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Journal of International Relations Studies
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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Articles 609 Documents
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Analisis Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Korea Selatan Dalam Pemasangan Sistem Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) Qonita, Maulida Ibnaty; Hanura, Marten
Journal of International Relations Volume 5, Nomor 4, Tahun 2019
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

A country's foreign policy is the most important thing in the continuity of relations with other countries, but does not leave behind the values that apply in the domestic sphere. Policy makers need to consider domestic interests in order to set the policies. The policy of installing the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile system in South Korea was determined in response to a North Korean nuclear test. However, this policy caused various negative reactions from domestic and other countries. Furthermore, negative reactions also comes from other countries such as China for several reasons of their objections. This study aims to determine the factors that cause changes in South Korea's foreign policy in the installation of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile system. This study uses the Upper-left Box Liberalism theory with an actor-centrational rationalist approach. This type of research is qualitative which aims to understand the process of changing a country's foreign policy. The results of the research are domestic interests and international restrains influence a country in establishing its foreign policy. For further research, the authors suggest discussing this case with other views or theories so that they can be seen from various perspectives. Moreover, the discussion of South Korea's policies in the installation of anti-missiles can be seen from the point of view of other countries that the authors are unable to discuss further and more detail.
Analisis Kelemahan Rezim European Union Emission Trading Scheme dalam Menghadapi Carousel Fraud pada Tahun 2010 – 2015 Wibowo, Muhammad Faris Hersanda; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 4, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

European Union Emission Trading Scheme as the world largest carbon trading regime, has launched in 2005. From 2005 until now EU ETS has been pass three phase, which every period has a significant change on EU ETS regime. Carousel fraud is one of fraud which harms European union member states, in EU ETS carousel fraud is make EU country loss their GDP until 5 billion euro in 2011. EU ETS regime is struggling to counter this fraud, in order to secure their member states from carousel fraud in the future EU ETS through European Commision recommend anti-fraud mechanism which every country should implement. But not all states comply with the recommendation from European Commision. This research is struggling to find out why not all EU ETS member states comply with European Commission recommendation. For the record, EU ETS is “classic” fraud which also happens in many Europe commodity market. This research purpose is to find out why there is no consensus among EU member states. This research uses qualitative research method with international regime theory and compliance theory to analyze regime and states behavior. According to the result of this research, national interest is the main reason why states not meet the consensus, non-states actor also playing significant rules in EU ETS and them also responsible for carousel fraud which happens in EU ETS.
5. EVALUASI KERJASAMA UNODC DAN PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM MENGATASI PERDAGANGAN NARKOBA JENIS CRYSTALLINE METHAMPHETAMINE DI INDONESIA (2007-2013) Putra, Adhimukti Parama; Windiani, Reni; P, Shary Charlotte
Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2016
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Crystalline methamphetamine, also known in Indonesia as sabu, is a kind of illegal drugthat is currently getting high demand in Indonesia. Based on the information from BNNand UNODC the number of drug use and trafficking of crystalline methamphetamine inIndonesia is really high. Indonesia in this position really need UNODC recommendationsto overcome this new kind of drug. Based on the background, this research’s purpose is toshow how Indonesian Government's implementing partnership with UNODC against illicitdrug trafficking crystalline methamphetamine in Indonesia in 2007-2013. If we look at thetheme and the topic, The purpose of this research is to evaluate the process of cooperationbetween the Indonesian government and UNODC against drug trafficking of crystallinemethamphetamine in Indonesia from 2007 to 2013. Cooperation between the two sides hasbeen running well if we see the increasing number of arrested person which wassuccessfully carried out by Indonesian law enforcement in 2007-2013. crystallinemethamphetamine crime still exist in Indonesia nowadays, though due to several factors,such as the type of the drug itself that is easy to manufacture and materials that can bereplaced with other materials and tools manufacture that can be easily found, place-makingwhich can be done in a small laboratory, a geographical location of Indonesia, and thecontrol problem of the Indonesian law enforcement.
European Union's Data Protection in Cyberspace for Gender Minority Priwansyah, Rakha Hifzan; Putranti, Ika Riswanti
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Data in the 21st century becomes one of the most valuable things an individual could ever possess and protect. The purpose of this study is to determine the actions taken by the European Union to secure gender minority sensitive data in cyberspace. In this research, there will be analyses of 29 European Union member states the institution responsible for collecting discrimination data towards gender minority individuals. This research uses the concept of human security, to be specific citizen personal security introduced by Costa Rican Human Development Report. Based on the using of citizen personal security concept, the results of this research show that European Union introduced data protection policy, such as General Data Protection Regulation, resulting in 8 principals which need to be satisfied in order to consider the process and use of gender minority data lawful and safe. Each of these 8 principals has passed as the form of securitibility in protecting gender minority individuals' sensitive data in cyberspace according to the citizen's personal security concept as they have reduced the probability of unlawful and misuse of sensitive data to happen.
Efektivitas Malacca Strait Patrol dalam Mengatasi Pembajakan dan Perampokan Bersenjata di Perairan Selat Malaka (2009-2014) Adiputro, Try Istiawan; Windiani, Reni; Pattipeilohy, Shary Charlotte
Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The Malacca Strait is a strategic lane under the sovereignty of four countries in Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, which are highly vulnerable to maritime crimes, such as piracy and armed robbery against ships. Indonesia Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand are litoral states, which are fully responsible for everything that happens in the region. Piracy and armed robbery in the Malacca Strait are detrimental to litoral states and user states on the economic, economic, security and sovereignty aspects. The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of Malacca Strait Patrol in combating piracy and robbery in Malacca Strait 2009-2014. In this research, the researcher used institutional neo-liberal theory to analyze the effectiveness of Malacca Strait Patrol on each indicator of source or input approach, process approach, and target or output approach. The method of research is descriptive qualitative method, and doing technique of data collection of literature study and interview. The result of this research is that Malacca Strait Patrol has been successful and effective in combating piracy and armed robbery in the Malacca Strait based on the indicator of effectiveness on source or input approaches, process approaches, and target or output approaches. Litoral states have implemented all of the terms of reference (TOR) and standard operating procedures (SOP) of Malacca Strait Patrol (MSP) properly and correctly, so that the incidents of piracy and armed robbery in the Strait of Malacca can be minimalized.
EFEKTIVITAS UNICEF COUNTRY PROGAMME 2009-2013 DALAM MEMBANTU PEMERINTAH UNTUK MELINDUNGI HAK ANAK PASCA PERANG SIPIL I DI CÔTE D’IVOIRE Widyawati, Donata Asdar; Windiani, Reni
Journal of International Relations Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

This research was motivated by economic pressures, domestic political upheaval, and military coups which ignited the emergence of the First Civil War that occurred in 2002-2008. The civil war indirectly forced the residents of Côté d’Ivoire to take part in it and get the effects of the civil war, one of which was the abandonment of the protection of children's rights from the Côté d’Ivoire Government due to the civil war. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), as an international organization that focuses on upholding and protecting the rights of children and women, provided the Country Programme 2009-2013 to help protect the rights of children and women in Côté d’Ivoire. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of effectiveness in achieving the aid program. With the help of the concept of effectiveness and international organizations, the authors analyzed the effectiveness of the UNICEF Country Programme 2009-2013, which produced research findings, that UNICEF Country Programme 2009-2013 has been effective in assisting the Côté d'Ivoire Government to fulfill, enforce and protect children's rights in Côté d'Ivoire.
20. UPAYA INDONESIA DALAM PENANGANAN KASUS PEDOFILIA INTERNASIONAL DI PULAU BALI Septia, Merita Putri; Windiani, Reni; Basith Dir, andi Akhmad
Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2016
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

In this research, writer would like to analyze effort done by Indonesian government to handlepedophilia sexual harassment happened in its territory. Writer have chosen Bali as case studyas Bali is one of most favorite tourism destination both domestic and international so that itneeds special treatment from Central government and Local government. This research willbe conducted using qualitative method to describe the process and give a better understandingregarding certain issue. The research descriptive explanation depicting the background storyof pedophilia sexual harassment cases in Bali which ranked first as Indonesian provincewhich has highest cases of pedophilia, proven by the fact that more than 300 cases happenedin Bali. Writer use the Normative Theory of International relations to describe the relationbetween appropriate norms and its relations on creating laws regarding the issue. Apart fromdescriptive explanation, writer will examine on effort done by Indonesian government both interm of internal effort and external effort. According to the research result, Indonesia havedone internal effort to combat by creating Article No. 23, 2002 Indonesian Law regardingChild Protection. Indonesia also have a well-coordinated relations between Police,Immigration, and Komisi Perlindungan Anak. Externally, Indonesia also has cooperated withInterpol through National Police to have faster information exchange to reveal complicatedcases of Pedophilia.
Kerja Sama Vietnam dan Tiongkok dalam Menanggulangi Armed Robbery Devi, Lusiana; Windiani, Reni; Putranti, Ika Riswanti
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 2, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

International trade relations between Vietnam and China in the contemporary era haveshown significant progress. The increase in trading supported by geographical proximityand differences in comparative advantage of both countries. In conducting internationaltrading activities, Vietnam and China have encountered obstacle in the form of armedrobbery. This study aims to explain how Vietnam and China cooperation in tackling armedrobbery in the waters of Vietnam. This research was done by using qualitative researchmethod with descriptive research type. This research was analyzed by usinginterdependence liberalism theory, international cooperation theory and comparativeadvantage theory. The result of this research is Vietnam and China have agreed to domaritime cooperation. The cooperation is joint patrol between Vietnam and China. In theimplementation of joint patrols have demonstrated a sense of compliance between twocountries against international law. Vietnam and China's maritime cooperation aims tomaintain a cooperative relationship between countries as well as maintain the stability ofsecurity and order at sea from non-traditional threats.
Identitas dalam Kebijakan Luar Negeri: Studi Kasus Peran Norwegia sebagai Peace Nation dalam Upaya Perdamaian Israel – Palestina Agnes, Pretty; Rosyidin, Mohamad
Journal of International Relations Volume 5, Nomor 2, Tahun 2019
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

For many years, the increasing number of death and regional damage as the effects of Israel-Palestine’s prolonged conflict has been an international threat to world peace. This phenomenon encourages international relations actors to contribute in the peace efforts for two involved countries, including Norway. The contribution of Norway is realized by its involvement in Oslo Accord and the Ad Hoc Liasion Committee (AHLC), and also from another Norway’s foreign policies. This research aims to explain the purpose behind the foreign policy of Norway that tends to the efforts of Israel-Palestine’s conflict. By using the constructivism approach, specifically the role-concept, this study emphasizes the Norway’s role as a peace nation. This research concludes that the foreign policies of Norway in Israel – Palestinian conflict resolution is a representation of Norway’s identity as a peace nation.
24. INVESTING IN TRAGEDY: IMPLIKASI SUPLAI SENJATA CHINA TERHADAP SITUASI PASCA KONFLIK DI SUDAN, 2011-2014 Barreto Simanjuntak, Vicky Nauli; Windiani, Reni; Basith Dir, Andi Akhmad
Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

China is one of biggest actors in arms dealer in the world, and in Sudan, China has beenthe main supplier of weapons. However, Sudan is a country with a post-conflict situationwith weak government and is currently facing many rebel groups. The purpose of thisstudy is to determine the impact of the weapon circulation in post-conflict situations. Thisstudy is using the theory of Spoiler, which gives the emphasis of the resposibbility ofcertain actors in perpetruating or exacerbating crises in post-conflict region. China in thiscase, has been seen as the ‘opponent’ of the conflict as it continues supporting the sellingof the weapons in Sudan. The research revealas that the role of Chinese weapons in Sudanhas been very imminent in hampering the recovery processess in Sudan.

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