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Journal of International Relations Studies
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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Articles 609 Documents
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Pengaruh Cyber Attack terhadap Kebijakan Cyber Security Amerika Serikat Nugroho, Kristian Aji; Windiani, Reni
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 3, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

This research aims to determine how the effect caused by cyber attack on cybersecuritypolicy in the United States This research is a descriptive study with guided by theframework of the concept of crime of caliber is a transnational crime by UNTOC, publicpolicy theory of Van Meter and Van Horn is a model of process of policy implementation,and constructivism caused by social interaction in society and international politicalculture make cybersecurity policy implemented in national and international scope. Thisresearch is a qualitative research using library research as a data source. The resultsobtained from the level of cyber attacks experienced by the United States affect the publicpolicy in the United States so that cybersecurity policy is made to maintain the securityand national sovereignty of the United States.
UPAYA INDONESIA DALAM MENCEGAH PERDAGANGAN ILEGAL SENJATA API BERKALIBER KECIL DAN RINGAN PADA TAHUN 2006-2008 Wulandari, Putri Arianingsih Suci; Hanura, Marten; Susitianingsih, Hermini
Journal of International Relations Volume 1, Nomor 2, Tahun 2015
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Illicit trafficking of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) is animportant issue as it can be the source of the emerging conflicts andtransnational crimes. Indonesia is one of the destination countries of thiscrime. This issue can be a threat for human rights, security, and thedevelopment of the country. Transnational crime theory, liberalinstitutionalism,and international regime, are used in this research.Those theories explain that cooperation and international regime areneeded by Indonesia to solve the Illicit trafficking of SALW. Therefore,Indonesia has adopted UNPoA as a standard to implement the preventionof Illicit trafficking of SALW’s problem in national, regional, and globallevel. However, in 2007-2008, Illicit trafficking of SALW issue inIndonesia decreased after facing a previous significant increase. Thisresearch aims to know Indonesia’s capability to prevent Illicit traffickingof SALW through UNPoA implementation. Descriptive-Analysis type ofresearch is used to describe the history of Illicit trafficking of SALW inIndonesia, then to analyse Indonesia’s efforts through UNPoA byidentifying the obstacles and the stimulant. The results of this researchshows that Indonesia has been good enough to prevent Illicit traffickingof SALW. However, there had been some factors as geographic,economic, socio-culture, law, and foreign policy, that detained the effortsto prevent Illicit trafficking of SALW.
Analisis Kebijakan Ghana Menangani Digital Dumping Ground di Agbogbloshie Purnama, Oliex Candra; Putranti, ika Riswanti
Journal of International Relations Volume 5, Nomor 4, Tahun 2019
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

As technology develops, the need for information technology devices increases. It wouldalso increase the electronic waste products. This study aims to describe how the policies andactions of the Ghanaian government dealing with e-waste issues. Based on the data collected,Ghana to receive e-waste from many different development countries. Ghana, in the city ofAgbogbloshie is the largest digital dumping ground in the world. E-waste is a hazardous wastethat has a long-term impact on society and the environment. In this study, authors used theDescriptive research method. This research is problem solving that investigated and analyzed bydescribing the subject or object of state, person, institution, society and others. The author foundthat Ghana is implementing a prefentive policy strategy and conducts more detailed oversight indealing with e-waste. Nevertheless, in 2016 Ghana has become the largest landfill in the world.In addition, Ghana has also conducted several collaborations in dealing with e-waste with othercountries such as China, Israel and the United Kingdom.
16. Dinamika Kerjasama Littoral States dan User States dalam Penanganan Kasus Perompakan Kapal: Studi Kasus Selat Malaka dan Selat Singapura (2010-2014) Sari, Iffah Permata; Utomo, Tri Cahyo; Paramasatya, Satwika
Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 1, Tahun 2017
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Malacca and Singapore straits are among the world’s most important SLOC (Sea Lines ofCommunication) and SLOT (Sea Lines of Trade) which categorized as armed robberyprone areas. Based on UNCLOS art. 43, littoral states and user states should cooperate toovercome this issue. On the other hand, they have different interests in Malacca andSingapore straits. This research discuss the different interest between littoral states anduser states and how it effects the dynamic cooperation on combating armed robberyagainst ship in Malacca and Singapore Straits from 2010 to 2014. This study found thatthe different interest between those countries effected the cooperation on combating armedrobbery. Furthermore, it also influence the main purpose and activities of the cooperation.The dynamic cooperation between littoral states and user states emerges on multilateral,trilateral, and bilateral cooperation. This research is carried out by using descriptiveanalysisand qualitative method. This study incorporates the framework of internationalcooperation theory to observe the dynamic cooperation as the conceptual basis of theresearch.
Analisis Trade Transparency Unit dalam Mengatasi Trade Based Money Laundering di Amerika Serikat Tahun 2004-2016 Dewandani, Nur Islamia; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 4, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Trade Transparency Unit (TTU) cooperation was officially formed by the United States on 2004. The cooperation aimed to overcoming Trade Based Money Laundering (TBML) crime. This research aimed to analyze which factors most likely affected the formation of that cooperation (TTU). Quantitative research method was used in this research with independent variables such as GDP, Distance, Trade, membership of FATF and Egmont Group to the dependent variable TTU cooperation. By using the modification of gravity model and membership of international organizations toward TBML, this research obtained some results. That some independent variables such as GDP, Distance, Trade and membership of Egmont Group were significant to TTU cooperation meanwhile the membership of FATF was not significant to TTU cooperation.
Peran Arctic Council dalam Menangani Dampak Peningkatan Penggunaan Kapal Pemecah Es di Kawasan Arktik Putri, Noviar Indira Mikayla; Putranti, Ika Riswanti
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

As a region which holds an important role in keeping the Earth’s temperature, Arctic’s accelerated climate change will not just endanger countries near the Arctic region, but also the world. One of the factors which accelerated the climate change is the increasing use of icebreakers in the past few decades. This research aims to find out the reasons behind the increasing number of icebreakers usage by Arctic Council’s member-states in the past few decades, even though the use of icebreakers harm Arctic Ocean’s sea ice and prevent Arctic Council from fulfilling their purpose. This research uses the theory of liberal institutionalism by Robert Keohane with data collected from conducting literature review. The results of this research show that Arctic Council’s member-states hinder the purpose of the Arctic Council to protect the environment because of their national interests, particularly in economy, that cannot be achieved in the Arctic Council resulting in order to fulfill the interests, countries take their own action.
6. DAMPAK PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN NUKLIR KOREA UTARA TERHADAP HUBUNGAN BILATERALNYA DENGAN TIONGKOK TAHUN 2013 – 2015 Isnaeni, Nur Afiyah; Utomo, Tri Cahyo; Hanura, Marten
Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 3, Tahun 2017
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

China and North Korea have had good bilateral relations, as the result of their geographical proximity and their similar ideology (communist). China’s status as a member of the UN Security Council and its stable economy, causes North Korea to depend on diplomatic and economic support from China. North Korea needs diplomatic support from China because its nuclear proliferation since North Korea decided to withdraw from the non-proliferation treaty. As North Korea’s closest ally, China provided diplomatic support by not fully supporting UN sanctions for North Korea’s first and second nuclear tests. However, China did not provide diplomatic support when North Korea launched the third nuclear test, on the contrary, China supported UN Sanction towards North Korea. This research aims to analyze the causes of China’s policy changes toward North Korea nuclear test. The theoritical framework in this research is the concept of neo-classical realism. The type of this research is descriptive, using qualitative data analysis techniques from literatures review. This research shows that there are two causes of China’s policy changes toward North Korea nuclear test, which are: the international structure (pressure from the United States) and China’s domestic conditions (leader, power, and society).
KEBIJAKAN INDONESIA BELUM MERATIFIKASI KONVENSI OECD ON COMBATING TRANSNATIONAL BRIBERY PERIODE 2014-2017 Intan Cahyani, Fransiska Friska; Windiani, Reni
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 4, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Indonesia faced menace of transnational bribery problems within the escalation of international trade flows, yet Indonesia does not have rule settling transnational bribery. Indonesia is one of four countries in G20 who have not ratified OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. Whereas, as an ACWG G20 member, Indonesia is required to obey the Action Plan which one of the points is to ratify the OECD convention. This study aims to understand the background of Indonesia’s postponement policy of ratifying the convention related to Indonesia’s status as ACWG G20 member. Using non-compliance concept of compliance theory and qualitative method its is known the factors that resulted in the attitude of postponement policy, such as ambiguities in the interpretation of ACWG Action Plans, the incapability of Indonesia to fulfill the preconditions of OECD convention, and the influence of temporal dimension which influenced Indonesia primary priorities to improve the economy and the development of infrastructure as stated in Nawa Cita.
4. ANALISIS HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK INDONESIA-BRASIL TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN HUKUMAN MATI KEPADA DRUG TRAFFICKER DI INDONESIA (2009-2015) Dewi, Widya Sarah; Utomo, Tri Cahyo; Hanura, Marten
Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2016
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Worldwide illegal drug trafficking has been constantly increasing. Many countries believethat drug crimes need a special penalization to give a deterrent effect to the perpetrators,one of which is in the form of capital punishment. Indonesia is one of the countries thathas been placing death penalty to the drug users as well as the traffickers. This widelycontroversial approach has been equally applied to many offenders regardless of theirorigins; locals and foreigners, including recently to the Brazilian drug traffickers. Thisresearch discusses the influence of Indonesian death penalty policy to the Brazilians drugtraffickers and how it effects the relations of Indonesia and Brazil. This study found thatthe death sentence policy in Indonesia has made quite an impact to the bilateral relations ofBrazil and Indonesia, where it particularly affects several aspects of economy, military,and especially political relations of the two countries. This research is carried out by usingdescriptive-explanative and qualitative method, focusing on the process and the actualevent of the case gathered from a number of sources and data. This study incorporates theframework of rational choice theory of the decision making policy as the conceptual basisof the research.
Cyber Laundering melalui Online Games: Potensi Ancaman Keamanan Ekonomi Kaloka, Muchamad Kibar; Putranti, Ika Riswanti; Puspapertiwi, Sheiffi
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The development of money laundering modus has begun to move into the digital and the internet world, which triggers the emerging of potential of new threats. One of these potentials is the potential threat of cyber laundering through online games. The world of entertainment market, especially in the field of online games that continues to grow has the potential to invite potential money launderers. In Indonesia, this market still does not have a strong regulation. It creates a gap for cyber laundering. This research seeks to see how big the potential threat is and whether the Indonesian government has realized about the potential threat, and how are the chances of the issue to be securitized by the Indonesian government. The research method used is quantitative and qualitative by collecting data and analyzing them to find out how big the potential of the threat and the securitization opportunities of the threat. The result of this research shows that there is a lack of securitization from the Indonesian government due to the related parties in the field of gaming and the government itself has not realized the potential of this threat, so there are gaps that can be entered by potential money launderers.

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