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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Screening and characterization of actinomycetes isolated from soybean rhizosphere for promoting plant growth UMI FATMAWATI; ANJA MERYANDINI; ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH; Aris Tri Wahyudi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 10 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201027

Abstract

Abstract. Fatmawati U, Meryandini A, Nawangsih AA, Wahyudi AT. 2019. Screening and characterization of actinomycetes isolated from soybean rhizosphere for promoting plant growth. Biodiversitas 20: 2970-2977. Actinomycetes which colonized plant rhizosphere has a vital role in improving plant growth by producing Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potency of actinomycetes isolated from soybean rhizosphere as promoter agents for plant growth in vitro. Fifty actinomycetes isolates were successfully isolated from soybean rhizosphere. Based on the colorimetric methods, 35 isolates can produce IAA in various concentration, in the range of 0.46-30.6 mg/L. Seed germination assay using Ragdoll methods revealed that 26 isolates significantly promoted germination parameters, including the hypocotyl and the radicular length, the number of the lateral roots, and dry weight of the plant. Also, 14 from 26 isolates showed phosphate solubilizing activity in different phosphate-solubilizing index ranging from 1.25-2.62. Eight isolates were able to grow in N-free medium, indicating that these isolates have the ability in fixing nitrogen. Out of 23 from 26 isolates were detected to produce siderophore. All the tested isolates show chitinase production except ASR 55. Based on the observed parameters, it showed that there are four potential isolates (ASR 46, ASR 58, ASR 75 and ASR 76) as promising plant-growth promoters, phosphate solubilizer, nitrogen fixer, siderophore and chitinase producer. Based on the result of 16S rRNA sequence analysis, four potential isolates were identified as Streptomyces spp. in different taxa of strains and species.
Selection of F6 soybean population for pod shattering resistance Ayda Krisnawati; ANDY SOEGIANTO; BUDI WALUYO; KUSWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201129

Abstract

Abstract. Krisnawati A, Soegianto A, Waluyo B, Kuswanto. 2019. Selection of F6 soybean population for pod shattering resistance. Biodiversitas 20: 3340-3346. Pod shattering is one of the major soybean constraints in Indonesia. This research aimed to evaluate the resistance of soybean F6 population to pod shattering and characterize the selected lines for their agronomic performances. The materials used were 147 F6 lines derived from six crossing combinations. The check varieties consisted of Dega 1, Detap 1, and Anjasmoro. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with two replications. At R8 stage, thirty pods were randomly detached from five sample plants of each line to be used for evaluation of pod shattering resistance using an oven-dry method. The variability of pod shattering was showed after the treatment of 60°C oven temperature. The shattering resistance of 147 F6 lines was classified into 52 highly resistant, 49 resistant, two moderately resistant, ten susceptible, and 34 highly susceptible lines. The pod-shattering resistant lines could be used for further improvement in the breeding program. Anjasmoro variety was effective to be used as gene source for shattering resistant. Simultaneous selection based on yield (30% selection intensity) and shattering resistance selected six lines which have early maturity and large seed size, hence they could be further evaluated in several locations in the next breeding stage.
Review: Biodiversity of forests over limestone in Southeast Asia with emphasis on the Philippines Paul John Tolentino; JOHN RYAN L. NAVIDAD; MARJORIE DELOS ANGELES; DESAMARIE ANTONETTE P. FERNANDEZ; ELAINE LOREEN C. VILLANUEVA; REN DIVIEN R. OBEÑA; INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR.
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210441

Abstract

Abstract. Tolentino PJS, Navidad JRL, Angeles MD, Fernandez AP, Villanueva ELC, Obena RDR, Buot Jr IE. 2020. Review: Biodiversity of forests over limestone in Southeast Asia with emphasis on the Philippines. Biodiversitas 21: 1597-1613. A comprehensive review of literature was carried out to determine the status of plant and animal diversity on forests over limestone in Southeast Asia (SEA), particularly in the Philippines. Angiosperm records are available in Peninsular Malaysia (1216 spp.); West Java and Seram Indonesia (101 and 149 spp., respectively); Laos (135 spp.); Thailand and Myanmar (1 sp.); and Limestone areas in Vietnam. Pteridophytes were recorded in Malaysia (32 spp.) while Bryophytes are recorded in Peninsular Malaysia (59 spp.). In the Philippines, there are plant records in: Masbate (61 spp.); Isabela (169 spp. Pteridophytes); Bohol (12 spp.), and Samar forests over limestone (29 spp. palms and 20 spp. orchids). A floral assessment in Samar Island Natural Park (SINP) includes species (212 spp.) that can possibly be found but are not limited to karsts. New Philippine endemic species are also recorded in Cebu, Palawan, and Panay Island. There are animal records in SEA including Vietnam (Bats-36, Bird-1, and Langurs-5 spp.); Malaysia (Sciuridae-1, Bats-28, Birds-129, Reptiles-17, and Invertebrates-74 spp.); Thailand (Murids-12, Reptiles-11, and Amphibian-1 sp.); and Myanmar (Reptiles-15 spp.). Records in the Philippines include: Mammals (Bicol-9, Mt. Irid-24, Mt. Aruyan-1, and Cebu-1 species), and; Birds (Cebu-1 sp.). A terrestrial faunal assessment in SINP includes species (182 spp.) that can possibly be found but are not limited to karsts. Forests over limestone are still largely understudied and the potential of discovering species is high. Further research is critical to establish science-based initiatives and policies that will protect and conserve limestone ecosystem biodiversity while allowing the utilization of its biological resources at a sustainable level.
The abundance and diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in Talaud Islands, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Roni Koneri; MEIS J. NANGOY; PARLUHUTAN SIAHAAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201121

Abstract

Abstract. Koneri R, Nangoy MJ, Siahaan P. 2019. The abundance and diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in Talaud Islands, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3275-3283. Butterflies play a number of roles in the ecosystem. They help pollination and natural propagation and also are an important element of the food chain as prey for bats, birds, and other insectivorous animals. This study aimed to analyze the abundance and diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in the Talaud Islands of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The sampling method used was scan sampling along the transect line in three habitat types, namely, forest edge, farmland, and shrubland. The species diversity was determined by using the diversity index (Shanon-Wiener), the species richness index was calculated using the Margalef species richness index (R1), while species evenness was counted by using the Shannon evenness index (E). One-way ANOVA and Duncan test at the 95% significance level were used to determine differences in species richness, species abundance, species diversity values, and species evenness among habitat. In this study, we identified 1008 individuals of butterfly consisted of 32 species and five families. Nymphalidae was the dominant family with 15 species, while the highest abundance species was Eurema tominia. The highest species abundance, species richness index, species diversity index, and species evenness index were found in forest edge habitat. The largest similarity index of the composition of the butterfly communities was found in forest edge and farmland habitats. The abundance and diversity of butterfly species in a habitat are strongly influenced by the diversity of vegetation as shelter and source of nectar for butterflies, and the existence of a river as a source of water and minerals from wet rocks, mud, and sand along the riverside.
Morphology and anatomy of the fruit and seed of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson Ferawati Oktia Nurhayani; ARUM SEKAR WULANDARI; TATIEK KARTIKA SUHARSI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201112

Abstract

Abstract. Nurhayani FO, Wulandari AS, Suharsi TK. 2019. Morphology and anatomy of the fruit and seed of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson. Biodiversitas 20: 3199-3206. Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson is one of the Annonaceae family which has high benefits for humans such as constructions, furniture, cosmetics, perfumes, and traditional medicines. The planting efforts were needed to support the existence of these plants. These plants have low regeneration and germination. The morphology and anatomy of fruit and seed could enhance the understanding of the reproductive biology in the species. There is little information about the morphology and anatomy of fruit and seed of C. odorata var. odorata forma genuina. The aim of this study is to understand the morphology and anatomy of fruit and seed of C. odorata. The morphologic description was made from the analysis of the fresh fruits and seeds. The anatomical description was made from the analysis of permanent slides with longitudinal sections of the fruits and seeds. The samples were fixed, dehydrated, alcoholized, embedding in paraffin, and stained with safranin-fast green. Data analysis consists of the morphological observation (shape, color, size and the number of seeds per fruits) and the anatomical observation (the pericarp layers of fruit, the seed coat layers, and the structure in the seed). The fruit of C. odorata var. odorata forma genuina was fleshy, ovoid or obovoid, 0.98-2.75 cm long, 0.42-1.63 cm in diameter, and contain 1-12 seeds. The seeds were pale brown, flattened, ovoid, and hard. The fruit anatomy showed that the pericarp layers derived from parenchymatous cells and differentiated into three zones, i.e. exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The seed has ruminated endosperm with irregular folds. The seed coat was divided into three integuments, i.e. outer, middle, and inner integument. The information about the fruit and seed anatomy of C. odorata var. odorata forma genuina might enhance the understanding of future studies regarding natural reproduction and conservation programs with generative propagation.
Production of cellulase from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei mixed culture in carboxymethylcellulose medium as sole carbon Dia Septiani; HERMAN SURYADI; Abdul Mun'im; WIBOWO MANGUNWARDOYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201211

Abstract

Abstract. Septiani D, Suryadi H, Mun’im A, Mangunwardoyo W. 2019. Production of cellulase from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei mixed culture in carboxymethylcellulose medium as sole carbon. Biodiversitas 20: 3539-3544. Cellulase is one of hydrolytic enzymes that breakdown cellulose into glucose. Cellulases are promising to be applied in natural products which may improve the yield of bioactive in plant extract through cellulose depolymerization. Cellulases from mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei can produce a high cellulase activity because of the synergism activity among endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and also ?-glucoside. Cellulase production and partial purification of monoculture and mixed culture (1:1) of these fungi on carboxymethylcellulose media were investigated in this study. Total cellulase activity was measured by filter paper assay followed by protein estimation with Bradford method. The crude extract of Aspergillus niger monoculture has the highest cellulase activity (0.131 U/mL, P<005) followed by mixed culture (0.109 U/mL) and Trichoderma reesei (0.106 U/mL). The cellulase activity of partially purified cellulase from mixed culture significantly increased (0.335, 0.348, 0.374 U/mL, P<0.05) compared to crude extract along with stepwise addition of ammonium sulfate. Cellulase activity of mixed culture at 80% ammonium sulfate increase up to 2.238-fold and showed highest value (P<0.05) compared to monocultures. In conclusion, combination of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei fungi in carboxymethyl cellulose media followed by 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation can be a promising cellulase production with high cellulase activity.
Characteristics of sago pith and sago bark waste from Seram Island, Maluku, Indonesia Herman Siruru; WASRIN SYAFII; I NYOMAN J. WISTARA; GUSTAN PARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201208

Abstract

Abstract. Siruru H, Syafii W, Wistara I. N. J, Pari G. 2019. Characteristics of Metroxylon rumphii (pith and bark waste) from Seram Island, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3517-3526. Sago (Metroxylon rumphii Martius) pith waste (SPW) and sago bark waste (SBW) are lignocellulosic materials that can be used for various needs directly or indirectly. It is necessary to understand SPW and SBW characteristics to maximize their utilization. In this study, we analyzed the proximate, ultimate, and crystallinity by XRD, the functional groups by FTIR, morphology by SEM, and the derivate analysis of hot water-soluble extractives by GCMS. The contents of SPW and SBW hot-water soluble extractive, lignin, and holocellulose were 57.7 and 4.9%, 6.1 and 29.4%, and 45.74 and 66.74%, respectively. The volatile matter, ash content, silica, fixed carbon, C, H, and O contents of the SPW and SBW were 81.48 and 84.56%, 1.30 and 3.04%, 1.25% and 2.03, 12.77 and 18.06%, 37.93 and 44.64%, 6.37 and 6.49%, and 47.75 and 51.10%, respectively. The degree of crystallinity of SPW was 15.04%, while that of SBW was 47.28%, where both have a monoclinic structure with the main peak by 2? 16° and 26°. SPW and SBW contained several minerals such as silica, boron, sulfur, and phosphorus. The surface morphology of the SPW was porous with a small diameter and thin cell wall, while that of SBW was covered by minerals. Nitrogen, alcohol, and sugar group compounds were found more in SPW, whereas phenol compound was more in SBW. SBW has high lignin content and SPW has a very large amount of hot water-soluble extractive.
The inventory and spore morphology of ferns from Bengkalis Island, Riau Province, Indonesia Nery Sofiyanti; Mayta Novaliza Isda; ERWINA JULIANTARI; RISSAN SURIATNO; SYAFRONI PRANATA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201115

Abstract

Abstract. Sofiyanti N, Isda MN, Juliantari E, Pranata S, Suriatno R. 2019. The inventory and spore morphology of ferns from Bengkalis Island, Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3223-3236. Bengkalis Island is one of main islands at coastal region of Riau Province, Indonesia. The first fern inventory had been conducted on this island, to identify the fern checklist as well as examined the morphology of their spores. Samples were collected from 2 subdistricts and 12 study sites, using exploration method. The spore specimens were coated using AU, before observation using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A total of 22 fern species are recorded from Bengkalis Islands. These species belong to 3 orders, i.e. Gleicheniales (1 species), Polypodiales (20 species) and Schizaeales (1 species). The spore characteristic indicated similar unity of spore, i.e. monad spore, with triangular, subtriangular, tetrahedral and reniform shape. Three basic types of spore have been observed, i.e. monolete, dilete, and trilete. The spore class observed in this study are small (22 ± 0.88 µm), medium (27.35 ± 1.45 to 47.85 ± 0.88 µm) and large (51.34 ± 1.83 to 53.8 ± 1.81 µm). The ornamentation of perisphore is the main character to distinguished species within one genus.
The morphological and phytochemical studies on the effect of acute and recurrent irradiation in Celosia cristata seeds SYARIFAH IIS AISYAH; IZZATUL MUHALLILIN; DEWI SUKMA; Waras Nurcholis
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201240

Abstract

Abstract. Aisyah SI, Muhallilin I, Sukma D, Nurcholis W. 2019. The morphological and phytochemical studies on the effect of acute and recurrent irradiation in Celosia cristata seeds. Biodiversitas 20: 3766-3771. The present work investigated the agro-morphological changes in Celosia cristata L. seeds exposed to gamma irradiations. This study also conducted phytochemical screening to screened secondary metabolite change in C. cristata. C. cristata seeds were irradiated with acute radiation at doses of 470, 480, and 490 Gy and were planted until M1 generation. Recurrent irradiation was done on M1 seeds at a dose of 250 Gy. The agro-morphological and phytochemical diversity was performed in M2 generation. The highest difference characters in acute irradiated plants were found on plant height, number of branches, and flower length, while the plant diameter, flower width, and number of flowers were found the highest in recurrent irradiation. Agro-morphological important changes in recurrent irradiated plants were decreased plant height and increased the number of flowers that compared with acute irradiated and control plants. The qualitative phytochemical showed no difference between acute and recurrent irradiated plants. It can be concluded that the recurrent irradiated changes the morphological valuable of C. cristata, while the phytochemical is needed further research.
The egg characteristics of malon broiler, Japanese quails and their cross Endang Sujana Sujana; ASEP ANANG; IWAN SETIAWAN; TUTI Widjastuti
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210306

Abstract

Abstract. Sujana E, Anang A, Setiawan I, Widjastuti. 2020. The egg characteristics of malon broiler, Japanese quails and their cross. Biodiversitas 21: 889-895. Research on evaluation of the characteristics of Malon broiler and Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs and on the crossbreeding between the two has been implemented in the Quail Breeding Center, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to know and evaluate the characteristics of Malon broiler and Japanese quails eggs and the crossbreeding between the two. The research used experimental method with complete random draft consisting of 4 treatments with six repeats, with each replay unit consisting of 10 grains so that the total of incubator eggs used are 240 grains. The treatment used was the breeding or marriage of Malon broiler quail ? x Malon broiler quail ? (MM), selected Japanese quail ? x selected Japanese quail ? (JJ), Malon broiler quail ? x selected Japanese quail ? (MJ), and Japanese selected quail ? x Malon broiler quail ? (JM). Statistical analysis was conducted using GLM (General Linear Model) with test Duncan using SAS application programs. The observed parts are egg weight, egg shape or Shape Index (SI), specific gravity (SG), and eggshell thickness. The results showed a noticeable difference in those parts. Further research results showed that the best quality of egg incubator comes from the crossbreeding of Malon broiler quail ? x selected Japanese quail ?(MJ), which is good for breeding quails.

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