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Journal of International Relations Studies
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Core Subject : Education,
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Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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Articles 609 Documents
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Tiongkok: Analisa Balance Of Power dalam Perang Dagang antara Amerika Serikat dengan Tiongkok pada Tahun 2018 Khoiriyah, Khakimatul; Basith Dir, Andi Akhmad
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

China became an emerging economic power whose the presence in international affairs, that cause United States as a hegemon felt its position and national security threatened. This research would explained how China effort to balance the power of United States as a hegemon which is cause trade wars between both countries on 2018. This research use neorealism theory, specifically defensive realism with balance of power concept. This research argues that Belt and Road initiative, Made in China 2025 development project, technology development as a defense strategy and geopolitical strategy are the balancing way that be done by China which trigerred trade wars with Unites States. Data is collected using literature reviews, documentation, and official government archives. The results of this study indicate that the initiation carried out by China with belt and road initiative, made in China 2025, technology development as a defense strategy and geopolitical strategy are China's effort to balance power with the United States as a hegemon, the power used by China in balancing power with the United states is combination from both forms of power between material strength (hard power) and latent power (soft power) possessed by a country, that is smart power.
Relativitas Budaya dan Berlangsungnya Budaya Bacha Bazi di Afganistan Pasca Pemerintahan Taliban Ramadhani, Dwi; Paramasatya, Satwika
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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This research explains the issue of opposing human rights carried out by the people of Afghanistan against boys through the bacha bazi culture. The conservative culture in Afghanistan led to a separation between men and women, thus bacha bazi serves to be a means of fulfilling the sexual needs of the male community in Afghanistan. “Women are for children, boys are for pleasure” is a famous sentence that explains the culture of bacha bazi for the people of Afghanistan. Although very normal, bacha bazi is taboo to talk about so that the practice is done in secret. The Taliban regime in 1996-2001 was able to abolish the bacha bazi culture, but with the fall of the regime, this culture is increasingly spreading. Domestic and international organizations, as well as foreign troops in Afghanistan, have sought to eradicate the culture, but have encountered difficulties. So this research was conducted to answer how the bacha bazi culture can take place after the Taliban government. The research methodology is an explanative qualitative method through data collection techniques with a literature study. The results of this study are proof that cultural relativity keeps this culture going on in Afghanistan despite violating human rights.
Diplomasi Digital Midwives4all Sebagai Kebijakan Luar Negeri Feminis Swedia di Uganda Br. Ginting Manik, Junita Yolanda; Paramasatya, Satwika
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The existence of digitalization has influenced all aspects of life, including international relations, the internet revolution requires a country to race against the times by working actively outside the field of traditional diplomacy. The increasing use of online platforms as well as the wider, fast and efficient reach generated by the transformation of the internet has produced new concepts in the field of diplomacy, namely digital diplomacy. In connection with the feminist foreign policy ideas adopted by Sweden, the Midwives4all Campaign launched in 2015 is one of the initiatives taken by Sweden to mobilize support for gender equality and fulfillment of women's human rights in Uganda. This digital campaign enables the Swedish government to project Swedish values and reach various communities in Uganda through various media both online and offline as well as through champions embraced by the Swedish government to build awareness of the important role of midwives in increasing fulfillment of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) which is one of the six external objectives of Swedish feminist foreign policy. This study intends to explain how the Midwives4all Campaign influences efforts to fulfill women's rights in Uganda. This study will be using qualitative research methods with process-tracing data analysis methods and uses the concept of feminist foreign policy and liberal feminism as the basis for analysis in this paper.
Analisis Kebijakan Indonesia Terhadap Regulasi UNESCO Convention 2001 Wibowo, Maulana Satria; Basith Dir, Andi Akhmad
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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UNESCO has been recommending the “UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage” or commonly referred to as the 2001 UNESCO Convention as a conservation procedure for Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) which prioritizes the protection of historical, cultural and scientific values. Through several conferences and discussions, UNESCO has always encouraged countries that have strategic sea areas to immediately ratify by considering the potential underwater relics in its territories. The Republic of Indonesia, as the biggest archipelagic country nowadays has not ratified the convention. Even though, this research argues that Indonesia does not have strong regulations and always experiences obstacles in securing Underwater Cultural Heritage these days. This research is trying to seek and solve the research question with all the existing vulnerabilities, why until now Indonesia has not ratified the 2001 UNESCO Convention. This research will identify the background factors that make Indonesia reluctant and have not taken action to ratify the convention. For the tools analyzing in this case study, this research will use Decision Making Approach by Graham T. Allison, with 2 approach models namely Rational Actor Model and Organizational Model. This study found that rational factors were the reason for Indonesia not to ratify the 2001 UNESCO Convention.
Analisis Keputusan Pemerintah Kanada dalam Mengadopsi United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous People (UNDRIP) Pada Tahun 2016 Somadianti, Luthfiyya Tsana; Pattipeilohy, Shary Charlotte Henriette
Journal of International Relations Volume 7, Nomor 3, Tahun 2021
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

In 2016, Canada announced that they will implement the United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous People (UNDRIP) during the United Nations General Assembly. It is widely known that Canada is home to indigenous communities that consisted of inuit, metis and first nations people. The Canadian government also regulate the lives of canada’s indigenous communities through the Indian Act. The announcement made by Canada raised questions such as why suddenly Canada made the decision and announce such decision in front of international stage. Using decision making theory by Snyder, Bruck and Sapin alongside the concept of human rights and identity, the researcher aims to understand what factors that influenced canada to make such decision. This study resulted in the founding of influencing factors divided into internal and external factors. Dominant party, Canada's identity as a multicultural country, and a protest by idle no more movement were the factors that categorized as the internal factors. Meanwhile, pressures from international organizations, the changed stances of the countries that originally share the same views as Canada, pressures from other countries regarding Canada's stance on UNDRIP, and also the global trend on human rights enforcement were the external factors.
Implementasi UNSCR 1325 tentang Perempuan Korban Konflik Bersenjata Donbass oleh Pemerintah Ukraina HABFIE, ULZANA; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko
Journal of International Relations Volume 7, Nomor 1, Tahun 2021
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

This study intend to analyze state’s compliance in carrying out the objectives of UNSCR 1325 (2000) in regards of women in a situation of conflict. The armed conflict emerged on eastern Ukraine, often called by War in Donbass, which was started on 2014 up until its sixth year has yet come to an end. The conflict has affected thousands of people being victims of its violence, both combatans and civilians. The situation is negatively affecting civilians especially women those who live and stay in the conflict zone. Women are considered most vulnerable when it comes to armed conflict, for the higher risks of receiving physical, sexual, economical, and even social violence. The low participation rate of women in peace processes is also becoming the concern in women protection and participation agenda in a situation of conflict. The objective of this study is to analyze the government of Ukraine’s compliance to UNSCR 1325 agendas in regards of women in conflict and how Ukraine government complies on implementing it. The author will use descriptive method, compliance theory by Ronald B Mitchell and the public policy trichotomy indicators (outputs, outcomes, impacts) as the research framework. This study described that the government of Ukraine have implemented the output indicator by adopting UNSCR 1325 (2000) as its National Action Plan, two years after the conflict emerged, whose agendas aligned with the UNSCR 1325 (2000)’s agendas itself.
Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Filipina Terhadap China di Bawah Kepemimpinan Presiden Rodrigo Duterte Terhadap China dalam Konflik Laut China Selatan Damping, Gerald; Windiani, Reni
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The South China Sea (SCS) issue is a contest of territorial disputes between disputed countries. The Philippines, as one of the countries with an interest in the region, has seen a change in the direction of its foreign policy in dealing with the issue. The current President of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, changed the direction of the Philippines' foreign policy toward China from previously confrontational, to cooperative with China. In this study, these foreign policy changes were analyzed by internal and external factors that made the Philippines have only two (2) options, to submit or to oppose. The concept used in this study is to use the concept of political realism initiated by Thucydides that a strong inclined party can act whatever they want and the weak-leaning party will suffer consequences for the party that tends to be strong and also use internal and external concepts. The type of research used is by qualitative explanative methods with data collection techniques using primary data and secondary data. The results of the study obtained are that there are internal factors such as Rodrigo Duterte's role as President, interest groups, and the Philippine Senate and external factors such as historical claims of the South China Sea region and the state of the international system affecting Philippine foreign policy. Other studies have also shown that there is a link between this change in Philippine foreign policy and the concept of political realism.
Pengaruh Kebijakan Bebas Visa Kunjungan Singkat Terhadap Kasus Penyelundupan Narkoba di Indonesia Tahun 2016-2018 Mukti, Rahardian Krishna; Pattipeilohy, Shary Charlotte Henriette
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The Indonesian Government has had a drug problem since the Dutch colonial era. This is a legacy that is currently still a problem in the handling, eradication and prevention of drugs in Indonesia. On the other hand, the Government of Indonesia has a Visa Free Short Visit policy for 169 countries. The policy was formed with the aim of increasing economic foreign exchange through the tourism sector. However, this policy actually has an impact on increasing the number of drug smuggling cases committed by foreign nationals in Indonesia. This study aims to explain how the effect of Visa-Free Short Visit on drug smuggling in Indonesia, using qualitative research methods with secondary data sources. In analyzing Visa-Free Short Visit, this study uses the theory of globalization and transnationalism. The theory of globalization and transnationalism will analyze and explain that the openness of the state can affect the risk of state security. This research ultimately reveals that the Visa Free Short Visit to 169 countries has vulnerabilities to state security such as drug smuggling problems so that this policy needs further evaluation.
Keterlibatan Evrazisky Soyuz Molodezhi dalam Konflik di Ukraina Firdaus, Yoga Arfiansyah; Rosyidin, Mohamad; Hanura, Marten
Journal of International Relations Volume 7, Nomor 3, Tahun 2021
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Evrazisky Soyuz Molodezhi (ESM) is one of the international organizations actively involved in the Ukrainian conflict. This involvement includes the use of network warfare tactics (stevaia voina), guerrilla warfare (partizanskiye deystviya), forming an anti-US international alliance (‘Coalition of Disatisfied’), and aggressive forms of action. This study aims to explain the motives for ESM involvement in the Ukrainian conflict. This study used a qualitative research method with an explanative research type through the mechanism of idea as road maps approach by Goldstein & Keohane. This study concludes that ESM's involvement in the Ukrainian conflict is influenced by ideas such as the dualism of ‘The Great War of the Continents’, Asimmetrichnaya Voyna, the ‘Coalition of Disatisfied’, and the significance of Novorossiya embedded in Neo-Eurasianism ideology. These ideas influence ESM preferences and the pathways to achieve them.
Analisis Kepentingan Nasional Bangladesh dalam Kebijakan Penghentian Penerimaan Pengungsi Rohingya Arifin, Mizan; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko
Journal of International Relations Volume 7, Nomor 1, Tahun 2021
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Bangladesh, a neighboring country of Myanmar, has received the direct impact of the Rohingya refugee crisis which has not ended, especially in the economic and security aspects. This study aims to explain the process as well as the background of the Government of Bangladesh in issuing a policy to stop the admission of Rohingya refugees starting March 2019. This research is a qualitative study that uses a rational choice framework and the concept of national interest. Based on the analysis conducted, it is known that the Government of Bangladesh issued this policy in order to protect national interests in the economic and security sector, and this policy is the most rational choice based on cost-benefit considerations compared to other policies.

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