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Journal of International Relations Studies
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Core Subject : Education,
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Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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Articles 609 Documents
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Analisis Perubahan Kebijakan Impor Skrap Plastik Indonesia Dari Negara-Negara Maju Tahun 2016-2019 Pramesti, Maghfira Raudya; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Indonesia has a problem in effort to fulfill these raw materials of plastic industries, plastic scrap containers were sent back to their countries of origin and a change of plastic scrap import policies in Indonesia. The entry of plastic waste between imported plastic scrap containers is due to the impact of China which has implemented the National Sword policy. The entry of plastic waste illegally in Indonesia is not matched by proper management of plastic waste recycling system, causing accumulation and burning of plastic waste which can affect Indonesia's environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the reasons behind the changes in plastic scrap import policy made by Indonesia. Types of the research is explanative and qualitative with the literature study method. In analyzing the policy changes made by Indonesia, this study uses Environmental Security theory and Rational Actor Model theory to find out the rational reasons for Indonesia to change its plastic scrap import policy in 2019. The results of this study indicate that changes in plastic scrap import policy made by Indonesia are based on the national interest to protect Indonesia's environmental sustainability, as well as any change options have compared the profit and loss.
Upaya Tiongkok Dalam Mempertahankan Provinsi Xinjiang Ditengah Tekanan Internasional Purba, Ryseldha Claudya; Pattipeilohy, Shary Charlotte Henriette
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The Chinese region has a diversity of tribes and cultures that are rarely known internationally. One of them is the Uyghurs which has recently received international attention. After Xinjiang was appointed as an autonomous region of China, relations between the Chinese government and the Uyghurs deteriorated since the emergence of the nationalist movement which made the situation in Xinjiang even more insecure. These nationalist movements include terrorism, separatism, and religious extremism. The purpose of this study is to provide another perspective in looking at the Xinjiang conflict which is from the point of view of the Chinese government. This study uses qualitative methods with secondary data sources, which are then analyzed using the concepts of National Interest, Hegemony, Conflict Dynamics, and theories of Conflict Causes. The results of this research indicate that the efforts of the Chinese government in maintaining hegemony in Xinjiang province are not for religious or cultural discrimination as is known by the international world, but rather are aimed at strengthening national interest namely maintaining regional security and preventing the development of nationalist movements by establishing the establishment of a Center for Education and Training Work
Bridging Towards Political Power: China and the New Institutionalised Strategies Nadita, Shuluh Shasa
Journal of International Relations Volume 7, Nomor 2, Tahun 2021
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Experiencing rapid economic growth backed by high-level leadership support, China exerts tight political influence and information control by using a new approach sharp power, encompassing strong economic fabric, political integrity, global transfer of people and knowledge. To compete in international competition—China has been using redistribution method to contest its power politics upon conducting collective repression on flouting democratic reform in Hong Kong, ethnic minority assimilation—Tibetan and Uighur, and One China Policy against Taiwan, to global campaign to dominate influence by political, economic and technological representations. The actions deliberately carry underlaying goals to define economic prosperity with the expense of political freedom. This research paper aims to deliberate key points on China’s endeavours to strengthen political power both internally and internationally with the averse to govern democracy—and construction on world politics by using economic power mostly in the cultural and technology inventories. This study used qualitative method through data collection techniques based on internet observation and library research. The using of sharp power concept as a novel approach coined by independent think tank National Endowment Democracy is conceived to delineate deep understanding on China’s political power by engaging other two underlying concepts as reinforcing instruments which support sharp power concept. The results of this research which shows China’s strategies are alternatively institutionalised through the emergence of economic assistance, technology, and socio-cultural instruments.
Ketidakberdayaan Pemerintah India terhadap Isu Privatisasi Air oleh Coca-Cola tahun 1993 - 2004 Ungsi, Dien Nur Rahmaniar; Rosyidin, Mohamad
Journal of International Relations Volume 7, Nomor 1, Tahun 2021
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

India is a mixed economic system country where the government can intervene in public affairs. Since experienced a transition period in 1991, India adopted economic liberalization policy and implemented one of the terms of economic liberalization, which is privatization in water sector. This policy led India to hand over a water sector to private companies named Coca-Cola in 1993 and it had a negative impact that is increased water crisis and environmental damage in India. The impact of water privatization by Coca-Cola is a crime that occurs as a consequence of policies that cannot be separated from the effects of adjustments to the global economic system. This research aims to explain the driving factors of the powerlessness of the Indian government in dealing with losses incurred as a result of Coca-Cola's water privatization policy in 1993-2004. The analysis in this study uses a qualitative research method with an explanative research type. This study uses Marxism theory to explain the driving factor of the powerlessness of the Indian government in dealing with the issue of Water Privatization by Coca-Cola. This study found that what prompted the powerlessness of the Indian government was influenced by two factors. First, there is a pressure from changes in domestic economic conditions that make India following global political changes as a solution to the Indian economic crisis. Second, there is a pressure from international economic institutions namely IMF and World Bank which provide loans for India, so that India implementing a structural adjustment program.
Analisis Sikap yang Diambil oleh Pemerintah Korea Selatan pada Masa Presiden Park Geun Hye Terkait dengan Isu Comfort Lalitya, Galuh Kinnari; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Countries in East Asia have fluctuating relationships. Various issues cause conflict betweenthese countries and their allies such as the United States. One of the issue that remain becomea problem is historical issue related to comfort women. This problem involves South Koreaand Japan as the main actors. Often there are tensions between the two countries because ofthis issue. The comfort women issue has also caused several agreements to fail. South Koreanvictims, government, and activists continue to seek official recognition and requests from theJapanese government. Park Geun Hye, has actively criticized and pressured the JapaneseGovernment just as the previous presidents had done. However, Park changed his attitude byagreeing to the “final and irreversible” 2015 Agreement on the issue of comfort women. Thisraises pros and cons among both the government and the people of South Korea itself. Thepurpose of this study was to determine what influenced Park's changes in attitude and policy.To analyze the effect of the policies taken, this study uses an international systems approachand offensive realism theory.
Proses Sekuritisasi Plastik di Uni Eropa: Studi Kasus Jerman, Perancis, Italia, Britania Raya, Luksemburg dan Irlandia Wijayanti, Rahayu Hana; Basith Dir, Andi Akhmad
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The use of plastic has been a complement to human life since commercial plastics were first discovered in 1833. Plastics are predicted as a ‘savior of the earth’ because it can reduce the energy use and reduce paper bags, also their versatile uses becoming one of the important factors of plastic in daily life. However, plastics are gradually becoming a ‘threat’ along with the declining popularity of plastics in the world including the European Union, as evidenced by the declining consumption and production of plastics as well as changes in public behavior in the European Union to become 'anti-plastic'. This research examines why there can be a decline in the popularity of plastics in the European Union regardless of their usefulness and the benefits that society can gain from using plastic. This research hypothesizes that those phenomenon results due to several important actors in the European Union, such as ENGO and Mass Media, Political Elite, Epistemic Community and the last is European Union Institution are constructing plastic issues as a threat. This study uses the Copenhagen Securitization Theory as an analysis knife to answer the above question. and observe sic different countries e.g Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Luxembourg, and Ireland.
Memanfaatkan One Belt One Road: Kepentingan Ekonomi Pakistan dalam China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Tahun 2015-2020 Aryaguna, Addafi; Windiani, Reni
Journal of International Relations Volume 7, Nomor 3, Tahun 2021
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Under the One Belt One Road scheme, China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a series of massive infrastructure project that are under construction in Pakistan that consists of transportation network construction, energy projects, storage facilities, port, SEZs, and other elements under the CPEC banner worth 46 Billion US$. But the CPEC projects came at a huge risk for Pakistan, as the investment aid from China came in the form of a loan, and the and that the security of CPEC projects are under threat from separatist groups like the BLA. This research’s purpose is to find out the reason behind Pakistan's agreement to conduct a bilateral cooperation with China under the CPEC projects in the period of 2015-2020. This research would employ the liberalism paradigm as the analytic tool. This study hypothesizes that the reason for Pakistan's willingness to cooperate with China is the existence of its domestic economic interests despite of its controversies. The results of this study indicate that Pakistan does have a strong desire to develope its domestic economy, while CPEC plays an important role in this process. In addition, the CPEC was also viewed by Pakistan as a cooperation that could support this country to achieve the Pakistan Vision 2025.
Pesan Kemanusiaan Dalam Medium Sinema: Film Hollywood Sebagai Media Penyebaran Nilai-nilai Hak Asasi Manusia Universal Syahputra, Eqqi; Rosyidin, Mohamad; Hanura, Marten
Journal of International Relations Volume 7, Nomor 2, Tahun 2021
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Hollywood has become the mainstream of globalization and the standard for cinema in various parts of the world. Not infrequently, Hollywood films can also convey messages about human life problems, including in terms of human rights. On the basis of fighting for and spreading human rights values, many films in the Hollywood film industry have started to act as a medium to spread human rights values into their film productions. Thus, this paper aims to answer and further examine how the roles of Hollywood films they give to the delivery of messages of universal human rights values. The scope of this research will focus on the value of human rights, films in the politics of international relations, as well as Hollywood films that have story content that adheres to human rights values and messages. The author will collect data using the literature study method with data sources referring to films, journals, books, websites, and international news. The data analysis technique will use Discourse Analysis because of its suitability with the theory, in this case post-structuralism, and to reveal every message in each film sample. This research allegation shows that some filmmakers, through their films which are thick with language and representation, can become media to disseminate values and understandings about human rights that they want to spread, and have a direct impact on the wider community.
Kebijakan Luar Negeri Feminis Swedia (2014-2018) Maha, Irayomi F; Pattipeilohy, Shary Charlotte Henriette
Journal of International Relations Volume 7, Nomor 1, Tahun 2021
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

In 2014, for the first time Sweden declared itself a country with a feminist foreign policy. The statement that drew international attention and attention was delivered by the Swedish foreign minister, Margot WallstrÓ§m, who is an activist for women and gender equality. In implementing this policy, there are six external policies carried out by Sweden which are implemented by the Swedish foreign ministry and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). The six policies include; fulfillment of human rights, freedom from acts of physical, mental and sexual violence, participation of women in preventing and resolving conflicts in the pre and post-conflict period, participation in elections, fulfillment of economic and development rights and finally the right to reproduce and sexually healthy. can analyze Sweden's reasons for implementing these six policies. The unit of analysis in foreign policy consisting of individuals, countries and the international system is used. This research is an explanative research type and qualitative research type with literature research data collection techniques and uses congruent methods to analyze data. The results of this study indicate that the three unit level analyzes, both individual, state and international system, encourage the formation of feminist foreign policy from Sweden
Analisis Keberlangsungan Sanksi Ekonomi Uni Eropa Terhadap Rusia Yang Dianggap Menganeksasi Krimea Periode 2014-2019 Fahmi, Salma Afiqa; Utomo, Tri Cahyo
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Crimea is an area that has been led by many countries, but since 1954 Crimea was given to Ukraine. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia has been trying to take over Crimea so that it could return to Russia. This finally happened after the chaos in Ukraine appeared in 2013, which was caused by the Ukrainian leader that he would suspend talks on the Association Agreement. Utilizing the chaos, in early 2014 there was a sudden referendum in Crimea. The result of the referendum that the Crimean people’s wanted to join Russia received a lot of criticism because it was considered violating international law so it considered annexing Crimea. The European Union then imposed economic sanctions on Russia in 2014. The purpose of this study is to find out the reasons why the European Union still maintains economic sanctions even though they do not have a large impact on Russia. This research is explanative type research and is classified as qualitative research using the Congruence Analysis method through literature study. To analyze the case, the concepts of identity and norms in the theory of constructivism will be used. The results of this study indicate that the reasons behind the EU economic sanctions are still maintained because Russia has not fully implemented the Minsk Agreement and the interests of the European Union uphold their commitment to identity as an organization committed to peace. However, EU economic sanctions do not have a big impact on Russia because EU member states still depend on oil and gas from Russia, so economic sanctions are only in the form of restrictions. This needs to be further evaluated by the European Union so that sanctions can be effective and make Russia change its policy towards Crimea.

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