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Jurnal Akademika Biologi
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26219824     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Jurnal Akademika Biologi diterbitkan oleh Departemen Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Jurnal ini sebagai media publikasi hasil karya ilmiah lulusan S1 Departemen Biologi. Jurnal Akademika Biologi menerima artikel-artikel yang berhubungan dengan bidang ilmu biologi.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 234 Documents
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KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KELIMPAHAN JENIS BURUNG PADA TAMAN KOTA SEMARANG, JAWA TENGAH Bimo Ghifari; Mochamad Hadi; Udi Tarwotjo
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 5 No. 4 Oktober 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

The City Park is conceived as a space that contains the elements of nature and landscape which is caused by vegetation diversity, activity and artificial elements that are provided as a social and recreational facilities, as well as a breathing space in the city. The Semarang State Park is one of the green open area that are also used by birds. On the other hand the city park has a problem that threatens the existence of birds especially the uncontrolled development. The diversity of the species of birds can be used as indicators of environmental quality, because their life is influenced by the physical, chemical, and biological cchanges in the environment. The research objective was to determine the diversity and abundance of the bird species, determine the composition of the guild of bird species, and to determine the status of the scarcity of birds in the city garden of Semarang. The research was conducted in July-August 2016, where observation was carried out in six state parks in Semarang using the point count method. The analysis of the index used are the abundance of species, species diversity index, evenness index, similarity index, chi square test and hucthinson method.Where795 individuals of birds were observed, covering 27 species and 17 families. The diversity of bird species index categorized moderately were 2.19 to 2.33, except on Park Madukoro which had the lowest category. The birds were categorized evenly with the index 0.74-0.83, except in the Madukoro Wildlife where the categories were fairly even. The composition of the most abundant guild is a group of insectivorous which is 41%. There are 27 species of birds in all six State Parks in Semarang which however have the status of Least Concern by the IUCN. Based on Government Regulation No. 7 of 1999, there are four species of birds included into the category which are protected.Keywords:  State Parks, bird, diversity, abundance, composition guild
Pengaruh Kombinasi Hormon Tumbuh Giberelin dan Auksin terhadap Perkecambahan Biji dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg.) Kunta Adi Tetuka; Sarjana Parman; Munifatul Izzati
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 4 No. 1 Januari 2015
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Rubber tree (Hevea brasilliensis Mull. Arg.) are commodities that have an important role in Indonesia. Gibberellin and auxin can accelerate seed dormancy breaking. The aim of this research was to study the effects of gibberellin and auxin on the germination and growth of Hevea brasilliensis Mull. Arg. This research was conducted in December 2014 until Pebruary 2015 in Bringin village, sub district of Bringin, Semarang Regency and Laboratory structure and function of plant biology, FSM Diponegoro University. The arrangment used is the full factorial pattern of random design (RAL) with two factors, namely the gibberellin (G0,G1,G2) and auxin (I0,I1,I2). This research using nine treatments, each of treatment are three replicates. Parameters were observed such as percent of germination, rate of germination, height of plant, number of leaves,length of the roots, wet weight, and dry weight. The analysis of data used is Analysist of Variances (ANOVA), if it shows significant results then continued with the test duncan’s multiple test (DMRT)in fact 95% level. The results showed that the hormone gibberellin 100 ppm to provide maximum results for improving germination percentage and germination rate Hevea brasilliensis Mull. Arg. Gibberellin100 ppm increasing germination percentage up to 28%  and germination rate up to 45%. Combination of 200 ppm gibberellin and auxin 100 ppm to provide maximum results for plant height with the increase reached 61%, wet weight up to 100 % and dry weight up to 159%. Key words: Hevea brasilliensis Mull. Arg., gibberellic acid, indol-3-acetic acid, germination, growth.
PENGARUH CaCl2.2H2O DAN WAKTU INKUBASI TERHADAP PRODUKSI INULINASE OLEH Pichia manshurica DUCC Y-015 DALAM SUBSTRAT TEPUNG UMBI DAHLIA Dahniar Saraswati; W Wijanarka; MG Isworo Rukmi
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 6 No. 3 Juli 2017
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Fructose production from inulin by inulinase only need one reaction enzimatic step and produce 95% fructose. Inulin obtained from dahlia tuber and inulinase produced by Pichia manshurica DUCC Y-015. Inulinase production (E.C. 3.2.1.7.) can be influenced by metal salt suplementation, such as CaCl2.2H2O. The purpose of this research were to known the influence of CaCl2.2H2O and incubation time to inulinase production by P. manshurica DUCC Y-015 on Dahlia Tuber Substrate. The design that use in this research were Randomized Factorial Block Design ( RAFBD ). Factor I (CO, C­1, C2, C3) as the concentration of CaCl2.2H2O (0 mM, 0.25 mM, 0.50 mM, 1.00 mM) and Factor II ( T12, T18, dan T24 ) as incubation time ( 6, 12, 18 hour), the repetition were 3 times. The result analyze by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and continued by LSD test. The result of this research indicate that CaCl2.2H2O and incubation time were not significantly influence to inulinase production. The highest inulinase production by Pichia manshurica DUCC Y-015 indicate by C2T12 treatment which use 0.50 mM CaCl2.2H2O and 12 hour incubation time, the enzyme activity is 0.60 IU/mLKey Words : CaCl2.2H2O, Dahlia tuber,  Incubation time, Inulin, Inulinase, Pichia manshurica DUCC Y-015.
ANALISIS ERITROSIT, LEUKOSIT, DAN HEMOGLOBIN KELINCI PADA UJI MATERI STAINLESS STEEL AISI 316L DAN POLIETILEN UHMWPE Vebry Tribianto; Koen Praseno; K Kasiyati
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 3 No. 1 Januari 2014
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

The research of the bone and an artificial hip joint using the non-import material dimensions of the Indonesian until now has not been done. Test about the effect of implantation of these materials for health conditions need to be conducted on animal models, such as the rabbit before it is applied directly in humans. This study aims to determine the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin rabbits after implantation of AISI 316L stainless steel and polyethylene UHMWPE implants as well as knowing the material that is safe for the body and can be used for artificial hip joint (hip joint replacement). This study compares the So: rabbit is not given implantation of stainless steel AISI 316L with Si: rabbits were implanted stainless steel AISI 316L, as well as comparing Po: rabbit is not given implantation polyethylene UHMWPE with Pi: rabbits were implanted polyethylene UHMWPE. The study was conducted over 10 weeks. Parameters measured were hemoglobin levels, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, the body weight and feed intake, then the data were analyzed using T test with SAS procedures at 95% significance level. The results showed that an increase in hemoglobin levels in rabbits with implantation of stainless steel AISI 316L and also polyethylene UHMWPE implantation rabbit, but still within the normal range. The number of erythrocytes and leukocytes of rabbits treated stainless steel AISI 316L implants and implantation treatment of polyethylene UHMWPE rabbit were not significant. It can be concluded that the AISI 316L stainless steel and polyethylene UHMWPE implant material could be safe for the body. Keywords: rabbit, stainless steel AISI 316L, polyethylene UHMWPE 
KEANEKARAGAMAN ANGGREK (Orchidaceae) DI CAGAR ALAM GEBUGAN, JAWA TENGAH Tria Farokhah; Sri Utami; Jumari Jumari
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 7 No.2 April 2018
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Anggrek  merupakan  tumbuhan  yang  mempunyai  nilai  estetika  tinggi.  Pengambilan anggrek secara langsung oleh masyarakat dari habitat aslinya, menyebabkan keberadaan aggrek di alam terancam. Potensi keanekaragaman   anggrek   yang   ada di   kawasan Cagar  Alam Gebugan perlu digali supaya kelestariannya tetap terjaga. Tujuan penelitian ini  adalah  untuk  mengetahui  keanekaragaman  serta kelimpahan  jenis  anggrek  serta mengetahui kondisi lingkungan di Cagar Alam Gebugan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan plot kuadrat dan penentuan letak plot secara sistematik pada 2 stasiun yang memiliki perbedaan ketinggian (900 m dpl dan 1045 m dpl). Dibuat 5 plot dengan ukuran 10 m x 10 m di masing-masing stasiun dengan jarak tiap plot 50 meter. Jenis anggrek  yang  ditemukan  di  Cagar  Alam  Gebugan  12  jenis  anggrek,  diantaranya 11 spesies anggrek epifit dan 1 spesies anggrek terestrial. Kelimpahan individu jenis anggrek relatif lebih tinggi pada tempat yang memiliki ketinggian yang lebih tinggi. Micropera sp merupakan jenis anggrek yang kelimpahannya paling tinggi dan Corymborkis veratrifolia merupakan jenis anggrek dengan kelimpahan terendah. Kondisi lingkungan Cagar Alam Gebugan sesuai untuk menjadi tempat hidup anggrek.
OPTIMASI PEMBERIAN PUPUK GRAMAFIX DALAM DEGRADASI CEMARAN MINYAK BUMI OLEH BAKTERI INDIGENOUS SECARA IN VITRO Linda Safitri; Agung Suprihadi; Endang Kusdiyantini; Yeti Darmayati
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 3 No. 2 April 2014
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Petroleum pollution has bad impact for life in marine ecosystems, particularly in coastal areas. One method of handling the pollution is bioremediation using bacteria that are able to degrade and utilize petroleum hydrocarbons as carbon source. One technique of bioremediation is biostimulation, that is the addition of nutrients that can improve the process of oil degradation by degrading bacteria. Nutrient slow-release fertilizer are used, one of which is Gramafix. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of Gramafix in increasing degradation of petroleum contaminants by indigenous bacteria. Four concentrations of Gramafix as treatments are P1 (0,085 g), P2 (0,171 g), P3 (0,341 g) and P4 (0,682 g), as well as the negative control treatment (no fertilizer and bacteria) and positive control (with bacteria, without fertilizer). Observations were carried out  four times, on 0, 7, 14 and 28 days of incubation. The parameters used are heavy oil using the gravimetric method, the total number of bacterial cells using Acridine Orange Direct Counting and environmental factors such as nitrogen contents, phosphorus contents, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity. Analysis of the data using a completely randomized design (CRD) with ANOVA and Duncan test. The results showed the P3 can improve the process of oil degradation by bacteria that degrade the highest percentage of 65,91% in the 28 days of incubation, it also has more bacterial cells than other treatments. The result of this study is the addition of 0,341 g Gramafix is optimum for enhancing the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by degrading bacteria. Keywords: Pollution, petroleum, bioremediation, biostimulation, slow-release fertilizer.
ANALISIS MIKOFLORA DALAM MAKANAN FERMENTASI TRADISIONAL KEMPONG DI DESA KARANGPUCUNG KIDUL, LINGGAPURA BUMIAYU JAWA TENGAH Devia Kusmawati Arfina; Endang Kusdiyantini; MG Isworo Rukmi
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 2 No. 1 Januari 2013
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Kempong is a traditional fermented foods which is traditionally made of palm kernel cake substrate from the South Karangpucung Linggapura Bumiayu village, Central Java. This study is aimed to identify a mold which has a role in the fermentation process and testing in an activity of Kempong’s enzyme from mycoflora obtained. Proximate analysis of the samples of mold and palm kernel cake are conducted to determine the nutrient content of the substrate and fermentation products. The Results isolation, from the environment, substrate, laru and product, show 14 isolates of  molds, there are R.oryzae, A. niger Van Tieghem, A. carbonarius, Geotrichum candidum, A. ochraseus, Rhizomucor sp, A. chevalieri, A. tamarii, A. oryzae, A. flavus, A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, A. glaucus, and A. parasiticus. R. oryzae is a mold found in every material examined. It indicates that the fermentation is done mainly soothers by    R. oryzae. Proximate analysis of the kempong, shows a levels of carbohydrate 16.67%, 74.03% water, 0.75% ash, 2.80% fat and 5.77% protein. Nutrients content except water are lower than the substrate palm kernel cake. Decreasing of protein, fat, and carbohydrate fermentation are caused by R. oryzae. Keywords: kempong, mycoflora, enzyme activity, proximate analysis.
PANJANG DAN BOBOT SALURAN REPRODUKSI PUYUH BETINA (Coturnix coturnix japonica) SETELAH PEMBERIAN TEPUNG KUNYIT (Curcuma longa L.) Isna Handayani; Silvana Tana; Tyas Rini Saraswati
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 2 No. 3 Juli 2013
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) is a kind of fowl that produces eggs. The protein and fat in quail eggs that is higher than other eggs has become the reason why quail eggs has been chosen to fulfill the needs of nutrition. Quail breed and grow in 42 days. This study was intended to measure the lenght and weight of quail reproductive tract after given some amount of turmeric powder. The experiment was used 60 quail that was divided into three groups 4 different treatments in 5 repetition. The treatment was started when quail was 3 week-old during a month. The parameter in this research was the lenght and weight of reproductive tract using Complete Random Design. Data obtained was then analyzed using Analysis of Variant (ANOVA). The result shows was not differences in the lenght of reproductive tract, the weight of reproductive tract, food consumption and water consumption. The conclusion of the research is that turmeric powder (Curcuma longa L.) has not been proven to develop the cells in quail reproductive tract.    Keywords : Turmeric powder, quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), lenght and weight of reproductive tract.
AKTIVITAS SPESIFIK SELULASE Serratia marcescens DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI AMONIUM SULFAT ((NH4)2SO4) DAN pH Prawatya Cahyani; W Wijanarka; Budi Raharjo
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 6 No. 2 April 2017
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Cellulose is a component found in the cellular structure in almost all plant matter, its existence considered to be the most abundant on earth, and even excreted by some bacteria. Cellulose degradation is performed by cellulase enzymes consisting of three components, namely, endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase enzyme with glucose as the final product. Cellulase utilization is often used in the textile, food and paper industries, whereas in the field of pharmaceuticals, cellulase enzymes are used to maintain optimal digestive health or produce substances that act as binding tablets such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentration of ammonium sulfate and optimum pH for cellulose specific activity of Serratia marcescens. Determination of cellulase activity was done by DNS method, while determination of protein content was done by Lowry method. This research uses Randomized Block Design (RAK) factorial pattern with two factors. The first factor was variation of ammonium sulfate concentration which consisted of (0%, 0,75% and 1%). The second factor is the variation of pH consisting of 6, 7, and 8. Each factor is repeated 3 times. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the combination of ammonium sulphate concentration variation with pH was not optimum to increase cellulose specific activity of S. marcescens.    Keywords: Cellulase, Ammonium sulfate, pH, Serratia marcescens
Bioprospeksi Bakteri Yang Berasosiasi Dengan LamunEnhalus acoroidesdan Syringodium isoetifoliumSebagai Penghasil Senyawa Antibakteri Luthfy AN; Endang Kusdiyantini; Anto Budiharjo
Jurnal Akademika Biologi Vol. 4 No. 4 Oktober 2015
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip

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Abstract

Bacteria can grow in variety of environments including those associated with marine organisms such as seagrasses, sponge, algae and soft corals. Bacteria association has the ability to produce bioactive compounds that can be used as a defense against pathogens and their hosts by producing secondary metabolites such as antibacteria compounds. This study aimed to asses the potential of bacteria associated with seagrasses Enhalus acoroides and Syringodium isoetifolium. This study was conducted with bacterial isolation from seagrass E. acoroides and S. isoetifolium, characterization of bacterial isolatesin morphology, antibacterial test, and biochemcal activity test. The result obtained four bacterial isolates, two isolates of Syringodium isoetifolium and two isolates of Enhalus acoroides. Two isolates from Syringodium isoetifolium had the largest ability inhibitory zone of inhibtion against the bacteria P. Aeruginosa (5.7mm) and against the bacteria E. coli (6.65mm).Key word : Antibacterial Compound, Seagrass-Associated Bacteria, Vibrio, Enhalus acoroides,      Syringodium isoetifolium

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