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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Articles 6,269 Documents
Variation of axillary growth as respond of Morus spp. micropropagation using various concentration of Indonesian local solid substance Yasinta Ratna Esti Wulandari; Laurensia Danis Anggradita
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210112

Abstract

Abstract. Wulandari YRE, Anggradita LD. 2020. Variation of axillary growth as respond of Morus spp. micropropagation using various concentrations of Indonesian local solid substance. Biodiversitas 21: 80-85. The difficulties of growing Morus spp. makes it become one local plant that hard to cultivate conventionally even though it’s a beneficiary plant. Hence cultivation Morus spp. through tissue culture technique could help growing this plant. This research is aimed to design the optimal condition for micropropagation of local Morus spp. (Morus bombycis var. lembang, M. cathayana, M. multicaulis, and M. alba var. kanva-2) using agar-agar as Indonesian local solid substance. This solid substance is used as its cheap and easy to find compared to other solid substances. This research used MS medium supplemented with 0.1 ppm naphthalene acetic acid + 1.0 ppm benzyl aminopurine and various concentration of agar-agar (0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%). Growth rate, axillary bud length and number, leaf number, callus formation and contamination were observed in this research. All those concentrations could be used for micropropagation of Morus spp. Agar concentrations of 0.8 and 1.0% showed better results than 0.6% because it showed the highest results.
Evaluation of salt stress and molecular analysis of genetic variation of Iraqi rice cultivars Amar Mandal; Arshad Alhasnawi; Haider Jasim; Azhar Mohamad
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201125

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Abstract. Mandal AM, Alhasnawi AN, Jasim H, Mohamad A. 2019. Evaluation of salt stress and molecular analysis of genetic variation of Iraqi rice cultivars. Biodiversitas 20: 3309-3314. The salinity-stress casts an inhibitory effect on rice, which is not only complex but also a key reason for impeding plant growth as well as decreasing crop productivity. A helpful method to improve our understanding in this space would be to make a direct comparison pertaining to the response to salinity by considering two closely related cultivars, i.e. Yassimen and Anber-33, which demonstrate varying levels of salt-tolerance. Exposing rice seeds to high concentrations of 200mM NaCl stress resulted in considerable impact on shoot, chlorophyll content and root growth. The growth of both cultivars was considerably decreased due to salt toxicity. A range of differences was seen in terms of growth parameters due to interaction between cultivars and salt levels. It can be said that the various cultivars vary in terms of their salt tolerance with regards to seedling growth and seed germination. Based on the results from the Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) data, cultivar-Anber-33 had 27 bands in total, while for cultivar-Yassimen, it was 25. These results demonstrated that ISSR markers proved to be a valuable method for determining genetic variation, fingerprinting, classification, and identification of Iraqi rice cultivars.
Marine sponge-associated bacteria as biocontrol agents of vibriosis on whiteleg shrimp caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus NEPTU ISLAMY RAHARJA; WIDANARNI; Aris Tri Wahyudi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201108

Abstract

Abstract. Raharja NI, Widanarni, Wahyudi AT. 2019. Marine sponge-associated bacteria as biocontrol agents of vibriosis on whiteleg shrimp caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Biodiversitas 20: 3164-3169. Sponge-associated bacteria are commonly known as an excellent source of microbial's bioactive compounds attributed to biological properties, including antibacterial activity. In our previous study, 12 isolates from sponge Aaptos sp. and Hyrtios have been screened to have anti-Vibrio spp. activities in vitro. The objective of this study was to evaluate these bacterial isolates for controlling Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in vivo, identify the most potential isolate, and analyze chemical composition of bacterial crude extract. As tested by pathogenicity assay on post-larvae of whiteleg shrimp stadia PL 10, all 12 isolates were not pathogenic bacteria as indicated by the survival rate of shrimps ranging from 80 ± 8.1 - 93 ± 4.7%. Conversely, more than 50% died after inoculated with pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Interestingly, all isolates could increase the survival rate of shrimps infected with V. parahaemolyticus (105 cells/mL) reach of 80 ± 0.8 - 91 ± 0.4%, nearly 40% higher than the positive control, as evaluated by challenge test. The best anti-Vibrio activity showed by D2.Z13 isolate which could improve the survival rate up to 91.11 ± 0.4%. 16S-rRNA-based identification showed that this isolate was closely related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1-4-b-9 strain. The extract derived from this isolate contained some major compounds such as 4,8-dihydroxy-2-2 (1’-hydroxyheptyl) and 1,2,4-oxadiazol which have been reported as antibacterial compounds. Our study indicates that these bacterial isolates could be developed as biocontrol agents of vibriosis in whiteleg shrimp.
Dung beetle assemblages in lowland forests of Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia Windra Priawandiputra; Yamato Tsuji; Kanthi Arum Widayati; Bambang Suryobroto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210210

Abstract

Abstract. Priawandiputra W, Tsuji Y, Widayati KA, Suryobroto B. 2020. Dung beetle assemblages in lowland forests of Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 497-504. Dung beetles play crucial role in forest ecosystem, but no information on the dung beetle fauna has been reported in lowland forest of Java Island, Indonesia. Pangandaran Nature Reserve (PNR) area, which is recognized as lowland habitat of wildlife, can also support diversity of dung beetles. This study was conducted to examine the dung beetle diversity in lowland forests of PNR. The dung beetles were collected using pitfall traps baited with five species of mammal’s feces and hand collection of beetles found on dung along the road, between 2016 and 2018. During the study, 853 individuals of dung beetles from 17 species were collected. The dominant species were Onthophagus babirussa with 434 individuals (50.8%). The species were not dominant in the mountainous forests of West Java and in lowland forests of Southeast Sulawesi and East Kalimantan. The highest dung beetle abundances were found during the dry season (August): 335 individuals in 2017 and 286 in 2018. However, the diversity index value of dung beetles in this study was lower in the dry season than in the wet season (t-test of diversity index, P<0.05). The dung beetle assemblages in PNR were barely similar to most dung beetle studies of other regions.
Analysis of stomach content of piscivorous fishes caught in Danau Panggang Peatland, South Kalimantan, Indonesia Dini Sofarini; ENDANG YULI HERAWATI; MOHAMMAD MAHMUDI; ASUS MAIZAR SURYANTO HERTIKA; DIANA ARFIATI; MUHAMMAD MUSA; MOHAMAD AMIN; SUPRIHARYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201243

Abstract

Abstract. Sofarini D, Herawati EY, Mahmudi M, Hertika AMS, Arfiati D, Musa M, Amin M, Supriharyono. 2019. Analysis of stomach content of piscivorous fishes caught in Danau Panggang Peatland, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3788-3793. The purpose of this study was to analyze the stomach content profile of piscivorous fishes caught at the reservaat station and the station without activity as The control station, in the Danau Panggang peatland. Sampling was carried out four times and the index of preponderance stomach content was determined in piscivorous fishes. The results showed there were nine fish species in the reservaat area, including Cryptopterus spp., Pangasius nieuwenhuisii, Chana striata, Anabas testudineus, Pangasius sp., Mastecembelus erythrotaenia, Macrognathus aculeatus, Mystus nigriceps, and Mystus nemurus. Their gut was dominated 89% by Chrysophyta, and 37.5% by Diatom and Navicula. In the area without activity, six species of fish were caught, including Cryptopterus spp, Pangasius nieuwenhuisii, Anabas testudineus, Pangasius sp, Mystus nigriceps, and Mystus nemurus, with 83% of their gut dominated by Diatom. The water temperature was 28.07-33.25º C, brightness (6-115 cm), pH of 4.23-6.97, dissolved oxygen (DO) (1.4-6.5 mg/L) and BOD (7.52-24.92 mg/L) i.e., water quality parameters that tend to be incompatible with the persistence of fishes. These limiting factors of peatland water and extreme conditions led to a limitation at availability of natural food for piscivorous fishes.
Review: The invasion of Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, Indonesia, and potential future control strategies Shafia Zahra; RICHARD W. HOFSTETTER; KRISTEN M. WARING; CATHERINE GEHRING
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210115

Abstract

Abstract. Zahra S, Hofstetter RW, Waring KM, Gehring C. 2020. Review: The invasion of Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, Indonesia, and potential future control strategies. Biodiversitas 21: 104-116. Acacia nilotica, commonly called prickly acacia, is infamous for its ability to invade various ecosystems, especially savannah. The tree was introduced to Baluran National Park (BNP), Indonesia in 1969 and nowadays has invaded more than 50% of BNP savannah habitat. Its presence has had significant negative impacts on local flora and fauna of the park. Physical and chemical eradication efforts of this plant have been conducted in the park but these have failed. Little is known about the tree invasion in Indonesia and no control suggestions have previously been proposed. Here, we review the causes and history of the invasion of this tree, describe previous attempts to eradicate the tree, and provide possible containment and control strategies. We describe 12 strategies based on successes and failures to control this tree in Indonesia and other countries and divide the methods into four categories: (i) physical: girdling the trunk, uprooting with winch, manual seedling uprooting, defloration, and restoration with fire; (ii) chemical: using biochar or herbicides; (iii) biological: using native plant competitors (grasses, shade trees), predators (insect) and pathogens (fungi) or microorganisms; (iv) social: centralized tree utilization, education outreach, and stakeholder collaboration. We summarize the relative effectiveness and efficiency of each method and explain how to integrate the aforementioned methods to help authorities choose the most appropriate strategies for their resources, needs and goals.
Phylogenetic position of Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) from conservation area in Java base on mtDNA analysis Maryatul Qiptiyah; Satyawan Pudyatmoko; AYPBC Widyatmoko; ILG NURTJAHJANINGSIH; MUHAMMAD ALI IMRON
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201131

Abstract

Abstract. Qiptiyah M, Pudyatmoko S, Widyatmoko AYPBC, Nurtjahjaningsih ILG, Imron MA. 2019. Phylogenetic position of Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) from conservation area in Java base on mtDNA analysis. Biodiversitas 20: 3352-3357. Two of three subspecies of banteng (B. javanicus) can be found in Indonesia, namely B. j. lowi and B. j. javanicus. The taxonomic assignment of the two subspecies is still in the discussion researchers currently. One of the reproductive characters of members the Bovidae family, including the banteng, is known to have interbreeding ability between species and can produce fertile offspring. In some places, there exist grazing cattle near or in the banteng’s natural habitat. This phenomenon aimed to provide banteng mates with cows, which later they will breed high-quality offsprings. Regarding interbreeding capability, this condition can be a threat to the genetic purity of wild banteng. The main objectives of this study were to identify the phylogenetic position of Javan banteng from conservation areas in Java in relation to the other taxon and detect their genetic purity. We analyzed 28 cytochrome b and d-loop region sequences of Javan banteng from feces materials of four conservation areas (Ujung Kulon National Park, Alas Purwo National Park, Meru Betiri National Park, and Baluran National Park). We compared our data with reference sequences data of the other Bovidae species and Capra hircus as outgroup. The reference data was taken from NCBI, and they were analyzed using maximum likelihood. The results showed that Javan banteng was in a different group from other taxa. Separation of subspecies B. j. javanicus and B. j. lowi occurred circa 1.25 mya. The results from this study suggested that there is no indication of genetic introgression between Javan banteng and the (domesticated) cattle.
Bird communities and vegetation composition in Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia Franciscus Xaverius Sudaryanto; Junita Hardini; Lalu Achmad Tan Tilar Wangsajati Sukmaring Kalih; Muhammad Mirzan Asrori; I Wayan Suana
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201229

Abstract

Abstract. Sudaryanto FX, Hardini J, Kalih LATTWS, Asrori MM, Suana IW. 2019. Bird communities and vegetation composition in Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3676-3683. A study on bird community and vegetation composition in Nusa Penida was carried out to determine its diversity, conservation status, and habitat as an effort to conserve and develop birdwatching ecotourism in Nusa Penida. The study was conducted in Tembeling forest and Ped agroforestry. By using the point count method, we found 80 species of birds: 70 species in Tembeling forest and 79 species in Ped agroforestry. Fourteen species of birds are protected by Indonesian law. According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, four species are Critically Endangered and one species is classified as Near Threatened. We also found eight species of migratory birds. Diversity of birds in Nusa Penida was high. Individuals of each bird species was spread evenly, except Hirundo rustica, Hirundo tahitica and Streptopelia chinensis were dominant. Twenty-five species of trees were found in Tembeling, while in Ped were found 22 species. These vegetations were provided birds with good resources for foraging, resting, and nesting.
Phylogeny of Tacca (Taccaceae) and traits in reproductive structures, with description of a new Bornean species Sin Yeng Wong; Kek Shen Chua
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201102

Abstract

Abstract. Wong SY, Chua KS. 2019. Phylogeny of Tacca (Taccaceae) and traits in reproductive structures, with description of a new Bornean species. Biodiversitas 20: 3096-3118. A phylogenetic study of 16 of the c. 20 Tacca species is presented using nuclear ITS and plastid matK gene regions. Tacca leontopetaloides and T. maculata are a sister clade to the rest of the Tacca species. Tacca palmata and T. palmatifida are strongly supported together in a clade with this clade sister to T. bibracteata and T. plantaginea. All endemic Bornean taxa except T. bibracteata formed a derived clade together with non-Bornean T. cristata and T. sumatrana. The Bornean taxa are separated into three clades with T. borneensis sister to the other two clades. Twelve morphological characteristics are coded and mapped onto the Maximum Parsimony tree to elucidate potential evolutionary patterns. Results indicated shifts from a geophytic (irregularly-) seasonally dormant to an evergreen mesophytic habit, a decompound to a simple leaf blade, a long to a short peduncle, green to dark-colored inflorescences, numerous to few inner bracts, bracteoles, and flowers, and a low to an increased number of ovules. Within the Bornean taxa, there is a reversal from showy bracts and elaborate inflorescences to less showy bracts and simplified inflorescences. Tacca cristata Jack is resurrected from within T. integrifolia Ker Gawl. sensu Drenth. A new species, Tacca havilandii S.Y.Wong & K.S.Chua from Borneo is described.
Species diversity, stand productivity, aboveground biomass, and economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia ROCHADI KRISTININGRUM; ABUBAKAR M. LAHJIE; MASJAYA; SYAHRIR YUSUF; YOSEP RUSLIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 10 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201010

Abstract

Abstract. Kristiningrum R, Lahjie AM, Masjaya, Yusuf S, Ruslim Y. 2019. Species diversity, stand productivity, aboveground biomass, and economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2848-2857. Mangrove forest is one of the important ecosystems. It provides a variety of benefits both ecologically and economically. There are many biodiversity values of mangrove ecosystems that it can be evaluated economically. This study aims to: (i) identify the species diversity of mangrove forest; (ii) analyze the mangrove productivity and aboveground biomass; (iii) analyze the ecosystem value of mangrove forest in Mentawir Village, Penajam Paser District, East Kalimantan Province. The research used systematic random sampling method by establishing two plots with extent of one hectare for each plot in which each plot was divided into 20m x 20m subplots. The volume and mean annual increment (MAI), as well as current annual increment (CAI), were calculated. Economic value of mangrove ecosystem was calculated using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to reveal the total margin between Willingness to Pay (WTP) of wood produced by mangrove forest and Willingness to Accept (WTA) of fisheries catches. The results showed that there were 12 species of mangroves in the studied areas in which Rhizophora apiculata was the dominant species. Total aboveground biomass in Plot I and Plot II were respectively 127.46 tons ha-1 (62.61 tons C ha-1) and 79.26 (38.85 tons C ha-1) and dominated by Rhizophoraceace family with 76.80%, while 23.22% of the biomass was contributed by other mangrove families. The mangrove forest had a maximum average volume increment at 48 years and 42 years with MAI of 2.97 ha-1yr-1and 2.12 m3 ha-1yr-1 at Plot I and Plot II, respectively, with the total volume reached 127.5 m3 ha-1 and 79.60 m3 ha-1. The calculation of total margin between WTP and WTA indicated that in economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village with an extent of 2,300 ha was between IDR 207,000,000 yr-1 and IDR 345,000,000 yr-1. Our findings suggest that a good mangrove ecosystem will result in high economic value and biodiversity values cannot be separated from economic benefits in order to protect its sustainability.

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