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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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New sources of sorghum resistant genotypes to downy mildew disease in Uganda Frank Kumi; Arfang Badji; Natasha Mwila; Thomas Odong; Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula; Geoffrey Tusiime; Paul Gibson; Moses Biruma; Prom K. Louis; Hugo E. Cuevas; Symphorien Agbahoungba; Patrick Rubaihayo
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201136

Abstract

Abstract. Kumi F, Badji A, Mwila N, Odong T, Ochwo-Ssemakula M, Tusiime G, Gibson P, Biruma M, Prom KL, Cuevas HE, Agbahoungba S, Rubaihayo P. 2019. New sources of sorghum resistant genotypes to downy mildew disease in Uganda. Biodiversitas 20: 3391-3397.  Sorghum downy mildew (SDM) disease is still prevalent in Uganda at varying levels of incidence and severity. In this study, a total of 100 sorghum genotypes, five (5) from (U.SA, India, and Sudan) and 95 genotypes from Uganda were evaluated for resistance to downy mildew and other agronomic traits during the second growing season of 2016 (August-December). The experiment was conducted in two locations at Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute at Kabanyolo (MUARIK) and Abi-Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Abi-ZARDI) research station at Arua. The experimental design used was 10 x 10 alpha lattice design with three replicates. Data were collected on plant disease incidence (PDI), plant disease severity (PDS), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), days to 50% flowering, plant height, 1000 seed weight, and grain yield. Results for analysis of variance showed highly significant differences (P < 0.001) in genotypes, location, and AUDPC, yield and yield components. Disease incidence varied significantly (P < 0.001) between locations, and Arua recorded highest disease incidence and severity of 80.6 and 2.8, respectively. Results from correlation analysis showed a highly significant (P < 0.001) positive association of downy mildew disease incidence with AUDPC (0.835) which suggests that the severity of SDM disease increased with disease incidence, whiles significant (P < 0.001) negative correlation was recorded for days to 50 % flowering (-0.302), 1000 seed weight (-0.471), and grain yield (-0.585), suggesting that grain yield and yield component decreased significantly with increase in SDM incidence and severity. Two resistant (PI 656061 and PI 533831) and four moderately resistant (E 40, MAKSO 8, PI 655990 and Epuripur) genotypes were identified from this study. These genotypes were recommended for sorghum breeding program against downy mildew disease.
Short Communication: Leaf architectural characteristics of Cinnamomum cebuense Kosterm. (Lauraceae) distributed in different geographical locations, taxonomic identification and conservation concerns Edgardo Lillo; INOCENCIO E. BUOT JR; ARCHIEBALD B. MALAKI; STEVE MICHAEL T. ALCAZAR; RAAMAH ROSALES; JOHN LOU B. DIAZ; BERNARDO R. REDOBLADO; GLORY GRACE G. GEALON
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210132

Abstract

Abstract. Lillo EP, Buot IE Jr., Malaki AB, Alcazar SMT, Rosales R, Diaz JLB, Redoblado BR, Gealon GGG. 2019. Short Communication: Leaf architectural characteristics of Cinnamomum cebuense Kosterm. (Lauraceae) distributed in different geographical locations, taxonomic identification and conservation concerns. Biodiversitas 20: 246-251. Populations of Cinnamomum cebuense Kosterm distributed in three geographic locations were examined in the study. The primary aim of the study was to compare the leaf architectural characteristics of Cinnamomum cebuense Kosterm. (Lauraceae) species distributed in three locations. Specimen morphological characters were described using the Leaf Architecture Working Group (LAWG) Manual. Results showed that the species from Nug-as, Alcoy, Cebu was Cinnamomum cebuense because majority of its leaf architectural characteristics and vein categories were similar to those from Tabunan forest. However, the Cinnamomum species from Mount Nacolod, Southern Leyte was slightly different because there are vein categories and other leaf characteristics not similar to those collected from Tabunan forest. The species as one of the endemic plant species on the island of Cebu need to be conserved and protected as they are endangered in the wild.  
Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of three Selaginella species from Java Island, Indonesia M Miftahudin; Rini Hasibuan; Tatik Chikmawati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201234

Abstract

Abstract. Miftahudin, Hasibuan RS, Chikmawati T. 2019. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of three Selaginella species from Java Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3715-3722. Three Selaginella species, S. ornata, S. plana, and S. willdenowii, from Java Island, Indonesia, have been known to have antioxidant properties; however, in vivo antioxidant activities of these species have not been reported. This research aimed to evaluate the in vivo antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of three Selaginella species. The 70% ethanol extract of three Selaginella species at four different doses was administered to mice one day before being treated with oxidative stress. The liver tissue of mice treated with or without oxidative stress was analyzed their lipid peroxidation by measuring MDA concentration and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities. The results showed that there were variations in antioxidant activity among the three Selaginella species. In general, the dose of 0.3 g extract kg-1 BW has been able to reduce lipid peroxidation and increase SOD activity. The administration of S. ornata extract to the mice at 1.2 g extract kg-1 BW reduced the MDA concentration to the lowest level, but the same dose of two other Selaginella extracts caused toxic effects in mice. The antioxidant activities of S. ornata and S. plana were better than that of S. willdenowii extract, and among those species, S. ornata has the best antioxidant activity.
Prospects for developing an early maturing variety of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) in Bogor, Indonesia Graham Eagleton
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201106

Abstract

Abstract. Eagleton GE. 2019. Prospects for developing an early maturing variety of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) in Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3142-3152. To investigate the possibility of producing a more convenient, early-maturing cultivar of winged bean for vegetable growers in West Java, an early flowering accession introduced from Singapore Botanic Gardens (‘Singha’, the female parent) was crossed with a vegetatively vigorous, late-maturing, local winged bean accession (‘Bogor’, the male parent). The phenology and general performance of plants of the parental accessions and of their F1 and F2 hybrid generations were compared in the plant nursery of the Bogor Botanic Gardens (6036’ S, 106048’ E) in three successive experiments over ten months. In each of the three experimental plantings, the mean number of days to first open flower for the Bogor variety (B) was more than 40 days later than for the Singha variety (S). There was no significant difference in the average number of days to first open flower between F1 plants (S x B) and Singha plants in the first two experiments, but in the third experiment the F1 plants flowered 23 days later than the Singha parent. The phenological development of all genotypes, but especially the Bogor variety, appeared to be retarded by long daylengths. Out of nineteen F2 plants included in the third experiment, six flowered at least as early as the average of the early flowering Singha parent, nine overlapped the distribution for the F1 plants, while only two were as late as the Bogor parent. It was inferred that flowering time in this particular cross was influenced as much by dominance effects as by additive genetic effects, with early flowering dominant to late flowering. Plants in the first two experiments were severely affected by collar-rot disease with no difference between genotypes. In the third experiment, planted in a potting-mix in poly-bags that avoided the collar-rot, all plants of the Singha and most plants of the F1 and F2 generations became infected by false-rust disease Synchytrium psophocarpi (Rac.) Baumann, whereas none of the Bogor plants exhibited symptoms of false-rust. The results support the finding in a previous study by Aminah-Lubis and Sastrapradja (1981) that the resistance to false rust disease found in Bogor winged bean varieties is conferred by genes that are recessive to genes conferring susceptibility to the disease. This investigation has implications for breeding improved varieties of vegetable winged bean and for understanding the evolution of winged bean as a crop.
Morphology and isozyme variation among madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) accessions from southeastern part of Central Java, Indonesia RESTYKANIA; suratman; ARI PITOYO; SURANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 10 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201035

Abstract

Abstract. Restykania, Suratman, Pitoyo A, Suranto. 2019. Morphology and isozyme variation among madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) accessions from southeastern part of Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3024-3032. The genetic diversity among madeira vine accessions from southeastern part of Central Java has not been investigated in detail. Information on genetic diversity and relationship among accessions of this plant will provide important input into determining resourceful management strategies and guiding the improvement of plants through plant breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate variation of morphology and isozyme among madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) accessions from southeastern part of Central Java. A total of 13 madeira vine accessions were used for morphological observations and isozyme analysis. Morphological diversity was characterized based on measurements and observations of vegetative structures such as stems, leaves, and aerial tubers. Identification of biochemical markers was done using peroxidase and esterase isozyme systems. A relationship dendrogram among accessions was constructed based on the genetic similarity matrix by applying a cluster analysis. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative morphological characters revealed that the majority of the tested traits showed variation, indicating that there was variability among the tested madeira vine accessions. Polymorphism was observed using isozyme of peroxidase (i.e. two banding patterns) and esterase (i.e. five banding patterns). Based on the dendrogram at a level of 63 % similarity, it showed distinct separation of 13 madeira vine accessions into two major clusters. Cluster I consisted of nine accessions and the closest relationship was shown between KLT 3 and KLT 1 accessions that had 94 % of similarity coefficient. The remaining four accessions were clustered separately as Cluster II with similarity coefficient of 73 %. Therefore, genetic characterization based on morphological and isozyme markers obtained in this study is valuable to understand genetic variability and relationship among madeira vine accessions in southeastern part of Central Java.
Diversity and host preferences of ferns and lycopods epiphytes on palm trees Titien Ngatinem Praptosuwiryo; SUMANTO SUMANTO; RIA CAHYANINGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201236

Abstract

Abstract. Praptosuwiryo TN, Sumanto, Cahyaningsih. 2019. Diversity and host preferences of ferns and lycopods epiphytes on palm trees. Biodiversitas 20: 3731-3740. Epiphytic ferns contribute importantly to the global biodiversity of tropical rain forests. However, our knowledge of the ecology of epiphytic ferns is phenomenally still limited. Most studies on the ecology, floristic and diversity of epiphytic ferns and lycopods were reported outside of Malesian region. This study aimed: (i) to figure out the diversity of ferns and lycopods on palm trees of the lowland areas by analyzing its species richness and floristic composition, and (ii) to determine the host preferences of epiphytic ferns on palm trees. Twenty-eight phorophyte species belonging to 17 genera of palm trees, growing at Bogor Botanic Gardens, were observed. Trunk of palm trees was divided into three zones (basal, middle and upper). Individual numbers for each species of epiphytic fern growing on each zone were recorded. Epiphytic fern species which were most commonly found were analyzed statistically to determine their preference for the host trees. A total of 16 species of epiphytic ferns and lycopods were recorded. The greatest richness of species occurred in Polypodiaceae (50%). Habitual true epiphyte was the predominant ecological category, representing 75 % of the species. Caryota no Becc. hosted the greatest number of ferns and lycopods 8 species) while Attalea insignis (Mart.) Drude hosted the fewest (2 species). Individual numbers of six epiphytic fern species were significantly affected by palm trees species, namely Belvisia callifolia (Christ) Copel., Pyrrosia lanceolata (L.) Farwell, Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G. Price, Davallia denticulata (Burm.) Mett., Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott, Vittaria ensiformis Sw. Individual numbers of five epiphytic fern species were significantly affected by zone of the host plant. Nephrolepis biserrata tends to grow well in the upper zone. Pyrrosia lanceolata tends to be abundant in the middle zone. B. callifolia, D. denticulata, and V. ensiformis grow well and make dense populations in the basal zone.
Short communication: The dissimilarity in plant species composition of savanna ecosystem along the elevation gradient on Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Sutomo Sutomo; I Dewa Putu Darma; Rajif Iryadi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210209

Abstract

Abstract. Sutomo, Darma IDP, Iryadi R. 2020. Short communication: The dissimilarity in plant species composition of savanna ecosystem along the elevation gradient on Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 492-496. Savannas in Indonesia are located from west to the east across the archipelago. The objective of this research was to investigate the dissimilarity of floristic composition among savannas at different elevations in Flores. Sixteen sampling plots, each measuring 20 x 20 m were spread over the lowland, midland, and upland savannas. We analyzed the differences in plant community composition among the savannas using NMDS ordination and SIMPER analyses available in PRIMER V.6. As many as 41 species of plants were found in all of the sampling plots. The lowland savanna plant community consisted of Themeda arguens, Zoesya sp., Chromolaena odorata, Crotalaria sp., Adenanthera pavonina, Ocimum sp., Lantana camara in the groundcover layer, and Ziziphus jujube, and Borassus flabellifer at the tree layer. The midland savanna had almost similar composition, except the occurrence of Imperata cylindrica and Leucaena leucocephala, and the upland savanna plant species were Cyperus sp., Polygala paniculata, I. cylindrica, Melastoma malabathricum, C. odorata, Centella asiatica, Vaccinium sp., and Cymbopogon sp. The savannas in Flores were invaded by invasive exotic species, namely L. camara and C. Odorata which may pose serious threat to the existence of savannas.
Selection of drought-tolerant local rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia during vegetative stage Yustina Carolina Febrianti Salsinha; Didik Indradewa; Yekti Asih Purwestri; Diah Rachmawati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210122

Abstract

Abstract. Salsinha Y C F, Indradewa D, Purwestri Y A, Rachmawati D. 2020. Selection of drought-tolerant local rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara during vegetative stage. Biodiversitas 21: 170-178. East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), with the predominance of dry climate, has the potential of the plant with high tolerance to drought. This research was conducted to select drought-tolerant rice cultivars. There were eight NTT-rice cultivars tested: Pak morin (P1), Mapan (P2), Pak Mutin (P3), Gogo Fatuhao (P4), Seratus-malam Boawae (P5), Padi-Putih Kuatnana (P6), Padi-Putih Maumere (P7) and Gogo Sikka (P8) with 2 control cultivars tested: Ciherang (drought- susceptible) and IR-64 (drought tolerant). The treatment included were 100% FC (control), 50% FC (moderate) and 25% FC (severe drought) during vegetative stage. The morphological analysis of plant (plant height, number of leaves and tillers and root architecture) showed cultivars P1, P5 and P6 possess the best characteristics for tolerating drought. The physiological analysis (plant photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2-concentration, and transpiration rate) showed cultivar P5 and P6 possess the best characteristics for tolerating drought. The high levels of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents during drought conditions were observed in P5, P6, and P7 cultivars. Based on the relative water content, membrane stability index and proline levels, highest-resistance cultivar was P5 and P7 while the cultivar with high sensitivity to drought stress was P3. Based on the morphophysiological characteristics, it can be concluded that P5, P6, and P7 cultivar have the potential as drought-tolerant rice.
The interference of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts to modulate quorum sensing-facilitated virulence factors Suhartono Suhartono; Yulia Sari Ismail; Syarifah Raisha Muhayya
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 10 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201031

Abstract

Abstract. Suhartono S, Ismail YS, Muhayya SR. 2019. The interference of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts to modulate quorum sensing-facilitated virulence factors. Biodiversitas 20: 3000-3004. The infections attenuated by the presence of virulence factors might be facilitated by quorum sensing (QS) mechanism. The continuous treatments of bacterial infections with current drugs, however, has developed such pathogenic bacteria more antibiotic-resistant, encouraging to searching for better alternative treatment, such as the use of plant-derived bioactive constituents, including kelor (Moringa oleifera L.). In the present research, kelor (M. oleifera) ethanolic leaf extract was evaluated for their potency as an antibacterial agent to inhibit bacterial virulence factors mediated by quorum sensing mechanism against Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. A phytochemical examination of M. oleifera leaf-ethanolic extracts has been conducted resulting positive detection of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics or tannins. The extracts had MIC and MBC values of 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL, respectively, for both tested bacteria. The ethanolic extracts of M. oleifera leaves also showed potent inhibition of quorum sensing by significantly reducing violacein and pyocyanin production as well as interference of swarming motility and biofilm formation.
Length-weight relationships and ponderal index of three reef fish (Teleostei: Labridae) off the Tanjung Tiram coast, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Asriyana Asriyana; Nur Irawati; Halili Halili
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210402

Abstract

Abstract. Asriyana A, Irawati N, Halili H. 2020. Length-weight relationships and ponderal index of three reef fish (Teleostei: Labridae) off the Tanjung Tiram coast, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1279-1286. Parameters of length-weight relationship and ponderal index were estimated for first time for three reef fish (Labridae), Cheilinus trilobatus, Cheilinus chlorourus, and Choerodon anchorago, off the Tanjung Tiram coast, Indonesia. A total of 292 specimens (C. trilobatus 146 specimens; C. chlorourus 100 specimens; C. anchorago 46 specimens) were collected monthly in experimental gillnets in coral reefs and seagrass beds from January to June 2018. The length-weight relationship and ponderal index were calculated for each species. C. trilobatus showed total length and weight of 9.0-17.2 cm and 12.33-78.79 g, respectively, while C. chlorourus was 8.5-17.5 cm and 10.41-100.21 g, and C. anchorago 9.0-27.0 cm and 18.51-414.00 g. C. trilobatus showed negative allometric growth, while C. chlorourus and C. anchorago had isometric growth. The length-weight relationship of C. trilobatus followed the linear equation of W=0.10TL2.35, while C. chlorourus and C. anchorago fit to W=0.03TL2.83; W=0.03TL2.91 respectively. The highest ponderal index occurred in May for C. trilobatus and in June for C. chlorourus and C. anchorago indicating a peak of the spawning season. The study results could be used as baseline information for future fisheries management of the area.

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