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Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society
Published by Universitas Islam Depok
ISSN : 28303970     EISSN : 28277937     DOI : DOI Prefix: 10.59623
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Karimiyah Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society is an international open access and peer reviewed journal dedicated to publishing high quality original research in Islamic studies. The journal welcomes manuscripts in Islamic Education, Islamic Economics, Al Quran and Hadith Studies, Fiqh and Islamic Jurisprudence, Islamic History and Civilization, Islamic Psychology, Islamic Creed and Philosophy, Islamic Literature, Muslim Society, and Cross Cultural Studies.
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Articles 54 Documents
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THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA-BASED ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION ON CHARACTER FORMATION AND MENTAL HEALTH OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Muhammad Iqbal; Acep Nurullah
Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society
Publisher : Universitas Islam Depok

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59623/a1cktv80

Abstract

The proliferation of social media platforms particularly Instagram and TikTok among Indonesian university students has created both extraordinary pedagogical opportunities and complex psychological risks for Islamic Religious Education (Pendidikan Agama Islam, PAI). Objectives: This study examined (i) the influence of social media-based PAI learning on character formation; (ii) its influence on student mental health; (iii) differential effectiveness of Instagram versus TikTok; and (iv) a recommended integration model. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was employed with 320 valid respondents drawn from four State Islamic Universities (UIN) in Indonesia via stratified random sampling. Quantitative data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM-AMOS 24.0) and MANOVA; qualitative data from 24 purposively selected informants were processed through Braun & Clarke thematic analysis and NVivo 12. Social media-based PAI learning significantly predicted character formation (β = 0.672, p < .001) and mental health (β = 0.543, p < .001). A curvilinear effect on mental health emerged: moderate use (2–4 hours/day) was beneficial, whereas heavy use (> 5 hours/day) was detrimental (β = −0.421, p < .001). Instagram showed greater efficacy for religious and social character dimensions; TikTok excelled for moral and intellectual character. The combined-platform group achieved the highest scores on both outcomes. Character formation partially mediated the PSML–mental health relationship (indirect effect = 0.287, 95% CI [0.193, 0.389]). Social media can serve as a powerful pedagogical medium for PAI when structured through the proposed PEACE (Pedagogical, Ethical, Authentic, Creative, Evaluative) model. Institutional policies must integrate Islamic digital literacy into PAI curricula and support faculty professional development.
HUMANISTIC ISLAMIC EDUCATION AS A RESPONSE TO THE MORAL CRISIS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF ADOLESCENTS IN THE SOCIETY 5.0 ERA Ahmad Rahmadani; Nurul Hidayah Putri; Miftahul Ulum
Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society
Publisher : Universitas Islam Depok

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59623/qqesg618

Abstract

The Society 5.0 era presents multidimensional challenges for the moral and psychological development of Indonesian Muslim adolescents, marked by accelerating digital addiction, the erosion of ethical values, and a surge in psychological disorders including anxiety and depression. This study aims to examine and develop the concept of Humanistic Islamic Education as a systematic and epistemologically grounded response to this crisis, drawing primarily on the thought of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas concerning the Islamization of knowledge and the concept of taʼdib. Employing library research methodology with a critical-integrative analysis approach, this study examines the philosophical foundations of al-Attas’s educational thought, situates it within the contemporary Society 5.0 context, and develops a five-pillar operational model of Humanistic Islamic Education. The results demonstrate that Humanistic Islamic Education, anchored in the concepts of tauhid-as-episteme, taʼdib-as-methodology, insan kamil-as-telos, fitrah-as-point-of-departure, and tawazun-as-principle, constitutes a holistic pedagogical system capable of forming an integrated self-identity, cultivating psychological resilience, and providing a robust ethical foundation for adolescents navigating digital disruption. This model integrates spiritual (ruh), intellectual (ʻaql), and emotional (qalb) dimensions in a unified pedagogical framework, positioning itself as a substantive antithesis to the secular reductionism that dominates global education systems.
TRANSFORMATION OF CHARACTER EDUCATION THROUGH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY-BASED ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION Muhammmad Aziz; Tatang Aulia Rahman; Azman Ab Rahman
Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society
Publisher : Universitas Islam Depok

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59623/9vn93c85

Abstract

This study examines innovations in Digital Technology-based Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning with particular emphasis on Google Classroom as an instrumental vehicle for transforming students' character education. Amid the accelerating digitalization of education in the post-pandemic era, Islamic educational institutions face mounting pressure to respond creatively and adaptively to ongoing transformation without relinquishing their foundational moral and spiritual mission. Grounded in Paulo Freire's critical pedagogy as articulated in Pedagogy of the Oppressed and informed by contemporary principles of digital learning design, this study employs a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach that integrates a quantitative survey (n = 320) with in-depth qualitative interviews conducted across eight Islamic secondary schools in Java. The study systematically maps the effectiveness of Google Classroom-based Islamic Religious Education in forming students' religious character, digital integrity, and academic responsibility. Findings reveal statistically significant improvements across three key character dimensions: religious character increased by 38.4%, digital integrity by 45.2%, and academic responsibility by 41.7% following one full semester of integrated Digital-PAI model implementation. On the basis of these convergent empirical findings, this study formulates the TAPAK Model (Transformasi Aktif PAI berbasis Karakter / Active Transformation of Character-Based Islamic Education) as a validated implementation framework broadly adoptable by Islamic educational institutions navigating the challenge of meaningful digital transformation.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF MUSLIM GEN-Z SPIRITUALITY THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA AND MOSQUE COMMUNITIES Muammar Zulfiqri; Alip Nuryanto
Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society
Publisher : Universitas Islam Depok

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59623/vt3e0t33

Abstract

This study investigates how Muslim Generation Z (born 1997–2012) constructs their spirituality through the dual dynamics of social media engagement and mosque community participation in the contemporary digital era. Employing a systematic literature review methodology guided by the PRISMA framework and incorporating thematic analysis of 48 peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2026, the study maps the emerging landscape of digital Islamic piety and examines how online platforms particularly Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and Twitter/X intersect with physical community institutions such as mosque youth organizations (remaja masjid) in shaping Gen-Z Muslim spiritual identity. The findings reveal three primary mechanisms through which Gen-Z Muslim spirituality is constructed: (1) algorithmic exposure and voluntary content consumption on social media platforms, which democratize religious authority and generate new forms of "formless" or disembodied spirituality; (2) participatory engagement within mosque communities that anchors digital religious experiences in embodied, communal practices; and (3) the hybridization of online and offline religious spaces that produces a distinctive Gen-Z Islamic identity characterized by pragmatism, aesthetic sensibility, and selective religious commitment. The study further identifies critical tensions within this construction process, including the risk of performative piety (riya'), the challenge of religious misinformation, and the erosion of traditional ulama authority. Theoretically, this study contributes to the growing scholarship on digital religion and Muslim youth identity by proposing a "dual-axis spirituality" framework that conceptualizes Gen-Z Muslim religiosity as simultaneously vertical (the individual's relationship with God) and horizontal (social and communal expression). The findings carry significant implications for Islamic education, mosque administrators, and da'wah practitioners seeking to engage Gen-Z Muslims effectively in an increasingly digitalized world.
ISLAMIC DA‘WAH AND LOCAL WISDOM AS A STRATEGY FOR SOCIAL HARMONY IN MUSLIM COMMUNITIES: A QUALITATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY IN INDONESIA Muhammad Ismail; Yusron Razak
Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society
Publisher : Universitas Islam Depok

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59623/pq3ap320

Abstract

This study investigates the strategic role of Islamic da‘wah integrated with local wisdom in fostering social harmony within Muslim communities across diverse regions of Indonesia. In an era marked by rising religious polarization, digital misinformation, and socio-cultural fragmentation, the integration of Islamic communicative traditions with indigenous values offers a sustainable and contextually grounded approach to communal peace-building. Employing a qualitative phenomenological design, data were gathered from 42 participants across five Indonesian provinces through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentary analysis over a 12-month period (January–December 2023). Thematic analysis guided by the framework of Moustakas (1994) was used to interpret participants’ lived experiences. The findings reveal four interconnected themes: (1) the organic embedding of local values such as gotong royong (collective cooperation), musyawarah (deliberative consensus), and tepo seliro (mutual empathy) into da‘wah discourses; (2) the pivotal role of ulama (religious scholars) and mosque institutions as socially trusted mediators; (3) culturally adaptive da‘wah as a preventive mechanism against religious extremism; and (4) significant intergenerational and digital challenges confronting contemporary practitioners. This study demonstrates that local wisdom-based da‘wah is not merely a rhetorical adaptation but a structural strategy for building inclusive, moderate, and harmonious Muslim communities. The findings carry theoretical implications for Islamic communication theory, sociology of religion, and multicultural education, while offering practical recommendations for religious institutions and policy makers.
DIGITAL FRAGMENTATION OF FAITH: POLARIZATION OF ISLAMIC UNDERSTANDING IN DIGITAL SPACES AND ITS SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS FOR MUSLIM COMMUNITIES Afried Lazuardi; Agus Nilmada Azmi; Sasikirana Rizky Ramadhania
Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society
Publisher : Universitas Islam Depok

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59623/w1bdg498

Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital platforms has fundamentally restructured the landscape of Islamic religious discourse, generating conditions in which polarized interpretive communities emerge and consolidate among Muslim populations across the globe. This study investigates the mechanisms through which digital media environments catalyze the fragmentation of Islamic understanding and systematically examines the downstream social consequences for Muslim communities. Employing a systematic literature review methodology with thematic synthesis, we analyzed 48 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2025, with concentrated attention on scholarship produced between 2021 and 2023. Four principal mechanisms through which digital spaces produce interpretive polarization were identified: (1) algorithmic filtering that generates ideological echo chambers, (2) the unchecked democratization of religious authority enabling unverified interpretive claims to circulate widely, (3) the commodification of Islamic discourse for platform-driven audience engagement, and (4) the progressive erosion of traditional scholarly networks that historically moderated interpretive diversity. These mechanisms produce measurable social consequences, including deepened intracommunal tension, heightened identity-based conflict, the weakening of social cohesion, and the political instrumentalization of religious identity most acutely affecting younger Muslims. Against these tendencies, the study also identifies substantive countervailing forces: cyber-Islamic moderation movements, digital religious literacy initiatives, and organizationally grounded da'wah strategies that demonstrate the viability of constructive digital religious engagement. The theoretical contribution is the concept of "digital religious stratification," which models the structural interplay between platform architecture and Islamic interpretive diversity. These findings carry significant implications for religious educators, policymakers, platform developers, and Muslim civil society organizations committed to cultivating healthier conditions for religious discourse in increasingly digitalized public spheres.
TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC DA’WAH RESEARCH IN DIGITAL MEDIA: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS (2016–2023) Moh Ali; Burhan Burhan
Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society
Publisher : Universitas Islam Depok

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59623/nc13tn24

Abstract

The rapid digitalization of communication channels has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of Islamic da’wah, transforming how Islamic teachings are disseminated, received, and negotiated in the contemporary world. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scholarly literature on Islamic da’wah research in digital media published between 2016 and 2023. Drawing on 152 peer-reviewed articles retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, this study employs VOSviewer and Bibliometrix R-package to map intellectual structures, publication trends, keyword co-occurrences, and collaborative networks within this emerging field. Findings reveal a remarkable 1,075% increase in annual publication output over the study period, with accelerated growth particularly evident from 2020 onward—coinciding with global pandemic-induced digital migration. Six principal thematic clusters were identified: (1) platform-specific da’wah practices (YouTube, Instagram, TikTok); (2) digital religious authority and identity construction; (3) da’wah communication strategies; (4) Islamic education and digital literacy; (5) ethics, religious moderation, and social inclusion; and (6) bibliometric and scientometric meta-analyses of the da’wah field. Indonesia emerges as the dominant contributor, accounting for 61.2% of all publications, followed by Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. The analysis further identifies critical research gaps, including underexplored topics such as artificial intelligence-mediated da’wah, algorithmic influence on Islamic narrative formation, and cross-cultural reception studies. This study offers a robust intellectual map of the field and provides evidence-based direction for future scholars, policymakers, and Islamic communication practitioners.
ISLAMIC LIFESTYLE APPLICATIONS AND THE FULFILLMENT OF SPIRITUAL NEEDS AMONG MODERN MUSLIMS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH Marzuki Marzuki; Rofii&#039;atul Fitriyyah
Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society
Publisher : Universitas Islam Depok

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59623/aec8rk98

Abstract

The proliferation of Islamic lifestyle applications has fundamentally transformed the spiritual landscape of contemporary Muslim communities. This phenomenological study investigates how modern Muslims experience and derive spiritual meaning from Islamic mobile applications, with particular emphasis on the fulfillment of multidimensional spiritual needs. Employing an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) framework, this research engaged twelve purposively selected participants from diverse socioeconomic and educational backgrounds in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, digital diary recordings, and direct application observation sessions conducted between January and August 2024. Four primary phenomenological themes emerged: (1) the re-ritualization of daily worship through digital mediation; (2) the construction and negotiation of Islamic identity in digital spaces; (3) the democratization of religious authority and knowledge access; and (4) the tension between authentic spirituality and technological superficiality. Findings reveal that Islamic applications effectively fulfill pragmatic-ritual, intellectual-educational, and communal-social spiritual needs, yet simultaneously engender nuanced challenges related to depth of spiritual experience, authenticity of religious practice, and over-reliance on technological mediation. This study contributes an original phenomenological perspective to the growing discourse on digital Islam and technology-mediated religious experience, offering significant implications for application developers, religious educators, and policymakers in Muslim-majority societies.
THE HIJRAH PHENOMENON AS A SOCIAL IDENTITY AMONG MUSLIM MILLENNIALS IN INDONESIA Mohammad Izdiyan Muttaqin; Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na&#039;im
Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society
Publisher : Universitas Islam Depok

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59623/7dhs0h21

Abstract

The hijrah phenomenon a contemporary Islamic revivalist movement signifying a personal and communal turn toward more devout Muslim practice has emerged as one of the most salient socioreligious dynamics shaping the identity landscape of Indonesian Muslim millennials in the post-Suharto era. This article examines how hijrah functions not merely as a spiritual transformation but as a complex social identity marker that intersects with digital media consumption, peer-group dynamics, market forces, and broader socio-political configurations in contemporary Indonesia. Drawing on an integrative review of empirical studies published between 2019 and , this article synthesises findings from multiple urban and semi-urban contexts across the archipelago, including Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Medan, Aceh, and Lombok. Theoretically anchored in Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner), the sociology of religion (Giddens’ reflexive modernity), and the concept of “popular piety,” the article argues that hijrah constitutes a multi-layered identity project in which millennials negotiate selfhood between religious authenticity, digital performativity, and consumer culture. The article further explores how Islamic influencers, da’wah communities, and social media ecosystems serve as key agents in the production and circulation of hijrah as a social identity. It concludes by reflecting on the tensions inherent in the commercialisation of hijrah, the risk of superficial religiosity, and the potential of the movement to serve as a vehicle for genuine moral and civic transformation.
ISLAMIC LITERACY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL AWARENESS AMONG URBAN MUSLIMS IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION Titi Hendrawati; John Michael Anderson
Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society
Publisher : Universitas Islam Depok

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59623/hqrcs909

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between Islamic literacy and social awareness among urban Muslim communities in the context of accelerating globalization, with particular attention to Indonesia as the world’s largest Muslim-majority nation. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by PRISMA protocol, the study systematically screened 312 scholarly publications retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ERIC, DOAJ, and SINTA databases, covering the period 2018–2024. Following a rigorous three-stage selection procedure, 87 studies met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analyzed through a narrative-thematic synthesis approach. The findings reveal that Islamic literacy is inherently multidimensional, encompassing four analytically distinct yet interrelated dimensions: textual-classical, critical-interreligious, digital-media, and social-civic. These dimensions operate synergistically through four principal mechanisms: the formation of scripture-grounded ethical character, the cultivation of critical capacity for social resilience, the reinforcement of communal identity as a driver of prosocial action, and the development of cross-cultural competence. The evidence strongly indicates that when Islamic literacy is developed in an integrative manner, it functions simultaneously as a protective and constructive force reducing individual susceptibility to disinformation and extremist recruitment, nurturing inclusive and moderate religious identity, and strengthening ethically-grounded civic participation. Mosque-based literacy programs, institutionalized digital literacy initiatives, and formal Islamic educational institutions each play vital roles in producing Muslim communities capable of robust and socially responsible engagement with contemporary challenges. The study concludes that rather than rendering Islamic literacy obsolete, the era of globalization intensifies its urgency as a foundational resource for social consciousness.

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