Vol 1 No 1 (2025): Paratext: Journal of Language and Literature
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Abstract

This research examines the conflicts experienced by the main character, Angel, in a novel entitled Redeeming Love by Francine Rivers, using a psychoanalytic approach grounded in Sigmund Freud’s theory of the id, ego, and superego (1923). The study aims to identify and classify the psychoanalytic elements within the narrative and analyze their implications on character development. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology, the data for this research was collected from the scripts in the novel and then classified based on Freud’s theory as the foundation to analyze the conversations found in the scripts. The findings showed that Angel’s past experiences have shaped her into a woman who finds it difficult to trust others, particularly in romantic relationships with man. The relationship between Michael and Angel as well as Michael Hosea’s strong ego play. Crucial roles in mediating these conflicts are providing Angel with the love and support necessary for healing. These findings demonstrate that understanding the psychoanalytic elements offers deeper insights into the characters’ emotional struggles and their journeys toward self-acceptance and redemption.
PHONEME IN ENGLISH AND TONTEMBOAN LANGUAGE (CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS) Jennifer Mamoto; Donald R. Lotulung; Maya Pinkan Warouw
Paratext: International Journal of Language and Literature Vol 1 No 1 (2025): Paratext: Journal of Language and Literature
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Abstract

This research, Phoneme in English and Tontemboan Language, is aimed to identify and classify the phoneme forms, distribution patterns, and phonotatic systems of English and Tontemboan languages, then contrasts the results of the two languages. This research used qualitative methods, and to analyze the data the writer uses Fromkin's theory (2017), Finegan's theory (2015), and Thomasz's theory (1990). The result of this research are as follow: in the English data, 23 consonant phonemes were found, namely /b/, /ʧ/, /d/, /ð/, /f/, /g/, /h/, /k/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /p/, /r/, /ɹ/, /s/, /ʃ/, /t/, /θ/, /v/, /w/, /z/, and 12 vowel phonemes: /a/, /ɑ/, /ʌ/, /ɪ/, /i/, /u/, /ʊ/, /e/, /ə/, /ɜ/, /ɔ/. The Tontemboan language data has 18 consonant phonemes, namely /b/, /p/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, /?/, /c/, /s/, /h/, /l/, /r/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /w/, /j/, /y/, and 6 vowel phonemes: /a/, /i/, /E/, /ə/, /o/, /u/. The difference between English and Tontemboan phoneme forms is that Tontemboan language does not have several phonemes in English, namely /z/, /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/, /ɹ/, and /ʧ, on the other hand English does not have the phoneme /ʔ/ where this phoneme is exist in Tontemboan language. These two languages have some phonemes in common, namely /b/, /p/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, /c/, /s/, /h/, /l/, /r/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /w/, /j/, /y/. /a/, /i/, /ə/, /o/, and /u.
HUMAN AND ANIMAL RELATIONSHIP IN AMERICAN HUSBANDRY SYSTEM PORTRAYED THROUGH E.B. WHITE’S CHARLOTTE’S WEB (1952) Syahruni Junaid
Paratext: International Journal of Language and Literature Vol 1 No 1 (2025): Paratext: Journal of Language and Literature
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Abstract

This research examines the representation of animal protection in E.B. White's novel “Charlotte's Web”, published in 1952, in the legal and social context of 20th century America. Using sociology of literature approach, this study analyzes characters such as Fern, Wilbur, Mr. Arable, and Mr. Zuckerman to illustrate the dynamics between humans and animals and the challenges faced by animals in the farming system. The research also connects the development of animal protection laws at the time with the characters' representations in the novel, as well as how literary works can reflect and influence social views on animals. The findings show that the characters in “Charlotte's Web” not only reflect animal protection issues, but also illustrate the changing ideologies and practices of animal husbandry that affect animal welfare. This research provides insight into the evolution of thinking about animal protection in America and the contribution of literature in shaping social consciousness
THE USE OF REDUPLICATED ADJECTIVES IN CONTEMPORARY NOVELS Irene Pabuntang; Aryana N Qarimah
Paratext: International Journal of Language and Literature Vol 1 No 1 (2025): Paratext: Journal of Language and Literature
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Abstract

Reduplication adjectives are widely used in contemporary novels to show beauty. This study aims to determine the use of reduplication adjectives in contemporary novels. The data sources are sentences containing reduplication adjectives in three contemporary novels with the titles "Karena Aku Cinta" by Mita Juniar published by Zettu East Jakarta in 2014, "Kangen" by Putu Deriska published by Euthenia West Jakarta in 2015, and Perahu Kertas by Dewi Lestari published by Bentang Pustaka Yogyakarta in 2012. The method used is the listening method with a note-taking technique. The listening was done by reading the three novels and recording all the reduplication adjectives in the contemporary novels (“Karena Aku cinta” karya Mita Juniar, “Kangen” karya Putu Deriska, dan Perahu Kertas karya Dewi Lestari). The results show that there are two main forms, namely basic reduplication adjectives and affixed reduplication adjectives. The affixed adjectives are divided into five patterns: ber- D+R, se- D+R -nya, D+R -an, ter- D+R, and D+R -nya, which show the process of derivation and inflection as well as word class changes, such as from nouns or numerals to adjectives. In terms of meaning, adjective reduplication contains six types: sungguh-sungguh, walaupun, berulang-ulang, menyerupai, intensitas, dan superlatif.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CHARACTER IN DEMON SLAYER MANGA (KIMETSU NO YAIBA) BY KOYOHARU GOTOUGE Zahra Fadhilah Raihani Mantau; Christo R.Pua; Mariam L. M. Pandean
Paratext: International Journal of Language and Literature Vol 1 No 2 (2025): Paratext: Journal of Language and Literature
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Abstract

The focus of this research refers to the characteristization of the character in the comic or manga Demon Slayer (Kimetsu No Yaiba) by Koyoharu Gotouge. The theory of this study is about character characteristics from Burhan Nurgiantoro and Edgar Roberts. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method.  Based on the results of the research, the author identified eight characters who played an important role in the development of the Demon Slayer manga story, namely Tanjiro Kamado (main character, protagonist, complex, developing, neutral),  Nezuko Kamado (main character, protagonist, static, neutral), Sakonji Urokodaki (minor character, protagonist, simple, static, typical), Muzan Kibutsuji (main character, antagonist, simple, static, typical), Giyu Tomioka (supporting character, protagonist, simple, static, typical), Tamayo (minor character, protagonist, simple, static, typical), Yushiro(minor character, protagonist, simple, static, typical) and Zenitsu Agatsuma (supporting character, protagonist, complex, typical);2) furthermore, each character has its own characteristics.
ANALYSIS OF BILDUNGSROMAN ELEMENTS IN “THE CRUEL PRINCE” BY HOLLY BLACK: ALIGNMENT AND DEVIATION Chal Goma; Stephani Johana Sigarlaki; Muh. Hasan Basri
Paratext: International Journal of Language and Literature Vol 1 No 2 (2025): Paratext: Journal of Language and Literature
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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This research focused on the alignment and deviation of Bildungsroman element in “The Cruel Prince”. This research aims to identify the Bildungsroman elements that presents in “The Cruel Prince” as well as analyze the alignment and deviation of those elements with classical Bildungsroman tradition. This research utilized the qualitative descriptive method, Golban (2003) theory of Bildungsroman, and Stanton (1965) theory of narrative element. The results found that “The Cruel Prince” contains all ten elements of the Bildungsroman as outlined in Petru Golban’s (2003) framework, while simultaneously transforming these elements to reflect contemporary concerns and fantasy genre conventions. Through systematic analysis of plot, character, and setting elements, this research reveals a complex pattern of preservation and innovation that characterizes contemporary fantasy coming-of-age narratives. This study is limited to the first book of “The Folk of the Air” trilogy by Holy Black.
COMPOUND WORDS IN THE FILM DUNE BY DENIS VILLENEUVE (A MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS) Gloria Kemby; Donald R. Lotulung; F. Ari Anggriani Sebayang
Paratext: International Journal of Language and Literature Vol 1 No 2 (2025): Paratext: Journal of Language and Literature
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Abstract

This study is titled “Compound Words in the Film Dune (A Morphological Analysis).” The primary objective of this study is to identify, categorize, and analyze the meanings of compound words found within the film’s dialogue. The analysis is grounded in morphological theories, particularly those proposed by McCarthy (2002) and Nida (1949), which serve as the main theoretical framework for identifying and interpreting the data. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach to provide a detailed examination of how compound words function in the context of the film. The result of this study revealed that there are 50 compound words, distributed as 30 compound nouns, 1 compound verb, 6 compound adjectives, 5 compound adverb, and 8 compound pronouns. Four formation patterns were observed in compound nouns—Noun + Noun, Verb + Noun, Adjective + Noun, and Preposition + Noun. One compound verb with Verb + Noun pattern. Four patterns underlie compound adjectives—Noun + Adjective, Verb + Adjective, and Adjective + Adjective and Adjective + Noun—and one compound adverb are formed by Preposition + Noun. In addition, there are 30 endocentric and 20 exocentric compound words found in this research.
EMOTIONAL FORMS IN NIKI’S SONGS ALBUM NICOLE: PSYCHOLINGUISTICS ANALYSIS Thirsa Ivanka Bahow; Theresia Maria Conny Lasut; Aryana N. Qarimah
Paratext: International Journal of Language and Literature Vol 1 No 2 (2025): Paratext: Journal of Language and Literature
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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This study, entitled “Emotional Forms in Niki’s Songs Album Nicole: Psycholinguistics Analysis” aims to identify and classify the forms of emotions and to analyze the emotional meanings revealed by using Krech et al.'s (1969) theory within a psycholinguistics framework. The research focuses on seven selected songs from Niki’s album Nicole by listening to, reading, and underlining lyrics that indicate emotional expression. As a result, this research identified 179 instances of emotional data. The data were classified into 4 forms of emotions. However, the emotional pertaining to sensory stimulation pain was not identified. The dominant emotion found in this research was grief. The findings indicate that the emotional forms in Niki’s album Nicole follow systematic psycholinguistics patterns that shape meaning and contribute to understanding how emotions are constructed and conveyed in song lyrics.
LADY SUSAN VERNON: THE REPRESENTATION OF AN INDEPENDENT WOMAN IN A PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY IN JANE AUSTEN’S LADY SUSAN Tesalonika Patras; Isnawati Lydia Wantasen; Arter Jodi Senduk
Paratext: International Journal of Language and Literature Vol 1 No 2 (2025): Paratext: Journal of Language and Literature
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Abstract

Female representation in literature reflects not only artistic imagination but also cultural ideologies about gender and power. This study aims to analyze the concept and portrayal of an independent woman in a patriarchal society through the character Lady Susan Vernon in Jane Austen’s epistolary novel Lady Susan (1794, published posthumously in 1871). This qualitative research employs a feminist literary approach supported by two theoretical frameworks: Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist feminism, as presented in The Second Sex (1949), and Robert Stanton’s theory of character and characterization, as discussed in An Introduction to Fiction (1965). De Beauvoir’s notion of “woman as the other” and her idea of female autonomy emphasize women’s capacity for self-determination and existential freedom beyond patriarchal constraints. Stanton’s theory, on the other hand, assists in examining Lady Susan as a round and multidimensional character revealed through her actions, dialogues, and the perspectives of other characters. The findings show that Lady Susan challenges traditional femininity through intelligence, manipulation, and rhetorical skill traits that enable her to exert informal power within a male dominated society. Although her methods are morally ambiguous, Lady Susan exemplifies nonconformist female independence and resistance to patriarchal norms. This study concludes that Jane Austen subtly critiques patriarchal limitations by presenting a female protagonist who actively negotiates social boundaries to assert her agency and autonomy. The research is limited to textual analysis of the novel and does not include comparative or historical reception studies; thus, the results should be interpreted within the chosen theoretical frameworks.

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