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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Uropathogens in Patients with Urinary Tract Infections Omar Hussam Jumaah; Abeer Mansour Abdel Rasool; Lina Abbas Naser
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12847

Abstract

General Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain a significant global health concern, frequently complicated by the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among common uropathogens. Specific Background: In Iraq, increasing rates of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, have limited therapeutic options and complicated clinical management. Knowledge Gap: Despite numerous studies on global AMR, region-specific data on uropathogen prevalence and susceptibility profiles in northern Iraq remain scarce. Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from UTI patients in Mosul, Iraq, to guide empirical treatment and inform antimicrobial stewardship. Results: Among 173 isolates, E. coli (34.7%), K. pneumoniae (23.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.3%) were predominant. The highest susceptibility was observed with Meropenem (95.4%) and Imipenem (92.5%), while Ciprofloxacin resistance reached 42.2%, indicating restricted treatment options. Novelty: The study provides the most recent regional data on uropathogen distribution and resistance trends in Mosul, integrating microbiological surveillance with demographic analysis. Implications: These findings underscore the urgent need for continuous resistance monitoring, rational antibiotic use, and local antimicrobial stewardship programs to curb the spread of resistant uropathogens and improve clinical outcomes.Highlight : E. coli remains the leading uropathogen in UTIs, followed by K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. High resistance to Ciprofloxacin (42.2%) indicates limited treatment options. Regular surveillance of antibiotic resistance is essential for effective therapy and control. Keywords : Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Uropathogens, Antibiotic Resistance, Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility
Legal Protection for Communities in Infrastructure Development Based on State Administrative Law: Perlindungan Hukum Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan Infrastruktur berdasarkan Hukum Administrasi Negara Nabila Dwi Arneta; Kurniati Dwi Putri; Sinta Aulianti
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12848

Abstract

Background: Infrastructure development is central to national progress, yet it often generates displacement, environmental degradation, and social tension for communities near project areas. Specific Background: Although Indonesia possesses legal frameworks governing land acquisition and administrative procedures, affected communities frequently face limited transparency, insufficient participation, and restricted access to administrative remedies. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies predominantly emphasize agrarian and civil law, leaving the role of State Administrative Law in community legal protection insufficiently examined. Aims: This study explores how State Administrative Law provides legal protection for communities during infrastructure development through administrative instruments, procedures, and dispute-resolution mechanisms. Results: Findings reveal that administrative safeguards remain weak due to inconsistent application of administrative procedures, inadequate oversight, and ineffective preventive mechanisms, often pushing communities to rely on administrative litigation such as PTUN. Novelty: The study offers a four-pillar framework consisting of regulatory strengthening, professional and transparent bureaucracy, reinforced preventive and repressive administrative enforcement, and community empowerment through participatory access to justice. Implications: Strengthening administrative law mechanisms is essential to ensure that infrastructure development aligns with good governance principles and guarantees fair, accountable, and accessible legal protection for affected communities. Highlights: Administrative law serves as a key foundation for ensuring community legal protection in infrastructure development. Limited transparency and weak oversight hinder the enforcement of community rights. Strengthened administrative mechanisms are necessary to uphold fairness and accountability in development processes. Keywords State Administrative Law, Legal Protection, Infrastructure Development, Public Participation, Governance Compliance
Extent of Response of Corn Growth Traits to Potassium and Humic Saad Ali Hussein Al-Akabi; Tahseen Ali Ibrahim AL-Abtan; Amjad Shaker Hamoud Al-Bawi; Enas Saad Sobeih
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12850

Abstract

General Background: Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the world’s most important cereal crops, serving as a key food, feed, and industrial raw material. In Iraq, maize productivity remains below the global average due to nutrient imbalances and suboptimal fertilization practices. Specific Background: Potassium plays a crucial physiological role in plant growth, yet its availability is limited in many Iraqi soils. Additionally, humic acid, when applied as a foliar spray, enhances nutrient absorption and photosynthetic efficiency. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies have explored the interactive effects of potassium fertilization and foliar-applied humic acid on maize vegetative growth under Iraqi soil conditions. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the response of maize (cv. 5018) vegetative traits to different levels of potassium (120 and 140 kg ha⁻¹) and humic acid (3 and 4 ml L⁻¹) applied through foliar feeding. Results: The results showed that 120 kg ha⁻¹ potassium significantly enhanced plant height (249.50 cm), stem diameter (2.38 cm), number of leaves (15.64 plant⁻¹), and dry weight (182.94 g). Foliar application of humic acid at 4 ml L⁻¹ further improved stem diameter and leaf number. Novelty: This research highlights the synergistic potential of potassium and humic acid in optimizing maize vegetative performance in potassium-limited soils. Implications: The findings provide a practical basis for refining fertilization strategies to enhance maize productivity in similar agroecological regions.Highlight : Potassium levels of 120 and 140 kg ha⁻¹ increased plant height and stem diameter. Humic acid at 3 and 4 ml L⁻¹ improved stem diameter and number of leaves. Combined potassium and humic treatments enhanced overall vegetative growth. Keywords : Maize, Potassium, Foliar Feeding, Humic Acid, Growth Traits
Thematic Study of Management Verses and Their Relevance to Islamic Education Selvy Yuspitasari; Mudzakir Mudzakir
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12851

Abstract

General Background: Islamic education management requires not only administrative efficiency but also strong integration of Qur’anic values to achieve holistic educational goals. Specific Background: Although the Qur’an contains numerous verses that reflect managerial principles—such as planning, leadership, deliberation, supervision, and accountability—many Islamic educational institutions have not yet fully integrated these values into management practices. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies rarely provide a thematic and systematic analysis of Qur’anic verses on management and their direct relevance to contemporary Islamic education management. Aims: This study aims to conduct a thematic analysis of management-related verses in the Qur’an and examine their applicability to the management of Islamic educational institutions. Results: The findings reveal that Qur’anic values such as trustworthiness, justice, deliberation, honesty, and responsibility offer a strong managerial framework that aligns with modern management functions, including planning, organizing, controlling, and evaluating. Novelty: This study provides an integrated thematic interpretation that bridges classical Qur’anic principles and modern educational management theory. Implications: Applying Qur’anic managerial principles can strengthen institutional governance, enhance educational quality, and support the development of holistic, value-based Islamic education systems. Highlights: Qur’anic values provide a comprehensive foundation for modern educational management. Management in Islamic education must integrate ethical, spiritual, and administrative principles. Thematic analysis reveals strong alignment between Qur’anic principles and core management functions. Keywords: Qur’anic Management, Islamic Education, Thematic Interpretation, Spiritual Values, Educational Leadership
The Role of Metamaterials in Advancing Wireless Communications Through Signal Enhancement and Energy Reduction Zainab N. Mutashar; Sura N. Taraad
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12852

Abstract

General Background: Wireless communication systems have become vital in modern life but face persistent challenges including signal degradation, high power consumption, and electromagnetic interference. Specific Background: Recent research highlights metamaterials as a promising solution due to their engineered electromagnetic properties—such as negative permittivity and permeability—that enable unprecedented control over wave propagation. Knowledge Gap: Despite significant theoretical advancements, practical demonstrations of how metamaterials enhance antenna performance in real-world wireless systems remain limited. Aims: This study investigates the integration of metamaterials into antenna structures to improve gain, efficiency, and impedance matching while minimizing reflection and energy loss. Results: Comparative simulations between conventional and metamaterial-enhanced antennas show that at 5.0 GHz, gain increased from 6.1 dBi to 10.4 dBi, efficiency rose from 65.3% to 80.2%, and reflection coefficient dropped from 0.42 to 0.22, confirming superior energy transfer and directivity. Novelty: The research demonstrates how metamaterials function not merely as passive components but as active design tools enabling reconfigurable, frequency-adaptive antenna behavior. Implications: These findings establish metamaterials as essential for next-generation, high-efficiency, and sustainable wireless communication systems.Highlight : The study shows metamaterials improve antenna gain, efficiency, and impedance matching compared to traditional designs. Performance peaks at 5.0 GHz, demonstrating effective resonance and reduced reflection losses. Findings confirm metamaterials’ potential for advanced, efficient wireless communication systems. Keywords : Metamaterials, Antenna Performance, Radiation Efficiency, Reflection Coefficient, Impedance Matching
Microalgae as Biosensors for Heavy Metal Detection Using Spectroscopic Techniques Sara Hammoud Abdulameer
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12853

Abstract

General Background: Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems represents a persistent environmental challenge due to their non-biodegradable nature and bioaccumulation in the food chain, posing severe risks to human and ecological health. Specific Background: Traditional detection techniques like atomic absorption and ICP-MS are effective but expensive and time-consuming, driving interest toward biological alternatives such as microalgae-based biosensors that can detect and respond to pollutants through physiological and biochemical changes. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies have compared the biosensing capacities of Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Scenedesmus obliquus using integrative spectroscopic and metabolomic analyses under realistic contamination conditions. Aims: This study investigates the biosensing and bioremediation abilities of these two microalgal species in detecting lead, cadmium, and mercury in contaminated water. Results: Both species showed high metal removal efficiency (up to 97% for Hg²⁺), with Ankistrodesmus exhibiting faster biosorption and stronger sensitivity, while Scenedesmus demonstrated higher resilience to lead. Spectroscopic analyses revealed distinct functional group shifts, reduced chlorophyll fluorescence, and metabolic reprogramming under metal stress. Novelty: The integration of FTIR, fluorescence, and GC-MS analyses provided a comprehensive biochemical understanding of algal stress responses. Implications: These findings support the development of cost-effective, eco-friendly biosensing systems for monitoring and remediating heavy metal pollution in aquatic environments.Highlight : Two algal species showed strong potential as biosensors for detecting heavy metal contamination in water. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed biochemical and physiological changes under metal exposure. Ankistrodesmus responded faster to mercury, while Scenedesmus showed better tolerance to lead. Keywords : Microalgae, Heavy Metal Pollution, Biosensing, Spectroscopic Techniques, Water Quality
Fungal Infections and Their Impact on Cytokine Dysregulation: Biomarkers of Inflammation in Histoplasma capsulatum Infections Sadam Hameed Rasheed; Haneen Kadhim Zaid; Mustafa Kareem Hassan; Osama A. Mohsein
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12854

Abstract

General Background: Fungal infections remain a global health concern, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. Specific Background: Among these, Histoplasma capsulatum causes histoplasmosis, a systemic mycosis marked by immune dysregulation and oxidative stress, yet the precise mechanisms linking cytokine imbalance and disease severity remain insufficiently understood. Knowledge Gap: Limited data exist on the concurrent assessment of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers in histoplasmosis, especially in non-endemic regions. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate cytokine and oxidative stress profiles in patients with H. capsulatum infection and determine their association with disease severity. Results: Compared to controls, patients exhibited elevated TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β, CRP, and MDA levels, alongside reduced total antioxidant capacity (TAC), with biomarker levels increasing proportionally with disease severity (P < 0.001). Novelty: This is the first study to integrate immunological and oxidative biomarkers in H. capsulatum infection, revealing their interdependent role in pathogenesis. Implications: Findings highlight that simultaneous cytokine and oxidative stress dysregulation underpins disease progression, suggesting that biomarker monitoring could improve prognostic evaluation and guide targeted immunomodulatory therapies.Highlight : The study evaluates cytokine and oxidative stress biomarkers in histoplasmosis patients. Results show increased inflammatory markers correlated with disease severity. Biomarker monitoring may guide prognosis and improve therapeutic strategies. Keywords : Histoplasma capsulatum, cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10
Legal Liability for Force Majeure in Digital Crypto Asset Contracts Reviewed from the Perspective of Legal Rationality in the Digital Age: Tanggung Jawab Hukum atas Keadaan Force Majeure dalam Kontrak Digital Aset Kripto Ditinjau dari Rasionalitas Hukum di Era Digital Amara Diva Abigail; Diah Ayuning Tyas; Fendi Setyawan; M. Arief Amrullah
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12855

Abstract

General Background: The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed legal relations through the emergence of smart contracts and crypto asset transactions operating autonomously on blockchain systems. Specific Background: Although these digital contracts promise efficiency and certainty, their automated and decentralized nature raises complex legal issues when force majeure events—such as cyberattacks, system failures, or sudden regulatory changes—disrupt contractual performance. Knowledge Gap: Existing civil law doctrines on force majeure and contractual liability are primarily designed for human-centered agreements and remain inadequate to address responsibility in algorithm-driven systems, particularly within Indonesia’s legal framework. Aims: This study aims to analyze legal liability for force majeure in crypto asset digital contracts through a philosophical examination of legal rationality in the digital era. Results: Using normative–philosophical analysis, the study finds that traditional fault-based liability and positivistic legal rationality require reconstruction to accommodate technological risks and automated execution. Novelty: The research introduces an adaptive, reflective conception of legal rationality that integrates technological realities with principles of justice, certainty, and utility. Implications: These findings imply the need for explicit force majeure clauses, shared responsibility models, and adaptive legal interpretation to ensure fair and effective regulation of digital contracts in the evolving crypto ecosystem. Highlights: Force majeure in crypto-based smart contracts involves technological and regulatory risks beyond traditional doctrines. Automated and decentralized contract execution challenges fault-based and human-centered legal liability concepts. Adaptive legal rationality is essential to balance legal certainty, justice, and technological innovation in the digital era. Keywords: Force Majeure, Digital Contracts, Crypto Assets, Legal Liability, Legal Rationality
Combating Islamophobia in the Digital Sphere: An Analysis of Onepath Networks’ Communication Strategies Layli Nurul Islamiyah; Lulur Rochmawati; Salsabila Laili Ramadhanti
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12856

Abstract

General Background: Islamophobia has intensified in the digital era as social media accelerates the spread of negative narratives about Islam and Muslims. Specific Background: In response, Onepath Networks—an Australian-based Islamic media organization—actively counters misinformation through targeted digital communication strategies. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies rarely provide a focused examination of how a single Islamic media institution systematically constructs counter-narratives across social platforms. Aims: This study analyzes Onepath Networks’ use of educational, humanistic, and phenomenological content on YouTube and Instagram to combat Islamophobia. Results: The findings indicate that storytelling techniques, personal narratives, and peace-oriented messaging effectively reduce bias by humanizing Muslim identities and fostering intercultural understanding. Novelty: This research offers a case-specific analysis that demonstrates how a faith-driven digital media organization operationalizes counter-Islamophobia strategies beyond general social media activism. Implications: The study highlights the potential of well-designed digital communication strategies to dismantle stereotypes, strengthen inclusive discourse, and guide future media-based efforts against Islamophobia. Highlights: Analyzes Onepath Networks’ strategic use of YouTube and Instagram to counter Islamophobia. Highlights phenomenological storytelling and personal narratives to humanize Muslim identities. Shows how structured digital communication can reshape public perceptions and foster intercultural understanding. Keywords: Islamophobia, Social Media, Onepath Networks, Communication Strategies, Digital Counter-Narratives
Delay And Treatment of Infectious Mononucleosis in Children Mahamadzhonov Islombek Abdurasul Ugli
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12857

Abstract

General Background: Infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a common childhood infection that can lead to complications when diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Specific Background: Pediatric IM often shows atypical symptoms resembling other viral illnesses, causing frequent diagnostic delays. Knowledge Gap: There is limited evidence on how such delays affect disease severity and recovery in children. Aims: This study examined the relationship between diagnostic and treatment delays and clinical outcomes in pediatric IM. Results: Children diagnosed more than 10 days after symptom onset had longer recovery, more hepatic and lymphoid complications, and higher inflammation than those diagnosed early. Novelty: The study reveals a clear link between diagnostic delay and poorer outcomes in pediatric EBV infections. Implications: Early diagnosis and standardized management are essential to prevent complications and improve recovery in infected children. Highlight : Delay in diagnosis leads to prolonged illness and higher complication rates in children. Early diagnosis and treatment improve recovery and reduce systemic inflammation. Highlights the need for standardized pediatric diagnostic and treatment guidelines Keywords : Infectious mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus, diagnostic delay, pediatric infection, early treatment

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