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Journal of International Relations Studies
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Core Subject : Education,
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Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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Articles 609 Documents
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Antara Ketidakpatuhan dan Sejarah Masa Lalu: Analisis Kepatuhan Negara Indonesia terhadap Konvensi ICERD, Studi Kasus Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan Papua Barokah, Novia Sekar Tanjung; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 3, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Complying with an international convention that ratified by state is an obligation for thecountry. In this regard, Indonesia has ratified the International Convention on Eliminationof All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) since 1999. As a matter of its obligation,Indonesia has implemented formal compliance to ICERD convention through its policiesto eliminate all form of racial discrimination issued after the ratification of the convention.Nevertheless, there are some forms of policy that discriminate against certain ethnics inIndonesia. For example, the Instruction of the Head of the Region number K.898/I/A/1975which prohibits non-indigenous citizen from owning the rights of land in Yogyakarta andgovernment policy toward indigenous people especially Amungme tribe in Papua whosetheir rights of land is violated by PT Freeport Indonesia. This thesis analyzing the causesof Indonesia’s compliance and non-compliance toward ICERD convention using thetheory of compliance by Ronald B. Mitchell. The result shows that the cause ofIndonesia’s formal compliance caused by state dependent interest. While the causes ofIndonesia’s non-compliance shows different results, which is caused by incapacity andcaused by preference from two cases that has been analyze. Nevertheless, both cases havesimilarities which is historical factor also influencing state’s non-compliance in the present.
IMPLEMENTASI COUNTER-TRAFFICKING INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) DALAM MENANGGULANGI PERDAGANGAN MANUSIA DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2007-2013 Puspahapsari, Adiningrum; Utomo, Tri Cahyo; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko
Journal of International Relations Volume 1, Nomor 3, Tahun 2015
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

In human trafficking, Indonesia as a country not only act as asource, but also a transit and a destination. The number of humantrafficking cases have been increasing since Indian Ocean tsunamioccured. According to Trafficking in Persons (TIP), Indonesia’sposition is at Tier 2, meaning that Indonesia governement has notmet the minimum standards of Trafficking Victims Protection Act(TVPA), but still showing some efforts to meet the standards. Tocombat human trafficking, Indonesia has cooperated with IOMthrough one of its law enforcement body, Indonesian National Police(INP). This research aims to analyze the cause of the increasingnumber of human trafficking cases although several IOM’s countertraffickingefforts have been placed throughout 2007-2013 period.This research employs theory of international cooperation andinternational organization with neoliberalism paradigm to analyzethe data collected through literature studies, documentation, andinterview as well. The result shows that the ineffectiveimplementation of IOM’s counter-trafficking efforts was notnecessarily caused by the abscence of mutual interests, but by theinavailability of quick feedback to deal with the constraints occuringduring the cooperation.
Kerjasama Anti-Perdagangan Narkoba Amerika Serikat dan Kuba Sebagai Isu Keamanan Nasional Pada Era Pemerintahan Donald J. Trump Esmeralda, Ranisa; Putranti, Ika Riswanti
Journal of International Relations Volume 5, Nomor 4, Tahun 2019
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Despite all of the conflicts involving the two countries, in reality, the United States of America has an anti-drug trafficking cooperation with Cuba. This research aims to explain the reason on why the U.S. wants the cooperation. The non-traditional security concept will assist this research in explaining the aforementioned cooperation between the U.S. and Cuba. In this advanced era, drugs have evolved into one of the complex problems that is included in the issues of non-traditional security. As for the countermeasure, the non-traditional security concept believes that transnational approach is the perfect way to do it. Under the government of President Trump, U.S. seemed to be more focused on domestic countermeasures. While Cuba, as the weaker state and has less power, is also threatened by the troubling problems that arises from drugs. Therefore, the cooperation between the two countries is deemed as the perfect way to countermeasure all of the problems spiraling from drugs and to protect the national security of each country.
2. Analisis Pola Kerjasama Aktor Negara dan Non-negara dalam Penanganan Kejahatan Transnasional di Area Konservasi Harimau Sumatera Birendra, Muhammad Basyir; Windiani, Reni; Rosyidin, Mohamad
Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 2, Tahun 2017
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Sumatran Tiger is endemic sub-species from Indonesia whose status is internationally protected by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered of Wild Flora and Fauna). In 2007, the number of Sumatran Tiger was only around 400 individuals spreads over Sumatran Tiger conservation. In order to respond the thread of extinction of Sumatran Tiger, Indonesian government has established cooperation with International Non Governmental Organization working on wildlife conservation. This research aims to analyze cooperation pattern between Ministry of Environment and Forestry/MOEF with WCS-IP in tackling poaching and illegal trafficking of Sumatran Tiger body parts. This research use the concept of state-nonstate actor cooperation through supplementary pattern, complementary pattern, and adversaries pattern. The result showed that supplementary pattern is done by providing support in human resource and financial sector by WCS-IP, complementary pattern is done by distribution of authority from MoEF to WCS-IP, and adversaries pattern is done by WCS-IP’s support to changes in government policies and regulations. Based from all of the pattern, supplementary pattern is the most dominant because the compatibility between implementations with the concept and fulfill the vision and mission factor, coordination factor, and trust factor.
PERAN NCB INTERPOL INDONESIA DALAM MENANGANI KASUS TRANSNATIONAL INTERNET FRAUD TAHUN 2011-2014 Rakhmadani, Herweningtyas; Windiani, Reni; Basith Dir, Andi Akhmad
Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 1, Tahun 2016
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Indonesia is one among countries that has a growing rate of internet users.As any other country in the world, various activities in Indonesia are held inthe internet, such as communication. Despite its positive side, internet has anegative side that allows criminals to commit crimes within itself, such asfraud. This kind of crime is executed by the criminal by deceiving its potentialvictim with false information in order to fulfill its personal gains through thevery function of the internet, communication channel. The condition will getworse as the crime is undertaken transcending national boundary whichmake it more difficult for law enforcement agency to solve regarding thedifference of jurisdiction. To deal with the case, Indonesia has been in aninternational police cooperation called Interpol and works through itsNational Central Bureau, NCB Interpol, in Indonesia. This research aims toknow the role of NCB Interpol Indonesia in handling transnational internetfraud case and to analyze the efficiency of it. This research is descriptiveanalytical which employs qualitative method and theory of internationalorganization with liberalism paradigm to analyze the data collected throughliterature studies, documentation, and interview as well. The result showsthat NCB Interpol Indonesia has the role as a facilitator of the two parties,Indonesia and Interpol, and is efficient enough in the field.
Pengaruh Budaya Strategis Amerika Serikat Terhadap Kebijakan Luar Negeri Barack Obama dan Donald Trump dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Suriah Noviyanti, Noviyanti; Windiani, Reni
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Barack Obama and Donald Trump are the president of the United States who has different political parties. Obama is from democratic party meanwhile Donald Trump is from republican party. In Syria conflict settlement, Obama and Trump both has several foreign policies. This reasearch aims to described how US strategic culture affects Barack Obama and Donald Trump foreign policy in Syria conflict settlement. This reasearch is using qualitative method. This reasearch is also using constructivism approach perceiving strategic culture. The result of this research is strategic culture has affects Barack Obama and Donald Trump foreign policy in Syria conflict settlement. The implication of evil vs good strategic culture is there US has reppresive policy to Bashar al Assad policy in Syria Conflict. The implication of exeptionalism strategic culture are the withdrawal of US in cooperation or international forum as well as threathening and attacking the Syrian Government
Kinerja ECPAT (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes) dalam Menangani Perdagangan Seks Anak di Kamboja Mandaratri, Bidara Palupi; Susiatiningsih, Hermini; Paramasatya, Satwika
Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

This research aims to find out the factors that influence ECPAT’s performance in dealing with child sex trafficking issues in Cambodia. Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in Asia and child sex industry is a growing business in Cambodia. Cambodia is well-known as one of the destinations for child sex tourist from Asia and Western countries. Cambodia’s popularity as a child sex tourism destination can be linked by several factors such as, historical, cultural, poverty, corruption and weak law enforcement factors. Although prohibited by law, the child sex industry is still rampant across Cambodia, especially in tourist attractions. To address this issue, Cambodia government take actions by cooperating with ECPAT, which is a non-governmental organization whose focus is to eliminate Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children. However, the number of trafficked children to fulfill demand of sex tourism industry are still growing. This problem will be analyzed by using liberalism perspective, concept of international organization and organizational performance. The research method is descriptive which used to describing the child sex trafficking issues which is aimed to fulfill demand of Cambodia’s sex tourism industry. The result of this research shows that child sex trafficking in Cambodia is still growing despite the efforts of Cambodian Government and ECPAT, because of external factors that hinder ECPAT’s performance, which is the growing corruption in Cambodia. It causes ECPAT’s efforts to combat child sex trafficking in Cambodia cannot work effectively.
INTERNASIONALISASI KONFLIK INTERNAL KELOMPOK SEPARATISME EUSKADI TA ASKATASUNA (ETA) DI SPANYOL Sekar Sari, Afifah Veriyana; Pattipelohy, Shary Charlotte
Journal of International Relations Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) was originally only a discussion group for students at Deusto University. However, as a result of dictatorial leadership and discriminatory attitudes adopted by General Fransisco Franco, the ETA group was created as a group that carried out all kinds of acts of violence, aimed at liberating the Basque Country. The act of separatism carried out by ETA separatist groups has become a threat to the Spanish state. Various negotiations have been carried out by the Spanish Government in order to build peace in their relations, but have not been able to end internal conflicts that occurred in the country which is a member state of the European Union. One of the strengths of the ETA separatism group comes from the relationship that exists between the ETA separatism group and terrorist groups from other countries that entered the international network. In this study, the author use the theories: Protracted Social Conflict, Conflict Internationalization, and Sources of Contemporary Conflict to explain that internal conflicts that have occurred for more than 50 years are due to the desire of the Basque Country to separate from the Spanish state. The research method used is qualitative which is carried out by collecting and analyzing data, to find out the reasons for internal conflicts between ETA separatism groups and the Government has not been able to find a way of peace.
10. PRIMORDIALISME DALAM HUBUNGAN TRANSNASIONAL: PERAN IDENTITAS DALAM MENDORONG ARUS PENGUNGSI SURIAH KE LEBANON, 2011 – 2014 Pratama, Ramaditya Anugrah; Utomo, Tri Cahyo; Rosyidin, Mohammad
Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2016
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

This research aims to determine why the Syrian refugees choose to seek shelters inLebanon and to analyze the role of identity on their influx to Lebanon. Lebanon hasbecome the second largest refugee host country in the world, receiving nearly 1,2 millionrefugees as of 2014. In fact, Lebanon is a country with a limited economic capabilitiescompounded by sectarian conflict, resource scarcity, and a political instability. From aconstructivist approaches, this researches argues that there are non-strategic considerationsthat underlines the refugees' decision to travel across border to Lebanon, particularly thepresence of kinship, brotherhood, and common identities which underlies the openness forrefugees and a positive reception from the Lebanese people. Those primordial ties led to acollaborative, integrative, and positive relations between people from two countries. Thisresearch further proves a constructivist assumption that in transnational relations is notmerely driven by a rational considerations, but also in a non-rational aspect in thisparticular case, under the basis of primordial ties.
Peran United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee (UNHCR) dalam Menangani Pengungsi Suriah Korban Sexual and Gender-based Violence (SGBV) di Lebanon Shabrina, Adinda Ayu; Windiani, Reni; Basith Dir, Andi Akhmad
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Sexual and gender-based violence is a violence directed against someone based on their gender or sex. SGBV can happen not only in times of peace but also in times of war. This is also what happens in Lebanon to the refugees from Syria. These Syrian refugees have to face and deal with sexual violence and harrassment like rape, survival sex, and early marriage. This research will analyze the roles UNHCR have in handling SGBV victims in Lebanon using the international organization theory by Clive Archer and humanitarian diplomacy concept by Larry Minear and Hazel Smith. This research aims to identify the presence of each activities of humanitarian diplomacy in Lebanon and analyze the role of UNHCR according to the international organization theory. This research uses the literature study method with 2012-2016 set as its timeframe. The result of this research is that humanitarian diplomacy activities are present in Lebanon, and UNHCR has played its role as an international organization in Lebanon.

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